General Psychology Test #2 (Part 1)
Victoria has accumulated a large sleep debt. This means that she ________. A. falls asleep in the middle of the day B. sleeps more than 12 hours in a 24-hour period C. suffers from chronic sleep deprivation D. suffers from insomnia due to large amounts of debt
C. suffers from chronic sleep deprivation
Which of the following is not a risk factor for SIDS? A. above average birth weight B. hyperthermia C. premature birth D. smoking in the home
A. above average birth weight
People often report that they have not been asleep if they are awoken during stage ________ sleep. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
A. 1
Which researcher believed that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer? A. Carl Jung B. John Hobson C. Rosalind Cartwright D. Sigmund Freud
C. Rosalind Cartwright
________ involves a virtual reality model of the world. A. lucid dreaming B. manifest content C. protoconsciousness D. stage 1 sleep
C. protoconsciousness
How many of the five stages of sleep are considered NREM sleep? A. one B. two C. three D. four
D. four
Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ________ cycles are aligned with the outside world. A. circadian B. external C. melatonin D. rhythm
A. circadian
The sleep cycle is an example of a(n) ________ rhythm. A. circadian B. external C. protoconscious D. stimulus
A. circadian
What occurs during stage 1 sleep? A. Both our respiration and heartbeat quicken. B. Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down. C. Our respiration quickens while our heartbeat slows down. D. Our respiration slows down while our heartbeat quickens.
B. Both our respiration and heartbeat slow down
Regular feelings of hunger are an example of a(n) ________ rhythm. A. axon B. biological C. heterostatic D. suprachiasmatic
B. biological
Which of the following would be experienced during a euphoric high? A. feelings of despair B. feelings of intense elation and pleasure C. intense tactile sensation D. time distortion
B. feelings of intense elation and pleasure
Mescaline is considered a ________ drug because it results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences. A. depressant B. hallucinogenic C. opioid D. stimulant
B. hallucinogenic
Katia is experiencing a state of extreme self-focus and attention. Her brother is trying to get her attention, but she ignores him. Her phone is buzzing, but she doesn't notice. This state was induced through ________. A. cognitive behavioral therapy B. hypnosis C. K-complex manipulation D. methamphetamines
B. hypnosis
Which of the following is a symptom of REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)? A. crying while asleep B. kicking and punching while asleep C. snoring while asleep D. talking while asleep
B. kicking and punching while asleep
Which of the following is not a benefit associated with adequate amounts of sleep? A. improving mood B. less exposure to carcinogens C. lower stress levels D. maintaining healthy weight
B. less exposure to carcinogens
In a ________ dream, people become aware that they are dreaming and can control the dream's content. A. K-complex B. lucid C. REM D. theta wave
B. lucid
Which of the following is an example of a synthetic opioid? A. coffee B. methadone C. methamphetamine D. nicotine
B. methadone
Cataplexy is a symptom associated with ________. A. insomnia B. narcolepsy C. night terrors D. restless leg syndrome
B. narcolepsy
NREM sleep is a period of sleep ________. A. associated with lucid dreaming B. outside periods of REM sleep C. that always occurs immediately after REM sleep D. that overlaps REM sleep
B. outside periods of REM sleep
Sleepwalking, night terrors, and restless leg syndrome are all examples of________. A. lucid dreaming B. parasomnias C. protoconsciousness D. somnambulism
B. parasomnias
Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when ________. A. A disruption in signals that regulate breathing, which are sent from the brain, cause periods of interrupted breathing. B. An individual dreams she cannot breathe and wakes up in a panic. C. An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep. D. Signals sent from the brain that regulate breathing are blocked in the hypothalamus.
C. An individual's airway becomes blocked during sleep.
Which of these statements about Rosalind Cartwright is false? A. Her analysis of dreams is not Freudian. B. Her ideas about dreams are supported empirically. C. She is a Jungian dream analyst. D. She is a sleep and dream researcher.
C. She is a Jungian dream analyst.
Which of the following statements about sleep deprivation is false? A. Sleep deprivation can result in decreased mental alertness and cognitive function. B. Sleep deprivation is associated with obesity. C. Sleep deprivation often results in ADHD. D. Sleep deprivation often results in depression-like symptoms.
C. Sleep deprivation often results in ADHD.
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "The consequences of sleep debt include increased levels of alertness and mental efficiency." A. The word "alertness" should be changed to the word "vigilance." B. The word "consequences" should be changed to the word "benefits." C. The word "increased" should be changed to the word "decreased." D. The word "mental" should be changed to the word "biological."
