Geology Final exam

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 17) Which of the following is not a concern related to the practice of hydraulic fracturing or fracking? A) Waste injection fluids are held on the surface in open reservoirs. B) Fracking fluids may contaminate groundwater. C) Injection of fracking fluids may trigger small earthquakes. D) The reservoir rock may have low permeability.

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 19.3—Arid Landscapes of the American West Focus/Concepts: 19.3 ESLI LO: 4.7—Landscapes result from the dynamic interplay between processes that form and uplift new crust and processes that destroy and depress the crust. 18) Which of the following can contain large quantities of evaporite minerals such as borate and halite? A) Playa B) Inselberg C) Alluvial fan D) Bajada

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 19.4—Wind Erosion Focus/Concepts: 19.4 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 26) Which one of the following statements about landforms is correct? A) Alluvial fans typically rim desert valleys. B) Playas form on high cuestas in arid areas. C) Inselbergs are composed of coarse sands and gravels. D) Inselbergs are found in low, circular depressions.

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 7) What is the wave base? A) Water depth equal to 1/2 the distance between successive waves B) Maximum wave height based on wind velocity C) The minimum elevation of a wave before it will start to curl D) The distance up the shore where waves can erode

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 21.1—Climate and Geology Focus/Concepts: 21.1 ESLI LO: 3.8—Earth's climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 3) The ________ refers to water in solid form, such as ice and snow that exists on the Earth's surface. A) Cryosphere B) Atmosphere C) Geosphere D) Biosphere

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 21.6—Human Impact on Global Climate Focus/Concepts: 21.6 ESLI LO: 3.8—Earth's climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. 15 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 42) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) shows data indicating a clear link between human activity and climate change. The IPCC is comprised of ________. A) an authoritative group of trained scientists B) a green industry lobby group whose primary aim is to make a profit C) a group of politicians motivated by a particular ideology D) an uninformed organization of amateurs with little background in atmospheric science

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 22.3—Origin and Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans Focus/Concepts: 22.3 ESLI LO: 2.2—Our Solar System formed from a vast cloud of gas and dust 4.6 billion years ago. 11) Which process is responsible for the oxygen in the atmosphere today? A) Photosynthesis B) Outgassing of volcanoes C) Weathering of carbonate rocks D) Asteroid impact

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.1—Distribution and Causes of Dry Lands Focus/Concepts: 19.1 ESLI LO: 3.8—Earth's climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. 5) Which of the following statements about deserts is true? A) Although rainfalls are infrequent, erosion and deposition related to water are more important than wind in deserts. B) Deserts are located where there are ascending air masses and low atmospheric pressure. C) Deserts are defined by their sand content. D) Deserts are always located in hot, humid coastal areas.

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.2—Geologic Processes in Arid Climates Focus/Concepts: 19.2 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 15) ________ weathering is most common in a desert environment. A) Mechanical B) Erosional C) Chemical D) Dissolution

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.4—Wind Erosion Focus/Concepts: 19.4 ESLI LO: 4.7—Landscapes result from the dynamic interplay between processes that form and uplift new crust and processes that destroy and depress the crust. 12 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 34) The ________ was a period of drought in the 1930s in the United States that resulted in significant dust storms blowing fine sediment for hundreds of miles. A) Dust Bowl B) driftless area C) rainshadow D) basin and range

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.4—Wind Erosion Focus/Concepts: 19.4 ESLI LO: 4.7—Landscapes result from the dynamic interplay between processes that form and uplift new crust and processes that destroy and depress the crust. 33) What is a yardang? A) A wind-sculpted landform oriented parallel to the prevailing wind, often narrow at the base B) A small rock polished and pitted on the exposed surface C) A shallow depression created by deflation D) A pit worn into a rock by circular currents of flowing water

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 4.9—Shorelines move back and forth across continents, depositing sediments that become the surface rocks of the land. 2) What is a berm? A) A flat-topped platform of sand adjacent to dunes or cliffs B) Area landward of the high-tide shoreline C) Wet, sloping surface of the beach D) Build-up of sand where a stream meets the sea

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.2—Beaches and Shoreline Processes Focus/Concepts: 20.2 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 8 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 22) Which of the following locations has a coastline famous for its erosional features such as wave-cut platforms? A) Northern California B) Florida C) North Carolina D) Louisiana

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.5—Hurricanes: The Ultimate Coastal Hazard Focus/Concepts: 20.5 ESLI LO: 8.1—Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes. 35) What prevents hurricanes from developing in the band five degrees on either side of the Equator? A) The Coriolis Effect is too weak. B) Too much precipitation. C) Temperatures are not high enough. D) Lack of wind near the Equator.

