GEOG 1113 Final
Which of the following is located at 66.5 degrees South latitude?
Antarctic Circle
Which of the following is located at 66.5 degrees North latitude?
Arctic Circle
Which of the following map projections is usually portrayed in the shape of a circle?
Azimuthal
(T/F) The Mercator Projection is in the map projection family known as equal area projections.
False
(T/F) The Mercator Projection was developed to portray the actual size of land masses.
False
(T/F) The earliest applications of remote sensing technologies were used by human geographers, but environmental scientists later began using remote sensing techniques to detect vegetation change and monitor weather patterns.
False
(T/F) The intellectual roots of environmental determinism can be traced back to the ancient Romans, who speculated that human diversity resulted from both climatic and locational factors.
False
(T/F) The most common system used for indirect georeferencing is latitude and longitude.
False
(T/F) The term spatial diffusion was first coined by geographer Edward Ullman in 1954.
False
(T/F) Two opposing parallels equal one great circle.
False
Which of the following statements is true?
Globes do not distort shape, area, angle, or scale.
Which of the following is located at 0 degrees longitude?
Prime Meridian
Which of the following does a GPS receiver NOT calculate based on the timing of radio signals in the satellite constellation?
Speed
Ready-mix concrete retails for $2.99 per 80 lb. paper bag, much of which covers transport costs. Which of the three spatial interaction factors does this example best illustrate?
Transferability
Which of the following is located at 23.5 degrees North latitude?
Tropic of Cancer
Which of the following is located at 23.5 degrees South latitude?
Tropic of Capricorn
(T/F) A GIS can be used to link spatial and attribute data, reveal new spatial and temporal relationships, and visualize such relationships using sophisticated mapping techniques.
True
(T/F) A market analyst's map depicting the distribution of ZIP code areas where OSU fans outnumber OU fans by at least two to one would best be classified as a map of a formal region.
True
(T/F) An intervening opportunity is a different location that can provide a desired good more economically.
True
(T/F) Directly-referenced spatial data managed in a GIS is almost always performed using a GPS.
True
(T/F) Distribution is the arrangement of phenomena on or near the Earth's surface
True
(T/F) Environmental determinism prevailed among American geographers during the early 20th century and then fell quickly into disfavor.
True
(T/F) GIS technology can be used to help remedy social problems.
True
(T/F) Globalization propels and is propelled by spatial interaction.
True
(T/F) Istanbul's growth as a major port stems from attributes of its site and situation along an important strait.
True
(T/F) Like the friction of distance, intervening opportunities can alter the spatial interaction between places.
True
(T/F) Raster data uses pixels or cells to store quantitative information, such as the signature of a land surface, which can be analyzed to identify land cover.
True
(T/F) Reference maps are used to look up known information, but usually not to analyze data or portray spatial relationships across broad areas.
True
(T/F) The Mercator Projection was developed to aid with ocean navigation.
True
(T/F) The ability to search for nearby restaurants and services is an example of how to use an LBS from GPS technology.
True
(T/F) The circumference of the Earth along the Equator is greater than the circumference of a great circle.
True
(T/F) The diffusion of H1N1 flu since April 2009 provides a good example of spatial diffusion.
True
(T/F) The term "geoslavery" has been used to refer to social issues raised by the use of GPS technology.
True
(T/F) Two opposing meridians equal one great circle.
True
(T/F) Unlike a verbal scale, a graphic scale remains accurate even if a map is enlarged when reproduced.
True
A cartesian grid is a spatial reference system for a 2-dimensional surface, but a graticule is a spatial reference system for a 3-D spherical surface.
True
By definition, a(n) _____ barrier completely stops the diffusion of something.
absorbing
A formal region is
an area that possesses one or more unifying cultural or physical traits
A functional region is
an area unified by a specific social, cultural, or economic activity
The two types of data that a geographic information system (GIS) integrates are spatial data and ____ data.
attribute
Which of the following map projections would be most appropriate to portray North Korea's ICBM range?
azimuthal
Which of the following is an example of GIS spatial information?
boundary (two-dimensional line defined by an array of connected points)
Many cultural geographers hold the view that the cultural landscape:
can be read like a book
A university campus with a unified and hierarchical architectural scheme and clear campus boundaries is a good example of which type of region?
functional
In the semi-autonomous Chickasaw Nation, the tribe holds certain facets of civil-regulatory authority within its Tribal Jurisdictional Area. From a political geography perspective, the region where the tribe has authority is a _____ region.
functional
When examining any map of a formal culture region, it is important to remember that boundaries always mark:
general areas where the defining phenomena gradually change from one type to another
Rap was first popular in New York, then Los Angeles, and later Dallas, and still later, Tulsa. This illustrates the process known as ________ diffusion.
hierarchical
_________ diffusion involves the ordered spread of a phenomenon such as a cultural trait, technological innovation, or disease outbreak, within a stratified system. Most often the stratified system directing this type of diffusion is an urban system of cities.
hierarchical diffusion
Sharon usually buys gasoline at the Shell station near her house, but after shopping all day in Edmond, she filled up before returning home because Stillwater gasoline prices are always 10-15 cents per gallo higher. Which of the three spatial interaction factors does this example best illustrate?
