Geography 102 Exam 1:

Which of the following activities is most likely to occur in the informal economy?

- Housework

Which of the following terms refers to the making of maps?

- cartography

The transition toward political systems guided by competitive elections is called?

- democratization.

In which sector of the economy is agriculture?

- extraction

Soil erosion is caused by all of the following factors, EXCEPT...?

- genetic modification of seeds

The result of a warm front is likely to be?

- rain or snow

What mechanisms have national governments used to protect their economies and industries from foreign competition?

- tariffs and import quotas

Which of the following is NOT a direct or indirect component of the calculation of virtual water?

- water used in cooking and other domestic activities

What percentage of the world's population does NOT have access to clean water?

1/6 of the worlds population

What term describes rainfall that is caused by the interaction of large air masses of different temperatures and densities?

frontal precipitation

Which of the following are part of the United Nations' calculation of the Human Development Index (HDI)?

income adjusted to PPP, data on life expectancy at birth, data on educational attainment

Which of the following is NOT a result of fair trade policies?

increased investor profits

Lines of longitude are also known as?

meridians

According to the theory of plate tectonics, continental drift is caused by?

molten rock flowing from hot regions deep inside Earth to cooler surface regions and back.

The key players in the global economy today are?

multinational corporations.

Water is now the third most valuable commodity in the world, after...?

oil and electricity

What process does the term orographic rainfall describe?

precipitation that occurs when air is forced to rise over mountain ranges

The amount that a local currency equivalent of U.S.$1 will purchase in a given country is a measure of?

purchasing power parity (PPP)

The term used to describe a nation's right to conduct its internal affairs as it sees fit, without interference from outside, is?

sovereignty

To fit the spherical Earth onto a flat map, a Mercator projection...?

stretches out the poles and looks equal to equator

A subset of a culture, composed of individuals who share some but not all of the traits of the larger culture, is called a?

subculture

The efforts to improve present living standards in ways that will not jeopardize future generations fall under the general heading of?

sustainable development

Water scarcity is the result of all of the following EXCEPT...?

sustainable farming initiatives.

The key goal of an import quota is to?

to protect domestic producers from "unfair" foreign competition -

The reasons for differences in behavior between cultures are complex but usually related to __________.

values

Through which of the following landscape processes is rock broken down into smaller pieces?

weathering

Central to the study of geography are the questions ________ and ________.

where, why

The loss of trees and forest organisms to deforestation accounts for as much as _____ percent of the world's CO2.

- 30 percent

Which of the following is an example of a transaction taking place in the informal economy?

- A housekeeper who is paid in cash and does not report her income

Which of the following measures indicates the total value of all goods and services recognized as produced in a country during a given year?

- A. gross national income

Which of the following is reflected in a population pyramid that narrows toward the top?

- Most people in that population die before they reach old age.

Wind is created by?

- air moving from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure.

Which of the following relationships is accounted for in the rate of natural increase?

- birth rates and death rates in a given population

The observed higher temperatures of Earth's surface and climates in recent decades usually goes by the name of?

- global warming

A country is moving from a subsistence economy to a cash economy. This movement is most likely accompanied by all of the following, EXCEPT...?

- lower costs of education.

A society in which many culture groups live in close association is?

- multicultural

All of the following are synonyms for shantytowns EXCEPT:

- peripheries.

Most of Earth's population lives between ___ latitude and ___ latitude.

20 N and 60 N

An early example of globalization: In the British Caribbean colonies, slaves from ___________ wore garments made of cloth woven in _____________ from cotton grown in __________________.

Africa, England, Britain

Which of the following organizations is a regional trade bloc?

Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)

The Koppen classification system divides the world into climate regions labeled?

B. A, B, C, D, E.

Given the differential heating and cooling rates of land and water, which of the following is more likely to experience the most extreme change in temperature and air pressure over a year?

NA

Ethnic groups tend to share all of the following EXCEPT:

a specific life expectancy.

Which of the following is NOT an extractive resource?

automobiles

The number of people a given place can support sustainably is its...?

carrying capacity

The development of food production has undergone a series of changes, starting with hunting and gathering; moving through labor-intensive, small-scale agriculture; and moving on to ________________________________________ and organic farming in the present day.

commercial agriculture, modern mechanized, chemically intensive, large scale

The opposite of capitalism is?

communism

he highest average temperatures on Earth fall within a band 30° north and south of the?

equator

Which of the following types of water resource degradation is NOT commonly linked to urbanization?

fertilizer and pesticide runoff

About 70percent of the carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere comes from _______________; the remainder comes from _________________.

fossil fuels, loss of trees and forrest organisms

The term __________ refers to the unrestricted international exchange of goods, services, and capital.

free trade

A country is undergoing a demographic transition. This means that the country...?

is moving from high birth and death rates to much lower birth and death rates.

In defining a region, geographers might take into account all of the following factors EXCEPT...?

literary history

A disadvantage of using GDP per capita as a measure of economic development is the fact that GDP per capita...?

may hide intense disparities in income.