Geog 100

Ancient empires of Mesopotamia included Akkadian, Babylonia, Sumer, and:

Assyria.

Most developed countries are located in the Northern Hemisphere. Which of the following are notable exceptions?

Australia and New Zealand

A development program such as building a community garden is implemented at what type of scale?

B. Local

Development is defined and measured in different ways. Geographers tend to look at development as change in the composition and strength of an economy and improvement in the wellbeing of its inhabitants relative to:

B. other areas of the world.

What is the name of the technique that reveals indigenous knowledge of resources and relationships?

B.Mental maps

What is considered a negative aspect of international development?

B.Unintended consequences

Which of the following is considered a problem with international development programs?

B.Unintended consequences

The division of Africa into many colonial spheres and states happened at the _______ Conference in 1884 -1885.

Berlin

he Arabian Peninsula, Egypt, Palestine, and Jordan were controlled by the _______________ until the early mid-twentieth century.

British

At what point in time did geographers begin to view the theory of environmental determinism as deeply flawed?

C.1940s

Which of the following was a precursor to fair trade?

C.Consumer boycotts

Which term describes the idea that manufactured goods need to be produced at home rather than imported from the core countries?

C.Import substitution

A coffee farmer in Colombia receives very little for his crop, but his product is sold in a store down the street for much more per pound that what he was paid. What is this an example of?

C.Unequal exchange

.Until the 1970s most development assistance was focused on improving the welfare of

C.a generic population.

Mental maps are made by memory based on _____ of individuals or groups:

C.experiences

Development experts can use the mental maps of people in a community where they are working to make sure development programs operate with the way people live, work and function at this scale:

C.local

The general theory that suggests that the European industrial economy was the ideal or pinnacle stage of development is often referred to as

C.modernization

Rostow's ladder of development is often in the minds of people who identify wealthier world regions as "industrialized" and poorer world regions as "agricultural." Geographers who follow Wallerstein's world-systems theory reject Rostow's ladder of development because:

C.what you produce (industrial or agricultural) is not as important in development as how you produce it (core or peripheral processes).

Which Arab city has the largest population?

Cairo

Situation is the location of a place relative to its:

Context

Globalization is the set of processes heightening interactions, increasing interdependence, and deepening relationships that:

Cross Country Boarders

What is the general term for the process of change in the composition of an economy of a particular region and the well-being of its inhabitants relative to other areas?

D. Development

What does the term Scramble for Africa refer to?

European powers arbitrarily divided the world's second-largest continent among themselves.

."Double exposure" refers to the simultaneous processes of economic and cultural change in a community.

False

The anthropocene is the current geologic era in which _____ play(s) a major role in shaping Earth's environment.

Humans

Which of the following religions teach that interest should not be charged for lending money?

Islam

What is the only landlocked country in Southeast Asia?

Laos

The earliest cities in Southwest Asia and North Africa began about 4000 BCE in:

Mesopotamia.

The major rivers responsible for much of the life and agriculture in Southwest Asia and North Africa are the Euphrates and:

Nile and Tigris.

In mainland Southeast Asia, a major part of the informal economy is trade in:

Opium and herion

The uniqueness of a location and its shaping refers to:

Place

The leading crude oil exporter in Southwest Asia and North Africa is the kingdom of: .

Saudi Arabia

Geography is the study of people, place, environment, and:

Space

What do abstract connections and constructs of time, distance, and relations refer to?

Space

In reference to Southeast Asia as a region of the world, ASEAN stands for:

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations

What is the practical result of the UN Security Council being dominated by only five countries (the United States, France, the United Kingdom, China, and Russia) with permanent seats and veto power?

The Security Council's decisions are some of the most politicized.

In which plateau does the Mekong originate?

Tibetan

Weak globalization sees globalization as a long-standing process, dating back to times of trading in the 1500s.

True

In 1945, following the world wars, this organization had 51 member countries; in 2015, membership has grown to 193 members.

United Nations (UN)

As a country or area develops, the nature of the economy changes or progresses through a series of stages. Select the correct order of these stages.

agricultural, industrial, service

The divide between the Global North (developed countries) and the Global South (developing countries) is a _______________ categorization between wealthy and poorer countries.

both socioeconomic and political

If you traveled in South Asia in the summer months, you could see evidence of the summer monsoon in all of the following except:

days of mourning or sorrow mark the first rains of the monsoon season.

