General psychology final pt 2 - 1

Many studies have been conducted to asses the stability of the Big-Five personality characteristics, such as the Big-Five, in adults over time. In sum, these studies have demonstrated correlation coefficient of

.50-.70

____________ personality disorder is generally considered to be the result of an interaction of genetic disposition to negative emotional patterns interacting with an abusive and/or invalidating family environment

Borderline

What circumstances would you expect a person to demonstrate the highest level of conformity in Solomon Asch's research protocol?

Giving an answer choice out loud

Olen has been described as having a secure attachment to both of his parents. Based on this information, what can you predict during Olen's childhood?

He will have good relationships with his peers

In a typical test of false-belief understanding, a child sees a doll, Maxi, put a candy bar in a blue cupboard. Then Maxi leaves the room and his mother comes in and moves the candy bar to a red cupboard. When Maxi returns to get her candy bar, the child is asked, "In which cupboard will Maxi look first?" What typically happens?

Most 3-year-olds will answer the red cupboard, but most 4-year-olds will answer the blue cupboard

Who argued that children are born into the world with a language-acquisition device (LAD)?

Noam Chomsky

Walking down the street, Areanna is approached by a police officer. The officer encourages Areanna to be a good samaritan and put money in a parking meter that's about to expire on a stranger's car. What factors might lead Arenna to obey this police officer's order and help pay for the parking meter?

She views the police officer as an authority figure

What does the therapy technique of free association aim to do?

The patient shares any and all thoughts that come to mind without attempting to organize or censor these thoughts in any way

What is an example of manipulating the trustworthiness of a speaker?

The speaker presents his/her message as educational or objective information

Speech that is superficially fluent, filled with articles, prepositions, and nonsense words, but deficient in content words is characteristic of

Wernicke's aphasia

The smallest meaningful unit of a language, that is, the smallest unit that stands for some object, event, characteristic, or relationship, is called?

a morpheme

A psychotropic drug is one that

affects mood and emotions

Ruby is angry as her sister for wearing Ruby's favorite shirt without permission and then spilling paint on it. Ruby walks over to her sister and yells at her.Ruby's actions are and example of ___________

aggression

Ruby is angry at her little sister wearing Ruby's favorite shirt without permission then spilling paint on it. Ruby walks over to her sister and yells at her. Ruby's actions are an example of

aggression

The english morpheme beast bears no particular similarity to what it represents and cannot be changed gradually to express gradations in meaning. This illustrates that morphemes are

arbitrary exclusive

Four-year-old Sarah has seen her bald father wear several different kinds of hats. When her father bought a toupee and put it on in front of Sarah, she sad, "Daddy's got a new hat." Sarah's understanding of the toupee illustrates Piaget's concept of

assimilation

Gabriella's mom is very involved in her life, has set definite rules for her behavior, and has open communication with her about these rules. As a result, Gabriella is very independent and socially responsible. According to Diana Baumrind, Gabriella's mom's parenting style would be classified as

authoritative

To determine Rajiv's, attachment style, the researcher puts him in a room with his Mom, and Rajiv begins to play with the toys. His mom leaves the room, and then a stranger inters. Rajiv notices these changes, but does not respond. He continues to play. Rajiv's attachment style would be considered

avoidant

The repeated consonant-an-vowel sounds made by 2-month-old Curran would be known as

babbles

One element that shapes personality is temperament, which is related to self-regulation and is

biologically based

The development of a grammatical sign language by deaf Nicaraguan students is primarily credited to

children 10 years old or younger who possessed a great desire to communicate with other students

A person's willingness to stay in a relationship no matter what- to "stick it out" even in hard times- is related to which component of love, according to Robert Sternberg?

commitment

In Europe during the Middle Ages and into the seventh century, people with serious mental disorders were generally considered to be

conspiring with the devil

In the model of Robert Sternberg, what kind of love is marked by passion, commitment, and intimacy all at the same time?

consummate love

The primary purpose of the strange-situation test is to

determine an infant's attachment style to a caregiver

What was previously known as multiple personality disorder is now known as

dissociative identity disorder

Kevin enjoys interacting with people, is seen as a leader, and is very popular. On what personality trait would Kevin rank highly?

extraversion

Being able to reason like a mature adult is in which of Piaget's developmental stages

formal operational

What are some reasons humans prefer attractiveness in a mate?

humans "date up" by seeking out mates that are more attractive than they are, unattractiveness can signal that an individual has genes that are ill-suited to the environment, attractiveness is a signal of mate quality