C. The word "increased" should be changed to the word "decreased."
Bev likes to be up late at night and sleep in; Caleb likes to wake up with the sun and go to bed early. A psychologist would say they have different ________. A. chromotropes B. chronologies C. chronotypes D. chromatins
C. chronotypes
Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. This is an example of ________. A. physical dependence B. psychological dependence C. tolerance D. withdrawal
C. tolerance
Which of the following statements about rotating shift work is false? A. It can result in sleeping problems. B. It refers to a work schedule that changes from early to late on a regular basis. C. It renders the maintenance of a normal circadian cycle difficult. D. It will probably lead to substance abuse.
D. It will probably lead to substance abuse.
The social cognitive theory of hypnosis suggests that ________. A. Hypnosis is essentially an associated state of consciousness. B. No one can actually be hypnotized. C. People can hypnotize themselves if they try hard enough. D. People in hypnotic states are performing the social role of a hypnotized person.
D. People in hypnotic states are performing the social role of a hypnotized person.
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? The brain's clock mechanism is located in an area of the hypothalamus known as the pineal nucleus. A. The word "clock" should be changed to the word "chronometer." B. The word "clock" should be changed to the word "circadian." C. The word "nucleus" should be changed to the word "gland." D. The word "pineal" should be changed to the word "suprachiasmatic."
D. The word "pineal" should be changed to the word "suprachiasmatic."
Which of the following statements about sleep-wake cycles is false? A. Brain areas involved in sleep-wake cycles include the thalamus, hypothalamus, and pons. B. Melatonin initiates the waking cycle. C. Sleep is associated with the secretion and regulation of a number of hormones. D. They are controlled by multiple brain areas acting together.
B. Melatonin initiates the waking cycle.
Physical dependence on a drug is indicated by the user experiencing ________ as a result of discontinuing use of the drug. A. a return to normal performance levels B. changes in normal bodily function C. psychological distress D. psychological stress
B. changes in normal bodily function
Sleep apnea is defined by ________. A. a sense of panic in the sufferer often accompanied by screams and attempts to escape B. episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops C. uncomfortable sensations in the legs during periods of inactivity or when trying to fall asleep D. unwanted, disruptive motor activity and/or experiences during sleep
B. episodes during which a sleeper's breathing stops
Which theorist suggested that dreaming may represent a state of protoconsciousness? A. Carl Jung B. John Hobson C. Rosalind Cartwright D. Sigmund Freud
B. John Hobson
Which of the following is an example of wakefulness? A. Jemma, competing in a marathon B. Mercy, unconscious after being hit on the head C. Petro, immediately before entering REM sleep D. Samuel, sleepwalking in the middle of the night
A. Jemma, competing in a marathon
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "States of consciousness do not vary over the course of the day." A. Remove the phrase "do not." B. The word "consciousness" should be changed to the word "dependence." C. The word "day" should be changed to the word "week." D. The word "vary" should be changed to the word "differ."
A. Remove the phrase "do not."
Shyla experiences a long delay between the time that she goes to bed and the time that she actually falls asleep. In addition, she wakes up several times during the night and has difficulty getting back to sleep. To diagnose Shyla with insomnia, it is necessary that she experiences these symptoms________. A. at least three nights a week for one month B. even after taking medication C. every time she attempts to sleep D. three nights in a row
A. at least three nights a week for one month
While ________ is generally achieved through the interaction of a therapist and the person being treated, an individual can perform ________ alone. A. hypnosis; meditation B. meditation; hypnosis C. meditation; somnambulism D. somnambulism; meditation
A. hypnosis; meditation
Hamid is a 9-1-1 operator. When the blizzard began, he was told he would have to stay and work three extra shifts to cover for coworkers who were not able to drive to work through the storm. After 32 hours of exhausting work, he makes it home and discovers he is unable to fall asleep no matter how hard he tries. Hamid may be experiencing ________. A. electroencephalography B. K-complex stimulation C. lucid dreaming D. sleep rebound
D. sleep rebound
Shoresh suggests that Ted cluck like a chicken during the hypnosis not because he is experiencing an altered state of consciousness but because he is playing the role of a hypnotized person. This is a good example of the ________ theory of hypnotism. A. cognitive-behavioral B. dissociative C. hypnotic mediation D. social-cognitive
D. social-cognitive