Bangladesh is susceptible to flooding from the wet monsoon and cyclones. Aside from the low elevation and high poverty, researchers found high death rates because:

discriminatory eating practices result in women being undernourished.

Other than the ITCZ, another important factor affecting climate in Subsaharan Africa is:

elevation

In the highlands, what is the primary determining factor for climate?

elevation or altitude

Geographers went through their own period where they used environmental differences to explain everything from intelligence to wealth. What is this set of theories called?

environmental determinism

The map of world religions demonstrates the role of ______________ diffusion of ideas.

expansion

Several components in the atmosphere are responsible for the greenhouse effect, including water vapor, methane, ozone, nitrous oxides, carbon dioxide, and other trace gases. Collectively, these are known as:

greenhouse gases

The origin or place that a new good or service is initially produced is referred to as the:

hearth

Which of the following is a term often used by geographers to describe the dominance of one state on the global stage?

hegemon

If you were in a remote village in South Asia, you could notice globalization in the cultural landscape in all of the following except:

heirloom seeds being preserved during harvest to be planted the next year.

In the Saharan region of Africa, including the Subsaharan states such as Niger, Mali, and Chad, what is the most common religion?

islam

Identify the correct trade flow in the triangular trading system amongst Europe → Africa → the Americas → Europe, which ultimately helped establish the foundations of the capitalized world economy.

manufactured goods, slaves, commodities (cotton, tobacco, rice, etc.)

When migrants leave home for a new place, they take part of their home culture with them through:

relocation diffusion.

The Sepoy Rebellion took place in 1857 outside of Delhi, India. After the rebellion ended, the situation changed in South Asia because:

the British government began to directly colonize South Asia instead of using the British East India Company as their proxy.

he main difference between weak globalization and strong globalization is:

the weak globalization view holds that globalization is a long standing process that began in the 1500s and the strong globalization view holds that globalization is significantly different from what came before and began intensively in the 1970s.

European colonizers typically chose the site of colonial cities in Subsaharan Africa for all of the following reasons except:

to be close to airports.

Which of the following offers a geography for dependency theory by depicting the world in terms of the core, semi-periphery, and periphery?

world-systems theory

Globalization of the world's people and places began about:

1500

Indonesia is composed of over _____ islands that stretch over 3,000 miles from west to east and a population that speaks over ____ vernacular or local languages.

17,000; 600

In the 1930s in southern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, more than 98 percent of the people were indigenous, and they were apportioned about _____ percent of the land.

30

Southeast Asia is located on the Pacific Ring of Fire where plate boundaries meet and where about _____ percent of the world's earthquakes take place.

80

Which term describes the situation in which one area develops at the expense of another?

A.Dualism

Which of these descriptions defines the term "gross national income" (GNI)?

A.The total domestic and foreign value added claimed by residents

Geographers who study development are often concerned with scale. The scale at which a development policy or program operates matters because:

A.the scale of a development program should be the same as the scale of the development issue.

Following World War II, many formerly colonized countries became independent states. Where was the greatest concentration of these countries?

Africa and Asia

A number of social scientists suggest that we should measure more than wealth in our assessment of development. What else should we access?

All of these should be assed

What was the system of legal segregation of people by race, ethnicity, and ancestry used in South Africa until the early 1990s?

Apartheid

In 2011, longtime leaders in the countries of Libya, Tunisia, and Egypt were toppled in what is called the:

Arab Spring.

.Unequal exchange is built into capitalism. Unequal exchange happens when value is added to a good in steps along a commodity chain. Thinking through the commodity chain for the Nescafe coffee example in the book, you can infer that two steps that add the most value and cost to a good in a commodity chain for a consumer product are:

B.branding and marketing a product.

.Mental maps can be used to pinpoint indigenous knowledge of resources and environmental problems and to see how a group of people understand their community in a broader context. Participatory development programs often use community mental maps and are typically more successful than top-down development projects because they:

B.give the local community ownership in identifying problems and finding solutions.

Which of the following rebel or separatist groups is paired with the correct state in which they are seeking a say in government?