intervening opportunity
Texas produces a surplus of excellent high school graduates, but the best universities in Texas are extremely selective and expensive. Oklahoma State University's relatively low out-of-state tuition and affordable housing attracts many undergraduates from Texas. Which of the three spatial interaction factors does this example best illustrate?
intervening opportunity
The most common type of relocation diffusion is
migration
An aerial photo perspective that is perpendicular (at 90 degree angle) to the Earth is referred to as:
orthographic
"The Metroplex," "Green Country," and "Bible Belt" are all examples of ____ regions, which derive from people's sense of identity and attachment to different areas.
perceptual
The borders of _____ tend to be highly contested since people often have very personal reasons for perceiving an area a certain way
perceptual regions
The most common type of barrier to cultural diffusion is the:
permeable
A location distinguished by specific physical and cultural characteristics is a
place
Reactions against environmental determinism in the early 20th century gave rise to ____, the view that people use their creativity to decide how to respond to the conditions or constraints of a particular natural environment.
possibilism
Cadastral lines portray:
property ownership boundaries
A few years before 1997 (the year the PRC took over), many Hong Kong Chinese migrated to Canada and moved their assets to Canadian banks. Most Hong Kong Chinese settled along the coast of British Columbia and in Toronto. This migration story illustrates the process of _____ diffusion.
relocation
The diffusion of the most conservative cultural traits - religion, language, kinship, etc. - usually involves _____ diffusion.
relocation
____ diffusion is ultimately the result of human migration.
relocation
Acquiring information about something that is located at a distance from you is known as
remote sensing
The diffusion of Walmart during the second half of the 20th Century involved a pattern that spread from rural to urban areas. This is an example of ____ diffusion.
reverse-hierarchical
_____ refers to the degree in which two or more phenomena share similar distributions
spatial association
Of the examples provided in the recorded presentation, which map was drawn at the largest scale and contained the greatest spatial detail?
suburban subdivision plat map
Which type of reference map is drawn at the largest scale?
suburban subdivision plat map
The phenomenon in which local contagious diffusion originating in higher-order centers occurs simultaneously with traits primarily diffusing hierarchically is called:
the neighborhood effect
(T/F) Raster data uses coordinates such as latitude and longitude to identify the locations of points, the paths of lines, and the boundaries of polygons in a GIS.
False
Although the first GPS satellite was put into orbit in the ___________, GPS did not provide global coverage until _______.
1970s; 1995.
Which type of reference map is drawn at the smallest scale?
2018 Official Texas Highway Map
(T/F) Possibilism is not one of the four ways that geographers conceptualize the relationship between people and nature.
False
Which of the following is located at 0 degrees latitude?
Equator
(T/F) A GPS is capable of linking spatial and attribute data, revealing new spatial and temporal relationships, and visualizing such relationships using sophisticated mapping techniques.
False
(T/F) Dr. John Snow was a famous British geographer of the mid-1800s.
False
(T/F) Hierarchical diffusion is completely random.
False
Which of the following is located at 180 degrees longitude?
International Date Line
Which may be referred to as "natural" division based on the relationship between the earth and the sun?
Latitude
Common misperceptions of the relative size of Greenland and Africa can be traced to the inappropriate use of which map projection?
Mercator
High poverty rates in Vietnam coincide with:
closed forest cover
Russia exports large amounts of natural gas to wealthy countries of central and northern Europe. Which of the three spatial interaction factors does this example best illustrate?
complimentarity
Which of the following map projections preserves the shapes of continents on a world map?
conformal
Well-composed maps portraying the coterminous 48 United States often utilize ____ projections.
conical equal area
The arrival of regular, twice per day passenger airline service between Stillwater and Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport has increased Stillwater's overall:
connectivity
In 1598 domestic horses, an Old World species, were accidentally introduced into the American West by Spanish conquistadores invading the Upper Rio Grande valley of present-day New Mexico. Over the next 150 years, feral horse (Mustang) populations spread throughout the interior west of North America. What type of expansion diffusion did this involve?
contagious
Which of the following is a sub-discipline of human geography that studies the relationship between people and the natural environment?
cultural ecology
Culture draws on all of the following attributes except
culture is never tied to politics
A perceptual region is
derived from people's sense of identity and attachment to different areas
Apple builds a new campus in Frisco, Texas, where 4,000 well-paid employees plan to relocate over the next 24 months. A large share of relocating employees will arrive from the San Francisco Bay Area; they will sell their 2,000 square foot homes for an average of $850,000, and further inflate the north Texas housing market. Immediately after Apple's announcement, affordable housing is pushed an additional 10 miles beyond the 380 Loop. Which concept of spatial interaction does this example best illustrate.
distance decay
The tapering off of a process, pattern, or event over a distance is known as
distance decay
This diffusion-associated term refers the phenomenon in which spatial interaction such as the adoption of innovations diffusing across space, decreases with increasing distance.
distance decay
A map projection's properties include all of the following EXCEPT:
distortion
It is mathematically impossible to portray a three-dimensional sphere with a two-dimensional plane without the problem of:
distortion
Physical geography focuses primarily on
environmental dynamics
Which of the following map projections preserves the size of continents on a world map?
equal area
Sociologist Anthony Giddens argues that the same technological innovations that lead to time-space convergence also create
time-space distanciation
The word "geography" means
to write about the earth
Which of the following is the best example of attribute information as used in a GIS?
town population
When a stream crosses a contour line on a topographic map, the contour lines point:
upstream