Geography Final (MC- South/Southeast Asia and Oceania)
The population of India is approximately:
1.2 Billion
Aboriginals now control about _________ percent of Australian land?
15.
When did Australia become independent?
1901.
When did India become an independent country?
1947.
During what decade of the 20th century did Australia and New Zealand decide to dramatically reduce government intervention and regulation of the economy?
1980s.
Australia is one of the most arid places on Earth, with two-thirds of the country receiving less than ____ inches of rainfall annually.
20.
Approximately what percentage of Southeast Asia's population lives in cities?
25%
The migration of humans into what is today New Guinea and Australia began about ____ years ago.
40,000.
New Zealand's original human population probably arrived about _____ years ago from _____.
700/Polynesia.
According to UN projections, Australia has an urbanization rate of approximately:
90 percent.
What are the Western Ghats?
A series of mountains in Western India.
What is the significance of the Durand Line; why is it still controversial today?
Afghanistan and Pakistan, not accepted by Afghanistan
WHAT WAS THE SEPOY MUTINY, WHEN DID IT OCCUR, AND WHY WAS IT SIGNIFICANT?
An uprising in India against the British East India Company. 1857-58. India was fighting back against Britain and there were many deaths and rapes involved.
The Great Artesian Basin, the world's largest groundwater aquifer, is found in which country?
Australia.
The climate of _______ is dominated by the Westerly belt.
Australia.
The greatest of the Mughal emperors?
Babar.
Which of the following experiences the most regular and widespread flooding from the South Asian monsoon?
Bangladesh
Beginning in the 1840's, people from the Pacific were kidnapped and enslaved in a process called:
Blackbirding.
WHAT IS THE GENERAL BREAKDOWN OF CASTE IN INDIA; WHAT GENERAL DUTIES ARE ASCRIBED TO EACH?
Brahmins- priests and teachers. Kshatryas- warriors and rulers. Vaishyas- farmers, traders, and merchants/ Shudras- laborers.
AFGHANISTAN WAS A COLONY OF WHICH IMPERIAL POWER IN THE 19TH CENTURY?
Britain.
Who was Mohammad Ali Jinnah?
Chain smoker, first Pakistan leader, leader of Muslim league, all of the above.
In most of South Asia, the winter is characterized as a ______ climate.
Cool and mainly humid.
The main mineral resource in Papua New Guinea is:
Copper.
The largest city of India (population)?
Delhi.
Without the Indus River, Pakistan would generally be a large _______ ?
Desert.
One of the earliest language families of the subcontinent, it is not Into-European, found in Southern India today?
Dravidan.
What is copra?
Dried coconut meat.
Which colonial power claimed Van Diemen's Land in 1642, which was later named Tasmania?
Dutch.
WHAT ARE THE 3 MAIN TENANTS OF HINDUISM; GIVE A BREIF DESCRIPTION OF EACH.
Dwaita- perform good actions, complete your duties (karma), and pray to God so you can be freed from the rebirth cycle. Adwaita- the world and its creator are the same however the world is misleading. Vishishtadwaita- Atma is the only reality encompassing all living and nonliving.
PASHTUNS ARE MOSTLY FOUND IN WHAT PARTS OF AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN?
Eastern Afghanistan and Western Pakistan.
Which of the following physical regions of Australia is the remnant of an old folded mountain range with a steep encampment of the Eastern flanks?
Eastern Highlands.
The _______ portion of New Guinea is the independent nation of Papua New Guinea.
Eastern.
Most people in Oceania speak:
English.
One of the most serious ecological disasters in Australia was the introduction of the _______ to Australia in 1859.
European rabbit.
All of these are islands in the Micronesian group except:
Fiji.
What is the historical importance of the Khyber Pass?
Gateway into South Asia from Afghanistan.
WHAT WERE THE DIFFERENT POINTS OF VIEW BETWEEN GHANDI AND NEHRU ON THE PATH THE NEW INDIAN STATE SHOULD TAKE AFTER INDEPENDENCE FROM BRITAIN?
Ghandi- proposed India take dominion status (be an autonomous nation, equal to Britain but still part of it). Nehru- demanded complete independence from Britain along with their own government, etc.
The diaspora from the Pacific Islands to North America were mainly to these two states.
Hawaii and California.
Most of the speakers of Tibet-Burmese languages in South Asia live in:
Himalayas
South Asian India-European language found in Northern India, probably has close to 500 million speakers.
Hindi
The original written Into-European language of South Asia; it has become the classical literary language of the Hindus.
Hindi.
The main conflict with Sri Lanka is between the Buddhist majority and the ______ minority.
Hindu
The Maori welcome ceremonies that include pressing noses together are called:
Hongi.
What is a cyclone in the Indian Ocean (type of weather system)?
Hurrricane.