Piaget's idea of egocentrism refers to a child's

inability to take the perspective of a person other than themselves

Exposing participants to weak arguments before presenting them with strong persuasive messages helps participants resist persuasion. What is this effect called?

inoculation

Renee Bailargeon showed 3-month-olds a possible event (a solid screen obscuring a solid object) and an impossible event (a solid screen passing through a solid object). In the experiment, Bailargeon's infants looked

longer at the impossible than at the possible event

Celine has been having difficulty sleeping, cannot seem to concentrate at work, is sad most of the time, and seems to have lost interest in things that she used to enjoy. Which disorder is Celine most likely suffering from?

major depressive disorder

The term schizophrenia comes from the Greek for split mind, which refers to a split among

mental processes such as attention, thought, memory, emotion and so on

Theory of ______ refers to a child's growing understanding of how another person's mental states can affect that person's behavior

mind

Whenever Marta is around an infant, she always finds herself speaking in very simple sentences in a high-pitched voice. Marta is demonstrating

motherese

With regard to the "nature vs Nurture" debate, which of the following outcomes seems to be the final conclusion to this age-old question?

nature and nurture both work together to produce cognitive development

Conformity that results from a concern about what others think of us is called ________ influence

normative

Kyle is so preoccupied with avoiding germs that he washes his hands as many as 20 times an hour. Kyle most likely suffers from

obsessive-compulsive disorder

What resolution have developmental psychologists come to when it comes to the nature vs. nurture debate?

our biological endowment, along with our social and physical environments, interact to determine developmental outcomes

The __________ component of love is comprised of physiological and emotional arousal. It can include physical attraction, emotional responses that promote physiological changes, and sexual arousal

passion

According to Robert Sternberg's theory, love is comprised of three different components. What are they?

passion, commitment, intimacy

after serving two terms in Afghanistan, Kurt is suffering from insomnia, is agitated and jumpy, and has intrusive thoughts that cause great distress. Kurt is most likely suffering from

post-traumatic stress disorder

In what scenario is Tiffany using the reciprocity norm as a means of compliance?

providing a stranger with a free candy bar, then asking for a donation

What is the most important aspect of a child's ability to develop depth perception (demonstrated by the fact that the absence of this factor can lead to depth perception problems later in life)?

receiving patterned light

Intentionally harming another person's social relationships, feelings or acceptance, or inclusion within a group is called __________ aggression

relation

Intentionally harming another person's social relationships, feelings of acceptance, or inclusion within a group is called _______ aggression

relational

While 2-year-old Yuri explores games and toys in a toy store, she constantly looks back at her father's expression for clues about what objects are okay to touch. Looking to her father for indications of how to act is called

social referencing

According to the cognitive behavioral theory depression, depression-prone individuals tend to attribute their negative experiences to causes that are:

stable and global

Elsa purchased concert tickets about two months ago. Today is the concert but it's raining out, meaning Elsa would have to purchase an umbrella and rain boots if she can still wants to go. Why is Elsa still likely to be persuaded to attend the concert?

sunk cost

The grammatical rules that dictate the proper method for combining words and expressions together for the purpose of communication is called

syntax

A presidential candidate states that the opposition "does not have the presidential look", rather than discuss other qualifications. Which psychological principle is this candidate tapping into in an attempt to sway voters?

the attractiveness halo effect

Noam Chomsky's concept of an innate language-acquisition device is supported by what?

the existence of genetic disorders and patterns of brain damage that affects learning of specific aspects of language, findings about the development of creole languages, from pidgins to true language, the emergence of a new sign language among the deaf community of Nicaragua

Researchers believe that humans are attracted to characteristics that are good markers of reproductive quality. This belief is known as

the good genes hypothesis

Thomas has been married for a long time. One day, he notices that features he once perceived as flaws have now become endearing: the gap between his spouse's teeth, the funny gait, the pair of crooked ears... thinking back on his General Psychology class, Thomas attributes this change to

the mere exposure effect

What factors influence conformity?

the size of the group, the collectivist culture of the group, the unanimity of the group

What rare linguistic event occurred in Nicaragua in the early 1980s?

the spontaneous development of a true sign language among the country's deaf community

The ability to understand one's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors and those of others is called

theory of mind

According to British psychoanalyst John Bowlby, what is the primary function of an attachment behavior system

to regulate between a person and their attachment figure