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.6—Stabilizing the Shore Focus/Concepts: 20.6 ESLI LO: 9.1—Human activities significantly change the rates of many of Earth's surface processes. 27) Which of the following areas consists of narrow beaches backed by steep cliffs and mountain ranges? A) Pacific Coast B) Atlantic Coast C) Gulf Coast D) Florida shoreline

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.2—Detecting Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.2 ESLI LO: 9.2—Earth scientists use the geologic record to distinguish between natural and human influences on Earth's systems. 11) How can tree rings provide information about past climates? A) Thickness and spacing of tree rings reflect environmental conditions B) Tree rings turn colors depending on the climate C) Tree rings trap gas bubbles that can be used to interpret atmospheric conditions D) Tree rings can measure past CO2 concentrations

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.2—Detecting Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.2 ESLI LO: 9.2—Earth scientists use the geologic record to distinguish between natural and human influences on Earth's systems. 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 9) Which oxygen isotope would be concentrated in glacial ice? A) 16O B) 17O C) 18O

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.2—Detecting Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.2 ESLI LO: 9.2—Earth scientists use the geologic record to distinguish between natural and human influences on Earth's systems. 6 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 15) Why would marine organisms be an important part of climate change studies? A) Different organisms favor different climatic conditions B) Organisms are commonly found in ice cores, and inside them is the makeup of the past atmosphere C) Organisms burrow into the sediment and release CO2 D) Organism distribution shows surface current flows

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.2—Detecting Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.2 ESLI LO: 9.2—Earth scientists use the geologic record to distinguish between natural and human influences on Earth's systems. 8) Which of the following oxygen isotopes is the most common? A) 16O B) 17O C) 18O

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.2—Detecting Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.2 ESLI LO: 9.8—Earth scientists document and seek to understand the impacts of humans on global change over short- and long-time spans. 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 6) Which planktonic marine organism, often found in sea sediments, can be used to make interpretations about past climates? A) Foraminifera B) Clams C) Fish D) Algae

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.3—Some Atmospheric Basics Focus/Concepts: 21.3 ESLI LO: 2.3—Earth formed from the accumulation of dust and gas, and multiple collisions of smaller planetary bodies. 17) What percentage of the atmosphere is carbon dioxide? A) 0.0400% B) 0.152% C) 1% D) 5%

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.3—Some Atmospheric Basics Focus/Concepts: 21.3 ESLI LO: 2.3—Earth formed from the accumulation of dust and gas, and multiple collisions of smaller planetary bodies. 8 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 21) Captain James Kittinger of the U.S. Air Force went up in a balloon to the stratosphere in 1960, and then jumped out, as part of an atmospheric study. He reported feeling like he was floating in space in the stratosphere, even though he was actually free falling. Later, when he reached the troposphere, he could tell he was falling by the ripple on his space suit. Why would that be? A) The stratosphere has less air pressure than the troposphere so would make you feel like you are floating when you are falling through it. B) The stratosphere has more air pressure than the troposphere so would make you feel like you are floating when you are falling through it. C) The troposphere has less air pressure than the stratosphere so would make you feel wind resistance when you are falling through it. D) The troposphere is cooler than the stratosphere so would make you feel wind resistance when you are falling through it.

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.5—Natural Causes of Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.5 ESLI LO: 3.3—Earth exchanges mass and energy with the rest of the Solar System. 11 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 30) What does the 1982 eruption of El Chichón, the 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo, and other volcanic events tells us about climatic effects of such volcanic activity? A) Volcanic activity causes cooling but it only lasts a few years and then the effect disappears. B) Volcanic activity cools the planet therefore one volcanic eruption could nullify any man-made effects. C) Volcanic activity has almost no effect on the planet's weather or climate. D) Volcanic activity warms the planet therefore climate change is not man-made.