This is a country made up of many island groups.
Indonesia
The dominant religion of the Maldives is:
Islam
WHAT IS THE INDIAN-PAKISTANI CONTROVERSY OVER THE SIACHEN GLACIER?
It is a land dispute. They are fighting in the mountains and it is pointless.
HOW DID AFGHANISTAN GET ITS TAIL (THE WAKHAN CORRIDOR); WHAT WERE THE CIRCUMSTANCES BEHIND IT?
It resulted from the "Great Game" between Britain and Russia. It became a boundary of Afghanistan between British India and the Russian Empire.
Mahavira was the founder.
Jainism.
Indonesia, Malaysia, and Brunei export their oil mainly to what country?
Japan.
In New Caledonia, the French descent population is called:
Kanaks.
New Zealand was heavily forested with _______ and beech prior to the arrival of humans about 1000 years ago.
Kauri.
The highest point in this country is about 8 feet above sea level?
Maldives.
What are the Sundarbans; where are they found?
Mangrove swamp, Bangladesh.
Between who was the Treaty of Waitingi made?
Maori/British.
The deepest deep-sea trench in the world is the:
Mariana trench
The ITCZ produces a:
Mediterranean
Which type of mammal lays eggs?
Monotremes.
Pakistan was established as a:
Muslim
Where is Mount Everest located?
Nepal
On which island is the yam used as currency and its accumulation considered a sign of wealth and power?
New Guinea.
This island is the second largest in the world, after Greenland.
New Guinea.
What was the name given to the first region of Australia settled by the British as a penal colony?
New South Wales.
Director Peter Jackson's Oscar winning "Lord of the Rings" series was filmed in what country?
New Zealand.
This country takes a strong stand against nuclear proliferation, and has banned all nuclear-powered and nuclear-armed vessels from its harbors.
New Zealand.
The main mineral resource in New Caledonia is:
Nickel.
New Zealand's immigration policy prior to World War II discriminated against what particular group?
None of these.
The White Australia policy favored immigration from _____, followed by ______.
Northern Europe/Southern Europe.
What was the basis for the creation of most Indian states?
Parts of all of the above.
WHAT IS AND WHAT ARE SOME ASPECTS OF PASHTUNWALI?
Pashtunwali is the way of life of the Pashtun people and they promote hospitality, revenge, loyalty, etc.
The political conflict on Fiji is between the native Fijians and:
People of South Asian ancestry.
Which country is most likely to be associated with tin production?
Philippines
What are the dry interior drainage basins often called?
Playas.
The Hawaiian Islands, ethnically and linguistically, are considered part of this island group.
Polynesia.
Most important state of Pakistan, population and agriculture.
Punjab
What region was described as the "breadbasket of India" ?
Punjab and Haryana
What technological innovation helped to increase Australia and New Zealand's role in global agricultural trade after 1882?
Refrigerated shipping.
Which of the following is a major income source for the Pacific Islands?
Remittances.
What was the religion of the group who wanted a separate state of Khalistan in the Indian portion of Punjab?
Sikh
Commercial wheat production in Australia is concentrated in which region?
Southeastern Australia.
Adam's Bridge almost connects this country with India.
Sri Lanka.
WHO WERE THE TAMIL TIGERS, WHAT TERRORIST TACTIC WERE THEY THE FIRST TO USE?
Suicide bombers in Sri Lanka.
The largest city in Oceania is:
Sydney.
An economy which supports and sustains management and equitable sharing of marine and ocean resources is called:
The Blue Economy.
Specifically, where is the "Pacific Garbage Patch" located?
The Pacific Ocean, north of Hawaii.
Which city became the center of trade with Latin America during Southeast Asia's mercantile period?
The Philippines I think.
Guam is an overseas territory of:
The United States.
BRIEFLY DISCUSS THE CONTROVERSY OVER THE STATE OF KASHMIR. HOW DID IT COME TO BE INCLUDED IN INDIA, WHY DO INDIA AND PAKISTAN BOTH CLAIM IT, AND WHY WILL NEITHER SIDE GIVE UP THEIR CLAIM TO THIS TERRITORY?
The leader of Kashmir could decide to join Pakistan or India, remained neutral, Pakistan troops came to attack, he fled to India and joined it. India believes that Kashmir should be a part of it because they have a good relationship and Pakistan believes they should let Kashmir choose which country they want to join. Neither will give up claim because they have fought over it for a long time.
Which of the following was originally a British colony?
They all were.
Why did the Muslim sultanates (900-1500 CE) go out of their way to destroy Buddhism in India?
They try to destroy all other religion.
WHAT WERE THE PRINCELY STATES OF SOUTH ASIA, WHAT HAPPENED TO THEM?
They were British protectorates while Britain was in India and became part of India when Britain left.
