general surgery

large intestine order including the flexures

cecum, ascending colon, hepatic flexure, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid, rectum

small intestine structure

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Eviceration

Protrusion of an internal organ through a wound or surgical incision

Trendelenburg position

The body is laid flat on the back (supine position) with the feet higher than the head

friable

a descriptive term for tissue that means fragile and easily torn. eg spleen and liver

Cirrhosis

a disease of the liver in which the tissue hardens and the venous drainage becomes blocked. - caused by chronic alcoholism

carcinoma

a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue

Nissen fundoplication

a surgical technique used to suture the fundus of the stomach around the esophagus to prevent gastric reflux

exploratory laparotomy

abdominal operation for the purpose of examining the abdominal organs and tissues for signs of disease or other abnormalities

bile enters duodenum through

ampulla of vater

stoma

an opening created in the abdominal wall by an ostomy

what is the distal portion of the stomach

antrum

During laparotomy and laparoscopy, patients are

at a high risk for hypothermia.

morbid obesity

body mass index (BMI) of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight

modified radical mastectomy

the surgical removal of the entire breast and all of the axillary lymph nodes under the adjacent arm

the terminal end of the cecum has a slender tube called

vermiform appendix

the inner surface of the small intestine has a fingerlike projection called

villi

Incisional hernia

-The postoperative herniation of tissue into the tissue layers around an abdominal incision. -This may occur in the immediate postoperative period or later, after the incision has healed.

Abdominal peritoneum

-The serous membrane lining the walls of the abdominal cavity. -The retroperitoneum is the posterior aspect. In surgical discussions, abdominal usually refers to the anterior aspect.

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass

-bypass most of the stomach, -leaving small pouch to receive food -a part of the jejunum is reattached to the pouch to make food exit -the remaining jejunum limb is attached to the upper jejunum to allow gastric secretion to enter the intestines

large vessels are secured with what tie

0 or 2.0 tie / stick tie

esophagus in adult

10inches (25cm)

The ileum is how long?

13.5ft (4m)

the colon measures about

5ft (1.5m)

Duodenum is how long?

8-10 inches(20cm to 25cm)

Jejunum is how long?

9ft (2.7cm)

hook wire

A device used to pinpoint the exact location of a nonpalpable mass detected during a mammogram; also referred to as a hook needle. A fine wire is inserted into the mass during the examination, and the tissue around the needle is removed for pathological examination and definitive diagnosis.

skin flap

A flap that is created by incising the skin and cutting it away from the underlying tissue to which it is attached. The flap can be increased in size or "raised" as it is enlarged by dissection.

nasogastric tube

A flexible plastic tube running from the nose, through the esophagus, and into the stomach. It is used to either drain the stomach or to deliver medications and/or nutrients.

Billroth II procedure

A gastrojejunostomy, or surgical anastomosis, of the stomach and the jejunum.

strangulated hernia

A hernia in which abdominal tissue has become trapped between the layers of an abdominal wall defect. The strangulated tissue usually becomes swollen as a result of venous congestion. Lack of blood supply can lead to tissue necrosis.

direct inguinal hernia

A hernia that results from weakness in the inguinal floor.

Exploratomy laparotomy

A laparotomy is performed to exmaine the abdominal cavity when less invasive measures fail to confirm a diagnosis.

Bowel technique

A method of preventing cross-contamination between the bowel contents and the abdominal cavity.

sentinel lymph node biopsy

A procedure in which one or more lymph nodes are removed to determine whether a tumor has metastasized

laparotomy

A procedure in which the abdominal cavity is surgically opened. The techniques used for laparotomy are used for all open surgical procedures of the abdomen.

subcutaneous mastectomy

A procedure in which the breast is removed, but the skin, nipple, and areola are left intact; -also called a lumpectomy.

hernia

A protrusion of tissue under the skin through a weakened area of the body wall.

Technetium-99

A radioactive substance used to identify sentinel lymph nodes.

linea alba

A strip of avascular tissue that follows the midline and extends from the pubis to the xiphoid process.

gastrostomy

A surgical opening through the stomach wall connecting to the outside of the body or another hollow anatomical structure.

anastomosis

A surgical procedure in which two hollow structures are joined.

Stoma appliance

A two- or three-piece medical device used to collect drainage from a stoma. The appliance is attached to the patient's skin and completely covers the stoma. This allows free drainage into a collection device or bag.

Ventral hernia

A weakness in the abdominal wall, usually resulting in protrusion of abdominal viscera against the peritoneum and abdominal fascia.

fistula

An abnormal tract or passage leading from one organ to another or from an organ to the skin; usually caused by infection.

McBurney incision

An incision in which the oblique right muscle is manually split to allow removal of the appendix.

