General Psychology: Chapter 14

Among children, altruistic behavior is apparent as early as _____ of age.

18 months

In recent years, about 1 in _____ couples has met online.

4

Approximately _____ of the participants in Milgram's experiment were willing to deliver the maximum shock level to the participant.

65%

In Asch's study on conformity, what percentage of the participants conformed at least once even when they knew their answer to be false?

75%

Classic experimental studies of conformity were conducted in the 1950s by:

Asch

Which compliance technique is correctly defined?

Both of these compliance techniques are correctly defined

_____ love refers to the deep, affectionate attachment people have for those with whom their lives are intertwined.

Companionate

_____ occurs when behavior changes at the request of a person or group with no real authority.

Compliance

The classic "shock" study of obedience is associated with:

Milgram

_____ refers to intentional efforts to change people's attitudes or behaviors.

Persuasion

_____ love is an aroused state of intense, positive absorption in another person. It is usually present at the beginning of a love relationship.

Romantic

_____ love tends to be particularly strong in the early stages of a relationship, whereas _____ love is more typical of a mature, long-standing relationship.

Romantic; companionate

_____ psychologists investigate human cognition, emotion, and behavior in relation to other people.

Social

_____ occurs when people perform better on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others.

Social facilitation

______ refer(s) to the inferences people make about other people based on their group memberships.

Stereotypes

The triangular model of love was proposed by:

Sternberg

In a state where same-sex marriage is legal, a bakery refuses to make cakes for same-sex couples. This is BEST seen as an example of:

discrimination

Obedience refers to a(n):

change in behavior in response to a command by an authority figure

Social _____ is the branch of social psychology that investigates how people process social information and how they think about other people.

cognition

When people's attitudes clash with their behavior, they experience a state of psychological tension called:

cognitive dissonance

You are trying to convince your parents to send you to Europe. First, you ask them for a small favor (a bus ticket to a local city), hoping that later they will be more willing to send you on the longer, more expensive trip. This example illustrates:

foot-in-the-door technique

In the Stanford Prison Study, participants were randomly assigned to be prisoners and guards in the experiment. The guards wore khaki prison uniforms, carried night sticks, and wore sunglasses, while the prisoners wore prison garb with their prison numbers on the back. These costumes signified the participants' social:

roles

While walking along the ocean shoreline, Mr. Hughes heard a swimmer cry for help. However, he continued walking because he thought that one of the many swimmers in the vicinity would provide help. Mr. Hughes's reaction BEST illustrates:

the bystander effect

A man asks you for $10 as you walk past him. You refuse. He then asks for $2. You give it to him. The man has taken advantage of:

the door-in-the-face technique

When groups become more different from one another as a result of interacting this is known as:

group polarization

Dr. Young is a professor of psychology and an expert on tests and assessment. She wants to go with an essay-based exam but the three other professors who teach the same course want to go with multiple choice. Dr. Young decides to change her opinion for the good of the group. This BEST illustrates:

groupthink

The goal of advertising is to encourage people to view products or services favorably, and, ideally, to purchase them. Advertising's objective, therefore, is:

persuasion

Holding hostile or negative attitudes toward an individual or a group is called:

prejudice

Behavior aimed at benefiting others is called:

prosocial behavior

A social _____ is the set of behavioral expectations associated with a particular social position.

role

The influential "prison" study of the power of social roles was conducted by:

Zimbardo

Which is NOT one of the components of love in Sternberg's theory?

attachment

The tendency to modify one's attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs to match those of others is called:

conformity

The highest form of love in Sternberg's theory includes all three components: passion, intimacy, and commitment. It is called _______ love.

consummate

In Sternberg's theory, the romantic love typical of courtship may become _____ love with the commitment of engagement and marriage. As the passion in the marriage wanes, the couple may experience _____ love.

consummate; companionate

The _____ explanation of helping proposes that people help others to ease their suffering.

empathy

A couple in a "loveless marriage" with neither intimacy nor passion are experiencing Sternberg's _____ love.

empty

Viewing the world only from the perspective of one's own group is called:

ethnocentrism

Social loafing refers to the tendency for people to:

exert less effort when working in groups than when working alone

With respect to their origin, attitudes are:

mostly "nurture"