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.6—Human Impact on Global Climate Focus/Concepts: 21.6 ESLI LO: 3.3—Earth exchanges mass and energy with the rest of the Solar System. 12 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 33) Which of the following trace gases is not natural to the atmosphere and is purely the result of human activities? A) Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) B) Nitrous oxide C) Argon D) Methane

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.8—Some Consequences of Global Warming Focus/Concepts: 21.8 ESLI LO: 1.2—Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geological evidence. 16 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 45) Why would increasing acidity of the ocean be a problem? A) Acid would dissolve calcium carbonate shells or sea organisms B) Acid will increase the rate of seafloor spreading C) Acid decreases the stability of basaltic rocks on the ocean floor D) Acid would be evaporated and create clouds that precipitate acid rain

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.1—What Makes Earth Habitable? Focus/Concepts: 22.1 ESLI LO: 2.6—Life on Earth began more than 3.5 billion years ago. 2) What geologic era are we in today? A) Cenozoic B) Mesozoic C) Paleozoic D) Precambrian

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.2—Birth of a Planet Focus/Concepts: 22.2 ESLI LO: 2.2—Our Solar System formed from a vast cloud of gas and dust 4.6 billion years ago. 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 7) The earliest period of earth's history is the ________. A) Hadean B) Phanerozoic C) Paleozoic D) Triassic

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.2—Birth of a Planet Focus/Concepts: 22.2 ESLI LO: 2.2—Our Solar System formed from a vast cloud of gas and dust 4.6 billion years ago. 8) A(n) ________ is defined as a cataclysmic, explosive death of a star. A) supernova B) accretion C) planetesimal D) condensation

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.4—Precambrian History: The Formation of Earth's Continents Focus/Concepts: 22.4 ESLI LO: 2.4—Earth's crust has two distinct types: continental and oceanic. 18) The ________ of a continent consists of a core area of Precambrian rocks exposed at the surface with no overlying cover materials. A) shield B) platform C) rift zone D) plateau

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.4—Precambrian History: The Formation of Earth's Continents Focus/Concepts: 22.4 ESLI LO: 2.4—Earth's crust has two distinct types: continental and oceanic. 20) What was the name of the supercontinent that formed approximately 1.1 billion years ago? A) Rodinia B) Pangaea C) Nuna D) Baltica

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.5—Geologic History of the Phanerozoic: The Formation of Earth's Modern Continents Focus/Concepts: 22.5 ESLI LO: 2.1—Earth's rocks and other materials provide a record of its history. 30) The earliest fossil evidence of life is in the form of ________. A) stromatolites B) trilobites C) bryozoans D) brachiopods

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.6—Earth's First Life Focus/Concepts: 22.6 ESLI LO: 6.5—Microorganisms dominated Earth's early biosphere and continue today to be the most widespread, abundant, and diverse group of organisms on the planet. 12 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 34) Of the Appalachian Provinces, this is the westernmost. A) Appalachian Plateau B) Blue Ridge C) Piedmont D) Valley and Ridge

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.7—Paleozoic Era: Life Explodes Focus/Concepts: 22.7 ESLI LO: 6.4—More complex life forms and ecosystems have arisen over the course of Earth's history. 38) When did the first terrestrial plants appear on the land surface? A) 400 million years ago B) 327 million years ago C) 225 million years ago D) 65 million years ago

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.8—Mesozoic Era: Dinosaurs Dominate the Land Focus/Concepts: 22.8 ESLI LO: 6.2—Evolution, including the origination and extinction of species, is a natural and ongoing process. 44) What event was responsible for the extinction of the dinosaurs? A) Meteorite impact in the Yucatan Peninsula B) Eruptions of the Siberian Traps C) Assembly of Pangaea D) Rise of flowering plants

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.8—Mesozoic Era: Dinosaurs Dominate the Land Focus/Concepts: 22.8 ESLI LO: 6.6—Mass extinctions occur when global conditions change faster than species in large numbers can adapt. 45) Tyrannosaurus was a ________. A) bipedal carnivore B) bipedal herbivore C) quadrupedal carnivore D) quadrupedal herbivore

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.1—Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources Focus/Concepts: 23.1 ESLI LO: 7.3—Natural resources are limited. 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 4) Utah's ________ Copper mine is 4 km wide and nearly 900 m deep. A) Bingham B) Cheyenne C) Ogden D) Zion

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 10) Which of the following fossils fuels is the "cleanest" for the environment in the sense that it is most likely to have the lowest sulfur content and the smallest volume of solid ash residue? A) Natural gas B) Anthracite coal C) Heavy, asphaltic crude oil D) Lignite

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 6) Which of the following regions is not one of the top coal-producing states in the United States? A) Idaho B) Pennsylvania C) Wyoming D) West Virginia