Cocaine is considered a ________ drug because it tends to increase overall levels of neural activity. A. antipsychotic B. depressant C. hallucinogen D. stimulant
D. stimulant
After Omar falls asleep he feels a sense of panic, screams, and attempts to escape from his room. Which parasomnia does Omar have? A. night terrors B.REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) C. restless leg syndrome D. sleep apnea
A. night terrors
Ali is aware of his feelings, emotions, and thoughts. He is also aware of his surroundings, the warmth of the sun, and the sound of nearby traffic. Ali is in a state of ________. A. conscience B. consciousness C. REM sleep D. unconsciousness
B. consciousness
________theory suggests that when people are hypnotized they have voluntarily divided their conscious: one half aware of reality and the other half tuned in to the hypnotist. A. cognitive behavioral B. dissociative C. Jungian D. social-cognitive
B. dissociative
Which psychological perspective might advance the argument that our sleep patterns evolved as an adaptive response to predatory risks, which are higher during periods of darkness? A. cognitive behavioral B. dependent C. evolutionary D. Freudian
C. evolutionary
Feeling pain, hunger, thirst, sleepiness, and being aware of our thoughts and emotions are all examples of ________ stimuli. A. external B. hypnotic C. internal D. psychoactive
C. internal
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? "A theta wave is a very high amplitude pattern of brain activity that may in some cases occur in response to environmental stimuli." A. The word "high" should be changed to the word "low." B. The word "theta" should be changed to the word "alpha." C. The words "environmental stimuli" should be changed to the words "sleep spindles." D. The words "theta wave" should be changed to the phrase "K-complex."
D. The words "theta wave" should be changed to the phrase "K-complex."
The sleep debt is the result of _______. a. high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior b. insufficient sleep on a chronic basis c. the circadian rhythm d. travel from one time zone to another
b. insufficient sleep on a chronic basis
A theta wave is a type of _______. a. brain wave associated with critical thinking b. brain wave associated with sleep spindles c. low frequency, high amplitude brain wave d. low frequency, low amplitude brain wave
d. low frequency, low amplitude brain wave
Which state is marked by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness that is distinct from periods of rest while awake? a. circadian rhythm b. consciousness c. jet lag d. sleep
d. sleep
Which theorist described dreams as having manifest and latent content? a. Carl Jung b. John Hobson c. Rosalind Cartwright d. Sigmund Freud
d. Sigmund Freud
Isla is describing her dream to a friend. She explains that in her dream she being chased by zombies and she escaped them by hiding in a refrigerator. Her description of her dream is focused on ________ content. A. Freudian B. Jungian C. latent D. manifest
D. manifest
Which term describes the tendency to maintain a balance, or optimal level, within a biological system? a. homeostasis b. insomnia c. melatonin d. rhythm
a. Homeostasis
The _____ wave is characteristic of stage 1 sleep. a. alpha b. beta c. delta d. kappa
a. alpha
In what stage of sleep do sleep spindles appear? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
b. 2
Marlowe wakes up from a dream about his teeth falling out. He looks in a dream dictionary and finds losing teeth is usually dream symbolism for anxiety. Marlowe is focused on the ________ content. A. biological B. circadian C. latent D. manifest
C. latent
Nancy is aware that she is dreaming when she has a nightmare, so she concentrates and changes her dream from bad to good. This is a good example of ________ dreaming. A. external B. internal C. lucid D. stage 1
C. lucid
A state of ________, as shown by EEG recordings of new practitioners, is not an altered state of consciousness; however, patterns of brain waves exhibited by expert practitioners may represent a unique state of consciousness. A. cognizance B. insomnia C. meditation D. narcolepsy
C. meditation
Samek was driving to work when he suddenly felt paralyzed and couldn't resist falling asleep. Samek may have ________. A. a stroke B. damage to his K-complex C. narcolepsy D.REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)
C. narcolepsy
Uncomfortable sensations in the leg during periods of inactivity are a symptom of ________ leg syndrome. A. agitated B. nervous C.REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) D. restless
D. restless
While the American Heart Association (AHA) suggests that meditation might be used in conjunction with more traditional treatments as a way to manage hypertension, ________. A. research demonstrates that hypnosis is more effective in treating hypertension B. research demonstrates that mediation actually increases hypertension C. the AHA is under the influence of the anti-pharmaceutical movement D. there is not adequate empirical support for its effectiveness
D. there is not adequate empirical support for its effectiveness