GEOG 1710 Chapters 15 & 16

A terrace is:

an uplift wave-cut platform

What is a unit of discharge?

cubic length/Time

The effect of urbanization on a typical stream hydrograph is to:

decrease lag time between storm peak and peak stream discharge

Near the shore, waves transition to begin to "feel bottom" and, as a result, the orbits of the water molecules in the wave become more _______. The process eventually cause _______ to form.

elliptical breakers

Rectangular drainage patterns form primarily as a result of:

flow through faulted landscape

Spring Tides

greatest tidal range occur during full and new moons NOT during spring season

The suspended load of a stream consists of particles that are:

held aloft in the stream flow

Brine water results from:

high evaporation rates

Brackish water would be most likely to occur

in a deltaic swamp

What is true of the longitudinal profile of most rivers?

it is concave in shape

The length of the individual channels in a dendritic drainage pattern is _______ and this increases energy ______.

minimized; efficiency

About 2% of the oceanic mass is comprise of:

mixing zone of blended solutes and temperatures

If salinity is less than 3.5% then it is called:

Brackish

Three types of stream channels

Braided Straight Meandering

If salinity is greater than 3.5% then it is called:

Brine

Neap tides

smaller tidal range occur during quarter moons

Drainage density refers to

the Ratio of the total length of channels to the area of the basin

Base Level

the lowest point to which a river can flow AKA mouth of the river

What are the SEVEN elements found in seawater (Charlie said my sister can pick boys)

Chlorine Sodium Magnesium Sulfer Calcium Potassium Bromine

As a stream decreased in velocity, which particle would be the last to settle?

Clay

__________ separate drainage basins and send flows to the Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, the Atlantic, Hudson Bay, or the Arctic Ocean.

Continental Divides

Constructive Interference

two waves are in the same phase, the height of the wave increases

Destructive Interference

two waves are out of phase, the height of the wave decreases

Which of the following stream channel types to develop on gently slopping surfaces composed of rocks or sediments with approximately the same resistance to erosion?

Dendritic

7 Drainage Patterns

Dendritic Trellis Radial Parallel Rectangular Angular Deranged

The glacial shield regions of Canada have disrupted the surface drainage patterns that are called:

Deranged

Three types of loads in streams

Dissolved Suspended Bed

Watersheds are defined by

Drainage Divides

Some streams may originate in a humid region and subsequently flow through an arid region. Thus, the discharge may decrease with distance, because of high potential evotranspiration. Such streams are called:

Exotic Streams

T/F: Although many elements are dissolved in seawater, no gasses are dissolved in it

False

T/F: As evaporation increases, salinity decreases

False

T/F: Brine water tends to occur near coastal deltas

False

T/F: Seawater is not a solution

False

T/F: Since the Amazon is the largest river in terms of discharge, it also produces a large delta at it's mouth.

False

The two driving forces of fluvial systems are:

Gravity and Insolation

Some streams do not reach the ocean. Water leaves the basin through evaporation or subsurface gravitational flow. Such basins are called __________ basins.

Internal Drainage

A general term for the coastal environment is:

Littoral Zone

What occurs when the sun, moon, and Earth are in alignment?

Maximum tidal ranges occur

Three Zones (Temperature profiles)

Mixing Zone (2%) Thermocline (18%) Deep Cold Zone (80%)

An interruption in a steams longitudinal profile of equilibrium is called:

Nickpoints

The largest ocean in terms of area is the:

Pacific

Steep slopes and some relief generally produce which drainage system?

Parallel

The concentration of dissolved solids in the seawater is called:

Salinity

Ultimate Base Level

Sea level

Braided streams are characterized by:

Sediment deposition in the channel resulting in the formation of sand and gravel bars and numerous small channels AND a heavy load in relation to discharge

Stream transport involves all of the following EXCEPT: Saltation Suspension Traction Sheet flow

Sheet flow

The relationship between stage and stream discharge is called ________ curve.

Stage Discharge Rating

Waves in shallow water that "feel bottom" are _____ and more _____ spaced than the swell they are related to.

Taller Closely

Which of the following will favor stream terrace formation? A large increase in sediment load Tectonic uplift of the headwaters A rise in sea level A decrease in rainfall

Tectonic uplift of the headwaters

What is true of the Ocean Deep Zone?

The water in this zone does not freeze because of the intense pressure exerted by the weight of the overlying water The water in this zone does not freeze because of it's salinity

What is true of tides?

They are complex daily oscillations in sea level They are influenced by the size, depth, and topography of ocean basins They are influenced by shoreline configuration and latitude

Which of the following is NOT an example of an erosional coastal landform? Sea Arch Tombolo Wave-cut platform Notched cliff

Tombolo

The valley and ridge province is characterized by which drainage pattern?

Trellis

Which drainage pattern is produced by folded topography?

Trellis

T/F: A watershed is an open system

True

T/F: Most streams flow into an ocean

True

T/F: River discharge usually increases downstream because the area being drained increases

True

T/F: Stream discharge is calculated by multiplying the velocity of the stream by its width and depth for the specific cross section of the channel.

True

T/F: The moon's gravitational pull on Earth is greater than that of the sun.

True

Which of the following is NOT an example of a depositional coastal landform? wave-built terrace barrier spit bay barrier wave-cut platform

Wave-cut platform

As discharge of a stream increases, what also happens?

Width, depth, and velocity all increase

Worldwide average salinity is:

3.5%

A graph of stream discharge over time for a specific place is called:

A Hydrograph

Of the world's largest rivers, which has the greatest discharge?

Amazon River

A cutoff in meandering stream results in the formation of:

An oxbow lake

The smallest ocean in terms of area if the:

Arctic