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.3—Nuclear Energy Focus/Concepts: 23.3 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 21) Which process releases energy from radioactive materials to produce nuclear power? A) Nuclear fission B) Nuclear fusion C) Gasification D) Nuclear bombardment

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.4—Renewable Energy Focus/Concepts: 23.4 ESLI LO: 7.10—Earth scientists help society move toward greater sustainability. 30) Which of the materials below is an example of biomass fuel? A) Wood B) Uranium C) Oil D) Hot water

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.4—Renewable Energy Focus/Concepts: 23.4 ESLI LO: 7.10—Earth scientists help society move toward greater sustainability. 33) When burned, the chemical energy in biomass is released as ________. A) heat B) light C) sound D) waves

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.6—Igneous and Metamorphic Processes Focus/Concepts: 23.6 ESLI LO: 4.6—Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere. 39) When considering hydrothermal deposits, vein- or fissure-filling deposits of metallic ores such as gold or silver are common in ________. A) rocks of a contact-metamorphic zone that formed around a shallow granite pluton B) pyroclastic materials erupted from a stratovolcano C) impact structures from meteorites D) rocks that form in high-pressure subduction zones

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.7—Mineral Resources Related to Surface Processes Focus/Concepts: 23.7 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 15 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 43) What is the definition of a placer deposit? A) Sorting of particles by a water current according to a material's specific gravity B) Emplacement of hydrothermal fluids into a fracture C) Concentration of minor amounts of metals in soil via weathering D) Metallic deposit near the base of a black smoker due to precipitation

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.7—Mineral Resources Related to Surface Processes Focus/Concepts: 23.7 ESLI LO: 7.6—Soil, rocks, and minerals provide essential metals and other materials for agriculture, manufacturing, and building. 45) List three economic materials that can be profitably extracted from placer deposits. A) Gold, platinum, and tin B) Diamonds, iron, and quartz C) Sand, gravel, and silt D) Granite, basalt, and gabbro

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.1—Our Solar System: An Overview Focus/Concepts: 24.1 ESLI LO: 1.2—Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geological evidence. 9) Mercury is very hot on one side and very cold on the other side. Why might that be the case? A) Long rotation cycle B) Proximity to Saturn C) Short revolution cycle D) Thick atmosphere

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.1—Our Solar System: An Overview Focus/Concepts: 24.1 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 10) What was the name of the manned space missions that have successfully landed on the surface of the moon? A) Apollo B) Gemini C) Mercury D) Sputnik

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.2—Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Focus/Concepts: 24.2 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 12) What is the age of the moon? A) 4.5 billion years B) 5.025 million years C) 3.14 million years D) 4.527 million years

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.2—Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Focus/Concepts: 24.2 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 17) The moon's light-colored areas resemble Earth's continents, so the first observers dubbed them terrae (Latin for "lands"). These areas are now called ________. A) lunar highlands B) maria C) regolith D) terra firma

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.3—Terrestrial Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.3 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 10 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 28) What gas makes up 97% of Venus's atmosphere? A) Carbon dioxide B) Methane C) Hydrogen D) Helium

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.3—Terrestrial Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.3 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 21) Which planet displays retrograde rotation? A) Venus B) Mars C) Neptune D) Saturn

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.4—Jovian Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.4 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 14 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 40) What in particular added to our body of knowledge about Saturn's rings? A) Hubble space telescope B) Ring nebula C) Explorer rover D) Gemini spacecraft

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.4—Jovian Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.4 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 32) What process produces the alternating dark-colored belts and light-colored zones visible on Jupiter? A) Convective flow B) Dust storms on the surface C) Volcanic eruptions along tectonic boundaries D) Acid rain

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: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.2—Groundwater and the Water Table Focus/Concepts: 17.2 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 12) How will the water table respond if part of it goes from being a dry spring to a wet spring? A) Water table will rise. B) Water table will fall. C) Water table will remain the same.