Baluchi separatists in Pakistan

Temperature and rainfall are two of the major factors determining a:

Biome.

The tight relationship between overseas Chinese and their families in their home provinces helped establish _____ migration, where migrants find economic success in their new location and encourage others back home to follow the same path.

Chain

Which country has the highest Gross National Income (GNI) in South America?

Chile

Why do some scholars think China will supersede the United States as the dominant world superpower?

China has grown as a global epicenter of manufacturing, and its entrepreneurs are some of the biggest investors in the world.

The terraced rice fields of Ifugao Province in the Philippines is an example of:

Cultural landscape

In the Indian Ocean, low-pressure systems that form and build strength from warm ocean water with temperatures at least 80°F are called:

Cyclones

Parts of the world are identified according to measurements of development. All of the following are different identities commonly used for world regions that are defined in development terms except:

D.below the Lorenz Curve and above the Lorenz Curve

.Unequal exchange is one example of dualism. Dualistic relationships are a central part of the capitalist world economy because dualism allows companies to:

D.decrease labor costs and increase profit.

.Unequal exchange can be seen in all of the following examples except:

D.employees for a car parts company who are in a labor union in Windsor, Canada are paid $30 an hour to produce windshield wiper blades that sell for $2 each at a local car parts store.

Unequal exchange is the uneven relationship between:

D.low labor costs and high-value products.

You are a development geographer who asks a group of West African men and a group of West African women to draw mental maps of their community and the surrounding resources. If the women's mental maps show forests and fresh water sources and the men's mental maps focus on agricultural fields, you could deduce all of the following from these maps except:

D.men in the community are responsible for hunting.

Because of their lack of movement, the winds of the equatorial region are called:

Doldrums

.More than any other world region, Southwest Asia and North Africa are noted for:

Dryness.

Which Southeast Asian country gained its independence in 2002?

East Timor

.The main function of the World Trade Organization is to monitor national policies that influence exchange rates and balance of payments.

False

Africans called for the decolonization of the continent after Eastern European countries achieved independence after World War II.

False

India is the leading call center in the world.

False

Vulnerability to climate change is solely determined by a population's locale.

False

When the ITCZ moves north toward the Tropic of Cancer, areas south of the equator in Africa receive seasonal rainfall.

False

Modern colonialism was different from preceding colonialism because the focus was specifically on gaining tribute, not territory.

False it was the other way around

During the Age of Exploration (the 1400s to the 1900s), the Mediterranean region was the focal point for global trade and cultural exchange.

False the Atlantic World was

It can be difficult to distinguish between the concepts of site and situation. Site is the absolute location of a place, described in physical terms, and situation is the relative location of a place in a broader context. All of the following are correct usages of the concept site except:

Fredericksburg, Virginia is sited half way between Washington, DC and Richmond, Virginia.

The prevailing colonial power in North Africa until the 1950s and 1960s was the:

French.

Identify the name for one of the two largest heroin-producing regions in the world (the other being Afghanistan), stretching over northern Thailand, Myanmar, and Laos.

Golden Triangle

What is the term for the introduction of hybrid seeds, new fertilizers and pesticides, and in some cases mechanization?

Green revolution

What is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere?

Haiti

The first world religions to diffuse into Southeast Asia were:

Hinduism and Buddhism

What tool assesses life expectancy, literacy, years of schooling, and per capita GDP?

Human Development Index (HDI)

The two major fields of study within geography are physical geography and

Human Geography

Which of the following migrates north and south of the equator over the course of the year?

ITCZ Intertropical Convergence Zone

What fueled the second wave of colonization in the second half of the nineteenth century?

Industrialization

A World Bank study found that of the working population around the world, women (especially in countries that prohibit women from owning land), young people, internal migrants (within a country, usually from rural to urban areas), and international immigrants are most likely to be working in the:

Informal economy

Identify the portion of the economy that is not taxed or regulated by government, where goods and services are exchanged in barter or cash systems that are not reported to the government.

Informal economy

Which of the following is NOT one of the three financial institutions that came into existence as a result of the Bretton Woods conference at the close of World War II?

International Reserve Bank

Palestine was partitioned by the United Nations in 1948 to create the state of:

Israel.

What is the ITCZ?

It is a low-pressure belt whose location migrates.

