Geography chapter 8

Renaissance-Baroque landscape

A European landscape built from 1500-1800 with a spacious landscape, expansive ceremonial buildings, public open and green spaces, and wide boulevards lined with elaborate residences.

Medieval landscape

A European landscape with narrow, winding streets, crowded with 3-4 story masonary buildings with little steback from the street.

European Union

A supranational organization made up of 225 countries, joined together in an agenda of economic, political, and cultural integration.

Iron Curtain

A term coined by British leader Winston Churchill during the cold war that defined the western border of soviet power in Europe.

Mediterranean Climate

Climate type characterized by distinct dry season during the summer, which results from the warm-season expansion of the Azores high-pressure area.

Marine west coast climate.

Climate type with no winter months averaging below freezing, although cold, rain, sleet, and the occasional blizzard are common.

Guest Workers

Individuals from Europe's agricultural periphery invited to labor in Germany, France, Sweden, and Switzerland during chronic laor shortages in Europes boom years (1950s-1970s)

Moraine

Piles of glacial debris that were left on plain areas in Germany and Poland.

Irredentism

State policies for reclaiming lost territory beyond borders inhabited by people of the same ethnicity.

Euroland

States within the European Union that gave up their national currencies and adopted the official currency of the EU, the Euro.

Cold war

The ideological struggle between the united states and the soviet union that lasted from 1946 till 1991.

Balkanization

The fragmented geopoltical processes involved with small-scale independence movements and the phenomenon of mini-nationalism as it developed along the ethnic fault lines.

Secularization

The widespread movement away from historically prominent religions of Europe.

Fjord

U-shaped glaciated valleys that have become flooded valley inlets along the coastline of Norway

Schengen agreement

the 1985 agreement between some, but not all, European Union member countries to reduce border formalities in order to facilitate free movement of citizens between member countries