Billroth I

Anastomosis of the remaining portion of the stomach to the duodenum. - also called gastroduodenostomy

segmental resection

Anatomical resection of the liver in which segments divided by specific blood vessels and biliary ducts are removed.

pancreatic duct is also called

Duct of Wirsung

Esophagoduodenoscopy

Endoscope is used to look at the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

the liver is encapsulated by a thick fibrous sheath called

Glisson capsule

incarcerated hernia

Herniated tissue that is trapped in an abdominal wall defect. Incarcerated tissue requires emergency surgery to prevent ischemia and tissue necrosis.

dialators for esophagus are

Maloney, salary and ballon type

hemorrhoidectomy

excision of hemorrhoids, the swollen or distended veins in the rectal region

the liver is separated into two lobe by

falciform ligament

when anastomosing the mucosa and submucosa, what suture is used

fine absorbable 3.0 or 4.0 suture on a taper needle

babcock are used to

grasp intestinal tissue.

the vascular supply of the liver is derived from

hepatic artery and hepatic portal vien

the tail of the pancreas lies near the

hilus of the spleen

the liver is drained by the hepatic vien which connects to

inferior vena cava

endoscopy

insertion of a flexible tube into a natural opening in the body

ostomy

is a procedure in which a portion of the intestines is divide and the open end is secured to the skin, draining bowel and urine content outside the body

anastomosis

is a surgical connection between two hollow, or tubular, structures

End-to-end anastomosis

is the joining of two ends of bowel where they terminate

insulin and glucagon are produced by

islet of lengerhans

What is in retroperitoneal cavity?

kidneys, adrenal glands and ureters

during the resection of the jejunum and ileum what should be clamped and divided

mesentery

what supplied blood to the lower section of the small intestine

mesentery

what attaches the greater and lesser curvature of the stomach and covers the intestinal fold, providing warmth and protection to the viscera

omentum

whenever a portion of the stomach is removed the _____ is separated

omentum

-ostomy (suffix)

opening between two hallow organs

viscera

organs or tissue of the abdominal cavity

sigmoid colon lies in what cavity

pelvic cavity

Side-to-side anastomosis

performed by aligning two linear parts of the bowel - linear stapler is required

food travels down esophagus by

peristalsis (contractions)

Subhepatic space lies between

peritoneal covering on the liver and right kidney

the esophagus extends from

pharynx to stomach

synthetic mesh is made of synthetic material like

prolene, dacron and mersilence

what kind of suturing is used for appendectomy

purse string suture

the abdomen is divided into four major sections called

quadrants

Hesselbach's triangle borders

rectus abdominus, inguinal ligament, inferior epigastric vessels direct hernia through triangle

ileostomy

refers to the opening between the ileum and the outside abdominal wall for drainage

hemicolectomy

removal of a section of diseased colon and restoring continuity to the intestines.

lobectomy

removal of one or more anatomical section of the lung or liver

the pelvic cavity contains ?

reproductive organs, genitourinary(bladder) and lower GI systems(rectum)

Indirect inguinal hernia

result in protrusion of the abdominal viscera into the inguinal canal from the deep inguinal ring. -in female it can protrude to the labia -in male it can extend through the superficial ting within the spermatic cord and into the scrotum.

Nine regions of the abdomen

right hypochondriac, epigastric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac

the anterior surface of the liver which is in contact with the diaphragm is referred to as

right or left subphrenic sopace

sutures used on hernia repair

silk and polyester, prolene

when anastomosing the Serosa layer of GI tract, what suture is used

silk or synthetic material on a taper needle

Sutures used for the peritoneum

size 0 absorbable synthetic on a curved needle running suture

sutures for fascia

size 0 and 2-0 synthetic braided suture such as polyester in a cutting or taper needle may be used.

Layers of the abdominal wall

skin-subcutaneous(fatty tissue)-fascia- muscle- peritoneum-

the sphinter located at the distal end of the common bile duct that open into the duodenum

sphincter of oddi

mastectomy

surgical removal of a breast except the lymph node - also called simple mastectomy

appendectomy

surgical removal of the appendix

sutures for skin

synthetic absorbable like monocrly

suture for subcutaneous fat

synthetic absorbable suture like dexon 3.0 on a taper need

sutures for muscle

synthetic absorbable sutures size 2.0 or 3.0 interrupted sutures

Reverse Trendelenburg

the body is laid flat on the back with the head higher than the feet

because hypothermia is a risk during a laparotomy and a laparoscopic procedure, _________ is therefore a high priority for the patient safety during all abdominal procedure

thermoregulation

reduce

to manipulate herniated tissue back into its normal anatomical position