GEOG EXAM ch 17, 13

An oil embargo was enacted on the United States by OPEC countries

in 1974.

According to the table, which of the following have specializations in textiles and are located in the American South?

Charlotte, Charleston, and Richmond

The percentage mode of transport in the U.S. since 1985 has apparently

decreased for carpooling.

Up until a few thousand years ago, cities

did not exist

Urban networks tied together in some meaningful way refers directly to

functional linkages

Though transportation is always costly,

gradually, transport has become less expensive.

In terms of both imports and exports since the 1940s, Africa

has decreased.

Comparing a city developed as an agricultural center in a valley with one developed as the center of a widely spread empire emphasizes the quality of

situation

Barriers to trade might be

tariffs or quotas.

In the Middle Ages two main axes of trade were

the Baltic Hanseatic League and Italian port cities

The earliest cities emerged in Sumeria near which rivers?

the Tigris and the Euphrates

Different countries go through the urbanization process at different times. The chart clearly shows which region urbanizing earlier after onset of urbanization?

the U.K.

According to the map of world urban percentages, the area that is the least urbanized is

Africa

Which is true about world import composition by region since the 1940s?

Asian imports have dramatically increased.

By 1850 a majority of the world's population lived in

British cities

The Franks, the Burgundians, the Ostrogoths, and the Vandals were all

Germanic groups generally moving southward post-Empire

From 1800 to 1900 which British cities became the largest?

Glasgow and Liverpool

One hundred and seventy-five years after onset of urbanization, which region or country had urbanized the most?

Japan

Asian countries have increased their exports and imports fueled largely by

Japan and China.

With the development of agriculture, settlements occurred when

NOT migration met obstacles like large rivers or mountains

According to the map of world percent urbanization which country is the most urbanized?

South Korea

An example of preferences in a country with regard to imports might be

South Korea enthusiastically accepting American rock music, but rejecting U.S. beef.

The area surrounding a city from which it obtains food is called

a hinterland

A tariff is

a tax on an imported good applied by the importer.

In 1830 it took three weeks to travel from Chicago to New York, while in 1857, with new railroads, it only took

about 2 days.

Considering department stores in the U.S. which is true?

about 20 firms account for 98 percent of total sales

After the Roman Empire the entire basis for civilization was swept away when

all of the above

Iron enabled

all of the above

The chart comparing Europe and China in urbanization shows

all of the above

According to the graph, growth in international trade since the 1940s

all of the above.

Regarding smaller farming communities, the combination of better rural transportation and larger and larger farms has

created more theoretical hexagons across U.S. rural space.

Which of the following is not a function of many cities today?

an influential agricultural region

Cities like Venice, Brujes, and Amsterdam grew rich by placing themselves

at the center of good trading networks.

Though India is large with a large population (world's second largest) its percent urban population is

both a and b are true

One early transport technology in the U.S. planned or constructed between the Great Lakes and other rivers like the Ohio was

canals.

Though the city of Akron, Ohio was once king in the tire industry much of that has ceased to exist and the city is now trying to diversify and focus on polymers. This shows that

cities may shift their functions over time according to need

Many early factories developed around places where raw materials were mined like

coal in central Pennsylvania

Consumers expect quality goods. When producers are forced to increase quality to increase sales or exports ______________ occurs.

competition

Mass production required

concentrated settlement at a few places

Regarding pedestrians, research shows

if pathways are available and clear people clearly like to walk.

According to the map of regional trade blocs, Mercosur is a trade organization

in South America.

Mercantilism

increases internal trade within a region by restricting imports from the outside.

On the graph of growth of British cities during the 1800s, the rising lines represent

increasing city population

If one truck factory produces 50 high quality trucks a day at an expense of $10,000 dollars each, while another produces 40 a day at an expense of $15,000 dollars each, we would say the first factory

is more productive.

CH 13 START: In Sumeria, smaller city-states gradually developed into

larger territorial states

Which are main activities which require transportation?

military, freight, and personal mobility

During the Middle Ages which is an example of developing city functions?

more remote cultures being subdued by the dominant political power at the time

According to the map of regional trade blocs, which area of the world has no affiliation?

much of central Asia and Africa

Comparative advantage in trade

neither a nor b.

The degree to which direct movement takes place all across a network expresses

network connectivity

Since about 1900 the growth of retail chains has seen

normal prices increasing.

Often, countries like the Democratic Republic of the Congo, a country that is the size of Europe, are hampered because

of undeveloped transport networks.

Most people think of travel to work when the term 'commuting' comes up, but

on the pie chart, probably the largest commuter category is for social/recreation.

In an era of Internet, eBay, Amazon, and virtual commerce on the computer, which is still currently true regarding cities?

people are still moving from countryside to city

Division of labor refers to

people working in specific jobs according to need

Albert Gallatin

planned some of the first transport routes into the U.S. interior.

According to the table, cities like Chicago or Birmingham are known for

primary metals

Since cities like Paris in France, Mexico City in Mexico, or Bangkok in Thailand are the largest cities in their countries and most representative of the national culture, we call them

primate cities

When a country seeks to limit trade, often in an attempt to enhance its own position, this is called

protectionism.

On the map of trade routes in the Middle Ages the green lines signify ______ while the purple lines are _________.

sea routes; land routes

Retailing now is more and more tied to 'e-tailing' which involves

shopping on-line with stores like Amazon or eBay.

On the map of world urban percentages, the darkest brown color (at the top of the map legend) represents

the highest percentage urban

The urban population map of France shows that

the main city in influence, without doubt, is Paris

Which was the type of shopping center that predominated from the late 1800s to the early 1900s?

the pedestrian downtown commercial strip

In terms of retail location, since 1900

there has been a sea-change of stores moving from central cities to suburbs.

When considering the construction of malls, we must remember that

they are rarely being built these days-and are often demolished.

One main reason for the development of cities of cities from villages was that food

was available in surplus which increased town growth