Genghis Khan

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Voltaire

(1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church.

Ulugh Beg

Central Asian astronomer-king who brought about the creation of the Samarkand Tables, which compiled a very large amount of astronomic data.

Jochi

Eldest son of Genghis Khan and Borte. legitimacy was always questioned because of his conception time.

Hazara

Ethnic minority group of Afghanistan, descendants of Mongoloids, Shi'ite Muslims

Juvaini

wrote the first comprehensive account of the rise of the Mongols under Genghis Khan. His work inspired the work of Rashid al-Din, who produced a history of the world that was published in a number of beautifully illustrated editions.

Tamerlane

He is very much like Ghengis Khan; a military leader who conquered the lands of Persia; his empire was decentralized with tribal leaders.

Jawaharlal Nehru

Indian statesman. He succeeded Mohandas K. Gandhi as leader of the Indian National Congress. He negotiated the end of British colonial rule in India and became India's first prime minister (1947-1964).

Giovanni di Plano Carpini

John of Plano Carpini or Joannes de Plano, was a medieval Italian diplomat, archbishop and explorer and one of the first Europeans to enter the court of the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire

Ikh Khorig

Known from the secret history of the mongols, this is where Genghis Khan is buried

Ong Khan

Leader of the Kereyids that Temujin joins forces with after he is caught by his enemy

Juzjani

Minhajuddin bin Sirajuddin, was a 13th-century Persian historian born in the Ghurid capital city of Firuzkuh, which was located in Ghor Province. In 1227, Juzjani migrated to Ucch then to Delhi

Tatars

Mongols; captured Russian cities and largely destroyed Kievan state in 1236; left Russian Orthodoxy and aristocracy intact

Khuriltai

Name of the Mongols' assembly that gathered to acclaim the new leader after he had defeated his rivals. Not an electoral body.

Secret History of the Mongols

Primary source of Mongol history written by a Mongol who may have been close to Genghis Khan

Robert Chambers

Publisher. Published his own book that Darwin looked at but did not agree with its conclusion. Phrenologist - pseudoscience of skull size

Khubilai Khan

Reigned in China after establishing the Yuan Dynasty; he actively promoted Buddhism; descendant of Chinggis Khan.

Subutai

Subutai was a Mongolian general and the primary military strategist of Genghis Khan and Ögedei Khan. He directed more than 20 campaigns and won 65 pitched battles, during which he conquered or overran more territory than any other commander in history as part of the expansion of the Mongol Empire.

Ordu

A port city in Turkey

Burkhan Khaldun

god mountain; located in khentii range

Toregene

the Great Khatun and regent of the Mongol Empire from the death of her husband Ögedei Khan in 1241 until the election of her eldest son Güyük Khan in 1246.

Ogodei

the third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan (Khagan) of the Mongol Empire by succeeding his father. He continued the expansion of the empire that his father had begun, and was a world figure when the Mongol Empire reached its furthest extent west and south during the invasions of Europe and Asia.

Genghis Khan

Also known as Temujin; he united the Mongol tribes into an unstoppable fighting force; created largest single land empire in history.

Marco Polo

Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.

Fatima

Daughter of Muhammad

Temujin

Genghis Khan

Arik Boke

was the seventh and youngest son of Tolui and a grandson of Genghis Khan

Prester John

A mythical Christian monarch whose kingdom supposedly had been cut off from Europe by the Muslim conquests; some thought he was Chinggis Khan.

Jamuka

Genghis' friend; become enemies b/c he thought there should be aristocracy (hereditary) but Genghis wants meritocracy

Hulegu

Grandson of Chinggis Khan and ruler of Ilkhan khanate; captured and destroyed Abbasid Baghdad.

Guyuk

Great Khan of the Mongol Empire (1246-1248); son of Ogodei (Sent letters to pope of England)

Khwarizm

a Central Asian kingdom. Shows example of Chinggis's cruelty as the ruler offended Khan which led to their cities being destroyed and their civilians used as human shields

Sorkhoktani

a Keraite princess and daughter-in-law of Genghis Khan. Married to Tolui, Genghis' youngest son, Sorghaghtani Beki became one of the most powerful and competent people in the Mongol Empire.

Changhatai

a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan, second son of Genghis Khan and his descendants and successors

Guillaume Boucher

a goldsmith who lived during the early and middle decades of the thirteenth century; at one point went to Budapest from Paris; but then he got captured; they liked his talents and what-not, and decided to take him along with their various other skilled captives; he made a lot of pretty stuff and even though he was kind of a slave, he was still had servants and what-not; his wife was French

Assassins

a person who murders a public figure, such as a government leader

Keraits/Kereyids

one of the five dominant Mongol or Turco-Mongol tribal confederations in the Altai-Sayan region during the 12th century

Merkids

one of the five major tribal confederations of probably Mongol or Turkic origin later Mongolized in the 12th century Mongolian Plateau

Batu

ruler of the golden horde; one of Chinggis Khan's grandsons; responsible for the invasion of Russia beginning in 1236.

Tolui

the fourth son of Genghis Khan by his chief khatun Börte. His ulus, or territorial inheritance, at his father's death in 1227 was the homelands in Mongolia, and he also served as civil administrator until 1229

Oghul Ghaimish

the principal wife of Güyük Khan and ruled as regent over the Mongol Empire after the death of her husband in 1248. She was a descendant of the Mergid tribe.


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