Globalization included colonial empires such as the Ottoman in Southwest Asia, the French in the Maghreb, and the _____________ in the Pacific.

Japanese

Most African countries became independent from colonial rule by 1960, and in 1964 formed the:

Organization for African Unity.

.OPEC was created in 1965 and changed the political and economic development of many countries. OPEC stands for:

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

Which of the following pairs of predominant religion with a country is correct?

Pakistan and Islam

In 1960, India and Pakistan signed the Indus Waters Agreement. All of the following were motivations for both countries to sign except:

Pakistan wanted to build an enormous dam, and India did not want the dam built.

__________ (or per person) basis allows comparisons between countries regardless of population size.

Per capita

The vast majority of petroleum resources being exported from Southwest Asia and North Africa come from the countries bordering the:

Persian Gulf.

Using physical geography to define world regions, a geographer may use:

Precipitation

The difference between the Sahara, a true desert, and the semi-arid Sahel region to its south is:

Rainfall

Densely populated zones of Africa include the Nile River, coastal West, southern Africa, and:

Rift Valley lake district.

Multiple regions exist within a large area such as Africa (West Africa, East Africa, etc.). This is an example of the importance of _____________ in the study of regions.

Scale

Which country has used its strategic location to become a global leader in container shipping and the entrepôt for Southeast Asia?

Singapore

Which of the following is by far the wealthiest country in Southeast Asia and is the third wealthiest country in the world as measured by GDP per capita?

Singapore

The first wave of colonialism was sparked by these European colonial powers.

Spain and Portugal

Which of the following were the focus of the earliest diffusion of Islam into Asia?

Straits, ports, and travel routes

Some of the first self-sufficient city states were located in:

Sumeria.

A network is best defined as a _____ of connections among people and places:

System

What was the reasoning behind the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs to promote free trade?

There was a belief that trade restrictions had led to the Great Depression.

During the 1980s and 1990s, economists described the rapidly growing economies of Southeast Asia as:

Tigers

Short-term travel to a destination away from home with the central purpose of recreation and relaxation is called:

Tourism

Negotiating how they make sense of themselves by balancing their home identity with their identity in their country of destination, migrants create:

Transnational Identities

Americans feel they cannot survive without cheap oil and thus the United States now has the highest level of per capita energy consumption in the world.

True

An example of glocalization is McDonald's adaptation to local customs, such as serving lamb in the Middle East.

True

Because climate change is predicted to be so significant, some scholars have given the current era its own name: the anthropocene era.

True

During the 1980s the World Bank forced many African countries to carry out structural adjustments in their economic policy, which included devaluing African currencies.

True

In 1964, the newly independent African countries met at a summit to determine whether the borders the Europeans had established at the Berlin Conference should stand.

True

NGOs may be funded by private donations or receive grants from government agencies.

True

Rural men in Africa may be less aware of environmental change than women because they do not collect firewood and water.

True

The Pakistani government is described as a kleptocracy. One way this is evident is in the ghost schools where money flows to the school, but the school does not operate.

True

The cheapest way to transport heavy goods is by sea, so a country's access to a seaport is critical to its success in the global economy.

True

The relationship a company has with its suppliers is known as a backward linkage.

True

Through the 1930 Land Apportionment Act, Britain reserved over half the land of Rhodesia for European settlers and less than a third for the indigenous population.

True

Following Thailand, this country is the second largest exporter of rice in the world.

Vietnam

When air descends at the subtropical high-pressure cells, the air:

Warms

South Asia is called a subcontinent because it:

Was once separated from the eurasian plate and collided with it 60 MYA

In early history (dating back to the Greeks and Romans), the primary purpose or reason for colonialism was:

b. need for resources and tribute.

The earlier name for a portion of modern-day Iraq is Mesopotamia, which means:

between the rivers.

What is the cheapest method to transport heavy goods and materials?

by sea

Humans have changed much of earth's environment so that in the anthropocene age even rural landscapes that appear natural have been:

changed over time to suit the purposes of humans.

Which of the following is a good example of a country that moved from the periphery to the semi-periphery as it increasingly engaged in manufacturing and became a major global exporter, as exemplified by the heavy freight traffic in Hong Kong Harbor?

china

Which of the following could a physical geographer study?

climate and landforms

The best support for the argument that we are currently in an anthropocene is:

climate is changing and much of the warming that has occurred in the last 50 years is due to human activities.

