General Psych Chap 7
Which of the following is true in the context of children babbling?
Babbling is inborn and prelinguistic. - Babbling, like crying and cooing, is inborn and prelinguistic. Deaf children babble, and children from cultures whose languages sound very different all seem to babble the same sounds. See 7-3: Language Development: The Two-Year Explosion
_________ is the ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems.
Creativity - Creativity is the ability to generate novel and useful solutions to problems.See "Theories of Intelligence" from chapter 7 for more information.
Generating many possible solutions is a characteristic of which of the following concepts?
Divergent thinking - Generating many possible solutions is a characteristic of divergent thinking. See 7-4: Theories of Intelligence
Which of the following statements is true about the influence of genetic factors and environmental factors on intelligence?
Genetic factors account for about half of the variations in intelligence test scores among individuals. - About half of the difference between your IQ score and the IQ scores of other people can be explained by heredity. See 7-6: Nature and Nurture in Intelligence
_________ is the degree to which the variations in a trait from one person to another can be attributed to, or explained by, genetic factors.
Heritability -Heritabilityis the degree to which the variations in a trait from one person to another can be attributed to, or explained by, genetic factors.See "The Measurement of Intelligence" from chapter 7 for more information.
_________ are rules of thumb that help us simplify and solve problems.
Heuristics - Heuristics rules of thumb thathelp us simplify and solve problems.See "Thinking" from chapter 7 for more information.
Which of the following statements is true about the learning theory in the context of language development?
It emphasizes the role of imitation and reinforcement in language development in children.
Which of the following statements is true about the nativist theory of language development?
It holds that the innate factors of children cause them to attend to and acquire language in certain ways. - The nativist theory of language development holds that the innate factors-which make up children's nature-cause children to attend to and acquire language in certain ways. See 7-3: Language Development: The Two-Year Explosion
_________ is the quality of language in which words are used as symbols for objects, events, or ideas.
Semanticity - Semanticity is the quality of language in which words are used as symbols for objects, events, or ideas. See "Language" from chapter 7 for more information.
Which of the following was the result of a study done with 500 pairs of monozygotic and dizygotic twins in Kentucky, in terms of intelligence?
The correlations in intelligence between dizygotic twins were about the same as those between other siblings. - A classic study of 500 pairs of monozygotic and dizygotic twins in Louisville, Kentucky (Wilson, 1983), found that the correlations in intelligence between dizygotic twins were about the same as those between other siblings. See 7-6: Nature and Nurture in Intelligence
Incubation in problem solving refers to standing back from the problem for a while as some process within may continue to work on it.
True - Incubation in problem solving refers to standing back from the problem for a while as some process within may continue to work on it. See 7-1: Thinking
In psycholinguistic theory, _________ is a neural "prewiring" that facilitates the child's learning of grammar.
language acquisition device - In psycholinguistic theory, language acquisition device is a neural "prewiring" that facilitates the child's learning of grammar.See "Language Development: The Two-Year Explosion" from chapter 7 for more information.
Children between the ages of three and five incorrectly apply the rules of past tense and of plural when they say "sitted" instead of "sat" and "gooses" instead of "geese." This is known as _____.
over-regularization - Over-regularization is the application of regular grammatical rules for forming inflections (e.g., past tense and plurals) to irregular verbs and nouns. See 7-3: Language Development: The Two-Year Explosion
Albert lost the keys to his car sometime between the time he locked it and his return to the car about three hours later. Albert came up with a formula to find the keys;he retraced his steps, going to all of the places he visited after he initially locked the car. Albert eventually found the keys on his office desk. Albert used a/an _____ to find his keys.
algorithm - Albert used an algorithm to find his keys. An algorithm is a systematic procedure for solving a problem that works invariably when it is correctly applied. See 7-1: Thinking
Christopher has good skills many areas of problem solving and reasoning ability. According to Spearman, Christopher's abilities are indicative of _____.
general intelligence - According to Spearman, Christopher's ability is indicative of general intelligence. In 1904, British psychologist Charles Spearman suggested that the behaviors we consider intelligent have a common underlying factor that he labeled g, for "general intelligence" or broad reasoning and problem-solving abilities. See 7-4: Theories of Intelligence
A/An _________ is a single word used by children to express complex meanings.
holophrase - A holophraseis a single word used by children to express complex meanings.See "Language Development: The Two-Year Explosion" from chapter 7 for more information.
In Gestalt psychology, a/an _________ is a sudden perception of relationships among elements of the mentally represented elements of a problem that permits its solution.
insight - In Gestalt psychology, an insight is a sudden perception of relationships among elements of the mentally represented elements of a problem that permits its solution.See "Thinking" from chapter 7 for more information.
A/an_________ is the tendency to respond to a new problem with the same approach that helped solve similar problems.
mental set - A mental set is the tendency to respond to a new problem with the same approach that helped solve similar problems. See "Thinking" from chapter 7 for more information.
A sofa, bed, and table are _____ of the category furniture, but a magazine rack, lamp, and piano bench are not.
prototypes A sofa, bed, and table are prototypes of the category furniture, but a magazine rack, lamp, and piano bench are not. Prototypes are good examples of categories. See 7-1: Thinking
Barbara wanted to know whether Americans bought more American-made cars than foreign made cars. To come up with an answer, she based her opinion on the cars her friends drove. Barbara used _____ to come to the conclusion.
the availability heuristic - Barbara used the availability heuristic to come to the conclusion. According to this heuristic, our estimates of frequency or probability are based on how easy it is to find examples of relevant events. See 7-1: Thinking