geo final

Which of the following is NOT the condition for joint (crack) formation?

When rock is hot enough to flow

Hot-spot volcanoes ______. • Can arise from the ocean floor • Can arise on continents • May arise in the interior of lithospheric plates

all of the above

Which of the following is a factor that changes the Earth system through time? • Astenosphere • The sun • Gravity • Biological processes

all of the above

Which of the following statements is NOT true? -Ocean waves slow down in shallow water because of friction at the bottom -Beaches consist only on sand -Main energy source of hurricanes is the warm moisture from ocean -Salty water is denser than less salty water

beaches only consist of sand

When in contact with hydrochloric acid, which minerals gives off bubbles of carbon dioxide gas?

calicite

Rock or sediment with water-filled pores, wherein upward percolation is blocked by an overlying, impermeable later, is termed ______.

confined aquifer

The shallowest portion of the ocean is found along the margins of continents in regions termed?

continental shelves

Natural glasses is not considered a mineral because it ______.

does not have fixed crystalline structure

The point on the Earth's surface directly above the point where an earthquake occurs is termed the _____.

epicenter

Playas are places where you would expect to find abundant _____ exposed at the surface.

evaporates

Because glacial flow is driven by gravity, it is impossible for glaciers to flow over perfectly flat terrain.

false

Due to global warming, the Earth is now warmer than it ever has been in geologic history.

false

Clastic sedimentary rocks are primarily classified on the basis of _____.

grain size

Hawaii is an example of ____.

hot-spot volcanism

Sinkholes are a concern primarily for residents whose dwellings are constructed atop ______.

limestone

Which of the following is NOT involved in the Milankovitch cycle?

periodic changes in the number of sunspots

Which of the following factor is not a likely cause of ice ages in a relatively short time? (key is in the short time all are likely to cause ice ages)

plate tectonics

The location where water enters the ground and flows down is called the ____.

recharger area

What is not a cyclic

sunspot cycle

The hole in the ozone layer has been brought about by anthropogenic emissions of ______.

Chloroflucorocarbs (CFC)

Today, continental glaciers are limited to Antarctica and ________.

Greeland

Which of the following statements is not true?

If a body of magma becomes more felsic, its viscosity will decrease.

Which of the following statements is not true? • Rip currents flow directly toward the shoreline (they flow perpendicular) • Long shore currents flow parallel to the shoreline • Sand groins increase erosion rates in the region down current form the groin • Because of wave refraction, erosion along an irregular coastline is greatest in headlands. (points of land projected out toward the sea)

Rip currents flow directly toward the shoreline (they flow perpendicular)

Native Americas produced petroglyphs by etching into ____.

Rocks that had been coasted with desert varnish

Which of the following statements is not true? • The deserts found in the western US form primarily due to the rain shadow of one or more mountain ranges. • The Sahara of Africa is a desert primarily because it is located in the subtropics • The Atacama of Chile is a desert primarily because it is located near the geographic South Pole • The Gobi of Mongolia is a desert primarily because it is located near the center of a large continent.

The Atacama of Chile is a desert primarily because it is located near the geographic South Pole

Which of the following statements is not true?

The two most common elements in the crust of Earth are oxygen and hydrogen. (oxygen and silicone)

A shield is an older, interior region of a continent.

true

Cold water is denser than warm water

true

During heavy rainfalls, rates of physical weathering and erosion are greater in deserts than in humid regions.

true

Extensive pumping of fresh groundwater from a coastal aquifer can induce saline intrusion.

true