The physical context of the earth refers to:

enviornment

Which of the following is NOT an impact of the Green Revolution in South Asia?

farmers who have adopted Green Revolution practices continue to farm in the informal economy.

Which of the following describes the process of heightening interactions, increasing interdependence, and deepening relations across country boundaries?

globalization

The process of a company adapting its product to meet the demands of local culture is known as:

glocalization.

The __________ per capita is the most widely accepted way of measuring wealth by countries in the world today because the statistic tries to account for the flow of wealth in our globalized world.

gross national income (GNI)

An area where an important idea starts and spreads outward, such as wheat domestication, is known as a:

hearth.

Suburbs, large roads, limited sidewalks, and a near lack of public transportation characterize the United States. These aspects are largely the result of:

inexpensive oil prices.

Most street vendors, local craftsmen, farmer's markets, and roadside stalls are all part of the:

informal economy

The 2 billion people who comprise the global poor and live on less than $2 a day conduct most of their economic activity in the:

informal economy

Colonizers focused on gaining lands to establish large-scale agricultural production in the Americas and to establish trading posts for the Atlantic slave trade in Africa and ports for the spice trade in Asia. What best describes this trading system?

it had a global reach.

Countries such as Mali, Burkina Faso, Chad, and Niger have economic challenges not only because of climate but also because they are all:

landlocked.

Study Figure 4.16 "Islands of development." look at the site of major islands of development, the path of labor in (migration to islands of development), and the paths of commodities out (exported to other parts of the world). The relationship among islands of development, paths of labor in, and paths of commodities out is such that all of the following are true except:

more commodities generally flow into islands of development (imports) than out of islands of development (exports).

When India and Pakistan gained independence in 1947, Bangladesh was:

part of Pakistan called East Pakistan.

Where climate impacts agriculture with too little rain, such as the Sahel and other dry savanna biomes, people mainly practice:

pastoralism.

The British did not physically colonize the princely states of India. They gained the loyalty of the princes through:

paying them with annual privy purses.

Site is the absolute location of a place in terms of its:

physical attributes.

Migrants weigh their reasons for going to a particular place based on complex:

push and pull factors.

Networks create connectivity among people and places. A hub-and-spoke network is one with a central hub with greater connectivity than the surrounding spokes. The spokes feed into the hub in order to connect to a broader or even global network. Global airlines like Delta are hub-and-spoke networks. In this kind of network:

regional airports feed into hub airport and then connect to the rest of the world.

Following the Indian Ocean tsunami in late 2004, what did geographers rely on to assess damage, estimate wave size, and guide aid?

satellite images

The Serengeti in Tanzania and Kenya is a well-known example of which biome?

savanna

Which of the following is characterized by vast grasslands and isolated trees?

savanna

Corn, yams, cassava, and bananas are common crops in areas of which type of agriculture?

slash-and-burn

Subsaharan Africa includes all of the countries:

south of the Sahara.

When Radcliffe drew the border between India and Pakistan, which of the following did he do to determine where the border should go?

stayed in a room and studied outdated maps

Around 10,000 BCE, crop agriculture first started in:

the Fertile Crescent.

The concentration of volcanoes and earthquakes along the plate boundaries of the Pacific Plate form an area of increased tectonic activity, called:

the Pacific Ring of Fire.

We often perceive regions to exist even though we have never been to them. A strong example of regional perception in the United States is:

the South

Since 1967, the Palestinian lands of Gaza and _______________ have been occupied and controlled by Israel, although some level of autonomy to Palestinians was granted in 2005.

the West Bank

Nationalization of resources, such as copper in Zambia, means that _____________ now controls and owns it.

the government

The cultural landscape of the Software Technology Parks of India (STPIs) reflect India'srole in the current model of outsourcing in:

the headquarters and offices of Indian corporations including Tata and Infosys.

Study the map of climates in Subsaharan Africa (Figure 4.3) and read the caption and corresponding text. The situation of climates zones in Subsaharan Africa is such that all of the following is true except:

the humid subtropical climate zones are next to marine west coast climate zones.