What event caused a scarcity of cotton and the establishment of cotton plantations on Fiji?
U.S Civil War.
Related to Hindi, official language of Pakistan?
Urdu.
Which of these South Asian cultures is the oldest?
Vedic.
Two-thirds of Australia is occupied by this mass of old shield rocks.
Western Plateau.
The Pacific Islands were attractive to Europeans in the early 1800s because of what:
Whaling.
Before joining the rest of Asia by way of plate movement, South Asia was attached to this land mass.
africa
When did the British set about withdrawing from South Asia altogether?
after WWII
A belief system that focuses on the souls and spirits of non-human objects in the natural world is called:
animism
Which of the following cities is the premier science and technology center of India?
bangalore
Where are the Spratly Islands located?
between Vietnam and the Philippines in the south china sea.
Buddhism is the main religious practice in:
bhutan
The Raj meant the rule of the ________ in India.
british
The Khmer Rogue is associated with communist revolutionaries in this country.
burmz
The Khmer empire flourished in what is now:
cambodia
The major river in Thailand is the:
chao phraya
Which country controls the headwaters of the Mekong River?
china
Emperor Ashoka personally supported the idea of "conquest by ______"
dharma
In a tropical deciduous forest, the trees drop their leaves in response to:
dry season
Burma, Malaysia, and Singapore were colonies of the:
dutch
Most of what is today Indonesia was a colony of the:
dutch.
Leader of the "Quilt India Campaign" ?
freakin' Gandhi
Southeast Asian countries export a large portion of their palm oil production, sending much of it to which areas?
idk but probs the usa
The Thar Desert is located in which country?
india
Largest in population in Southeast Asia, it is also fourth largest in population in the world.
indonesia
What country promotes two-child families through advertising grassroots leadership training and free distribution of birth-control pills and condoms?
indonesia
The major river in Burma is the:
irawaddy
Angkor Wat and Angkor Thom are associated with which culture?
khmer
___________ is defined as leaders diverting national resources for their personal gain.
kleptocracy
Who are the Pashtu (Pathans)?
large ethnic group of Pakistan
This country has had a socialist form of government since a military coup in 1962.
malasia
Most of the people in Singapore are:
malayans
By the late 1990's, this country was providing more than half the world's tropical hardwoods.
malaysia
The "Proton" is the national car of which country?
malaysia
This country's government policy of Bumiputra explicitly discriminated against the ethnic Chinese populations.
malaysia
The major river in Cambodia and Southern Vietnam is the:
mekong
The _______ is Southeast Asia's longest waterway.
mekong river
The only functioning part of Pakistani society?
military sector
"Bollywood" is the informal name of which of the following cities?
mumbia
Kashmir has a predominantly _________ population.
muslim
The Taj Mahal is an example of _________ architecture?
muslim
Who was the founder of the Hindu faith and when did he live?
no one knows
One of the goals of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations was:
none of the above
Mahayana Buddhism is common in:
none of these
All of these plants are native to Southeast Asia, except:
none of these plants are native
What is the main illegal product being produced in Southeast Asia's "Golden Triangle" ?
opium
The newest energy source to be developed in Southeast Asia are biofuels, especially:
palm oil
This country is primarily Christian.
philipines
Typhoons most commonly develop East of the ________ and move Eastward into the South China Sea.
philipines
The brutal "death march" out of Phnom Penh in 1975-76 that killed at least 2 million people was ordered by this man.
pol pot
Sikhs are concentrated in the:
punjab
_______ is the most important crop in Southeast Asia.
rice
A South Asian religion combining Islamic and Hindu elements, found strongly in the Punjab region?
sikhism
In terms of average income, which of the following is different from there other three?
singapore
What sea or ocean flooded the land bridge from the Southeast Asian islands to mainland Asia?
south china sea
Mound-shaped monuments that hold sacred Buddhist relics are known as:
stupas
The Srivijaya state flourished in what is today:
sumantra
Commercial sex workers are most likely to be found in:
thailand
This country is mostly Buddhist.
thailand
Which of the following was never a European colony?
thailand
Orographic Precipitation results in uneven rainfall throughout Southeast Asia. What areas receive a limited amount of rainfall?
thailand, burma, and laos
From 1979 to 1989, what foreign power had troops on the ground in Afghanistan?
the USSR
This island was originally a Portuguese colony, but was added to Indonesia after independence in the 1970's.
timor
Dalits of India are also referred to as:
untouchables (can't touch this)
Which of the following is India's lingua franca?
urdu
Which of the following was a French possession during the late 19th and early 20th centuries?
vietnam, laos ,c cambodia, all of the above
Who was the first to notice a striking division between species on either side of the deep ocean trench between the islands of Bali and Lombok?
wallace
Sawah is also known as:
wet rice