General Principals of Pharmacology

At the end of a Phase II study, which of the following would be inconsistent as a reason for removal from further investigation?

Has a high benefit-to-risk ratio

The nurse is preparing to administer a medication that is classified as an antihypertensive and knows that this drug is intended to treat what type of condition?

High blood pressure

The nurse is preparing to discharge a client who has been prescribed a medication that has a narrow margin of safe dosage. What information is most important for the nurse to share with the client?

It is important to keep laboratory appointments for drug monitoring.

The nurse is aware that a client at what stage of pregnancy is at most risk for teratogenic effects from a drug?

8 weeks

During drug evaluation, chemicals that may have therapeutic value are tested on laboratory animals and would be considered in which of the following stages of development?

Preclinical

Legend drugs refer to which of the following? (Choose one)

Prescription drugs

Which type of dependence is a compulsion or craving to use a substance to obtain a pleasurable experience? (Choose one)

Psychological dependence

A nurse has noticed that a number of clients developed a rash after taking a certain medication. The nurse has documented the rash and has contacted each health care provider that has prescribed the drug. The nurse has also reported this issue to the health care facility pharmacist. What is the nurse's next best step in reporting this issue?

Report the observation to the FDA (US Food and Drug Adminstration).

According to the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA), drugs of which schedule have high abuse potential and no accepted medical use?

Schedule I

When reviewing the Drug Enforcement Agency schedules of controlled substances, the nurse would understand that the schedule with limited abuse potential is:

Schedule V

The nurse shares with a client that some controlled substances can lead to psychological dependency, and would cause which signs or symptoms?

The client is compelled to take the medication for a pleasurable experience.

The nurse is caring for a client who has developed angioedema of the mouth and throat after administration of a drug. Which of the nurse's next actions is most important?

Notify the health care provider

Discharge planning for patients leaving the hospital should include instructions on the use of Over-The-Counter (OTC) drugs. Which comment by the patient would demonstrate a good understanding of OTC drugs?

"OTC drugs are thought to be safe when taken as directed."

When asked by a client about the generic name of a drug, what is the nurse's best response?

"The generic name is the official name given by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration."

In a hospital or other institution that dispenses controlled substances how often should the scheduled drugs be counted? (Choose one)

8 to 12 hours

In Phase I clinical trials, the potential uses and effects are determined by which of the following?

Administering doses to healthy volunteers

Administering propranolol (Inderal) a beta blocker to a client taking albuterol (Proventil) a beta agonist could result in which of the following types of drug-drug interactions? (Choose one)

Antagonistic Drug reaction

The nurse is caring for a client who has been diagnosed with G6PD deficiency and would contact the health care provider if what drug is scheduled to be administered?

Aspirin

Which federal legislation classified drugs according to their potential for abuse?

Controlled Substances Act

A nurse is responsible for maintaining an accurate count and record of the controlled substances on the nursing division. This nursing action is regulated by which of the following laws or agencies?

Drug Enforcement Administration

The nurse is administering a medication to a client for treatment of insomnia. Approximately 30 minutes after receiving the medication, the client complains of nervousness and inability to fall asleep. The nurse knows that the client is most likely experiencing what type of drug reaction?

Drug idiosyncrasy

The nurse is aware that what criterion is used to determine if a drug qualifies for an accelerated drug-approval program?

Drugs which treat a disease that is posing a significant health threat qualify for the program

After teaching a group of students about the responsibilities of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) related to drugs, the instructor determines that the students need additional teaching when they identify which of the following as a major responsibility?

Enforcement of control of substances with high abuse potential

Drugs that have been shown to cause adverse effects in a fetus are termed carcinogenic.

False

Which of the following agencies is responsible for the approval of new drugs in the United States? (Choose one)

Food and Drug Administration

Which organization is responsible for approving new drugs in the United States?

Food and Drug Administration

Drugs that finish phase III are evaluated by which of the following agencies?

Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

If a nurse was to look up a drug in the U.S. Pharmacopeia the nurse would need to know which type of drug name? (Choose one)

Generic name

The nurse dispensing medications to clients knows that medications have various names. Which of the following is the medication name most physicians use to prescribe drugs?

Generic name

Drugs related to the chemical or official name and independent of the manufacturer are:

Generic name drugs

A nurse is involved in a phase II study. Which of the following would be most likely?

Patients with the disease that drug is designed to treat are receiving the drug.

The study of drugs and their action on the living organisms is known as which of the following? (Choose one)

Pharmacology

During which phase of study are human volunteers used to test drugs?

Phase I

A new medication for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease is being administered to a group of subjects with the disease. The subjects receiving this medication are unaware of whether they are being administered the medication or whether they are receiving a placebo. This testing occurs in which phase?

Phase III

A drug has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration. Which of the following would occur next?

Phase IV study

Which type of dependence is the habitual use of a drug, where negative physical withdrawal symptoms result from abrupt discontinuation? (Choose one)

Physical dependence

The nurse is preparing to administer a subcutaneous injection to a client and notices that the client has developed lipodystrophy at the injection site. The nurse knows that this will have what effect on the administration of this medication?

This will inhibit absorption of the drug.

Which of the following would be a reason for a drug to enter a Phase III study?

To determine any unanticipated effects

The Food and Drug Administration regulates the development and sale of drugs

True

A drug being tested is removed from testing during a phase II study. Which of the following would be the most likely reason for such action?

Unacceptable adverse effects

The nurse is educating a client on over-the-counter (OTC) medications. What information is required to be placed on the label of the medication? Select all that apply.

• Contraindications to the medication • Adverse reactions • Dosage of the medication

Which of the following are ways that drugs are classified? Select all that apply.

• Effects on body systems • Therapeutic uses • Chemical characteristics

The nurse is unfamiliar with a medication. What would be considered reliable sources for guidance in administration of this medication? Select all that apply.

• Health care facility pharmacist • Drug information on the Internet • Medication package insert

The nurse is counseling a group of women of childbearing age. Which risks of consuming alcohol during pregnancy should the nurse share? Select all that apply.

• Low birth weight • Fetal alcohol syndrome

Which of the following is true regarding herbal preparations? (Select all that apply)

• They can worsen some health conditions. • They can change the way prescription and nonprescription drugs work. • They can contain drugs that are not listed on the label.