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.5—Small Solar System Bodies Focus/Concepts: 24.5 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 44) Flying by Pluto in July 2015, NASA's New Horizons spacecraft transmitted images of a complex landscape called Sputnik Planum. Which of the following best describes Sputnik Planum? A) A large ice field with tongues of flowing ice B) A large volcanic field with lava flows composed of frozen methane C) A field of overlapping impact craters D) A landscape shaped by flowing water

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1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.5—Small Solar System Bodies Focus/Concepts: 24.5 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 45) Meteorites are classified into these three categories. A) Iron, stony, and stony-iron B) Jovians, terrestrials, and asteroids C) Meteors, meteoroles, and meteoroids D) Oorts, kuipers, and huygens

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1) A ________ is an economically important material that can be replenished over a short time span to be used again. A) renewable resource B) fossil Fuel C) raw material D) nonrenewable resource

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19) Which part of a stream's sediment load moves the slowest? A) Bed load B) Dissolved load C) Suspended load

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2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.3—Some Atmospheric Basics Focus/Concepts: 21.3 ESLI LO: 1.3—Earth science investigations take many different forms. 22) What percentage of solar radiation is reflected back into outer space by the albedo of the Earth? A) 30% B) 20% C) 100% D) 50%

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2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 6 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 16) Which of the following would be a good cap rock for oil and natural gas deposits? A) Shale B) Sandstone C) Limestone D) Conglomerate

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2) The ________ describes the path water takes as it moves between the land, the ocean, and the atmosphere. A) Hydrologic Cycle B) Oxygen Cycle C) Rock Cycle D) Matter State Cycle

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: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 16.4—The Work of Running Water Focus/Concepts: 16.4 ESLI LO: 1.2—Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geological evidence. 23) During what periods would streams see the greatest erosion and transportation of sediment? A) Floods B) Droughts C) When frozen D) When dammed

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: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 16.4—The Work of Running Water Focus/Concepts: 16.4 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 9 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 25) In which part of a stream's course would one typically find bedrock channels? A) Headwaters B) At confluences C) Mouth D) In a delta

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: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.3—Glacial Erosion Focus/Concepts: 18.3 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 18) How is "rock flour" formed? A) A glacier pulverizes rocks B) Rock flour is small pieces of ice that form on the edge of the zone of accumulation C) Rock flour is subsurface sediment that rises due to plastic flow D) Meltwater carries minerals that precipitate

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: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.2—River Systems Focus/Concepts: 16.2 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 7) ________ is the area at the headwaters of a stream where most of the sediment is derived. A) Sediment Production B) Sediment Transport C) Sediment Deposition D) Sediment Load

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: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.2—River Systems Focus/Concepts: 16.2 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 10) What will happen to the water level in the stream if the water table falls below the level of the stream channel? A) The stream will lose water to the groundwater system. B) The stream will gain water from the groundwater system. C) The level of water in the stream will remain constant.

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: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.2—River Systems Focus/Concepts: 16.2 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 8) Which of the following is not one of the three zones of a river system? A) Sediment Capacity Zone B) Sediment Transport Zone C) Sediment Deposition Zone D) Sediment Production Zone

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: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.3—Streamflow Characteristics Focus/Concepts: 16.3 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 15) What is the mouth of a stream? A) The location where one stream flows into another body of water B) The location where streamflow begins C) The location where streamflow evaporates D) The location where streams diverge into distributary channels

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: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.6—Shaping Stream Valleys Focus/Concepts: 16.6 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 11 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 31) A(n) ________ stream is a stream that is in equilibrium and is neither eroding or depositing material, but simply transporting it. A) graded stream B) braided stream C) alluvial stream D) bedrock stream

A

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.1—The Importance of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.1 ESLI LO: 5.3—Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all Earth's systems. 9) Which of the following is not a factor that will influence infiltration of groundwater? A) Acidity of precipitation B) Steepness of the slope C) Nature of surface material D) Intensity of rainfall

A

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.2—Groundwater and the Water Table Focus/Concepts: 17.2 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 15) What is permeability? A) Interconnectedness of pore space in a material B) Ability to transmit water C) When ice crystals deform and slide past each other D) Dissolution of carbonate rock due to acid

A

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.3—Storage and Movement of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.3 ESLI LO: 5.1—Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle. 18) Which of the following materials would make the best aquifer? A) Gravel B) Sandstone C) Clay D) Gneiss

A

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.3—Storage and Movement of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.3 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 23) ________ is when groundwater is being replenished. ________ is when groundwater is flowing back toward the surface. A) Recharge; Discharge B) Drainage; Discharge C) Dissolution; Recharge D) Retention; Capacity

A

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.3—Storage and Movement of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.3 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 9 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 25) ________ is a term used to describe how the water table around a pumping well becomes lowered and roughly conical in shape as water is taken from the subsurface. A) Cone of Depression B) Vadose zone C) Artesian arc D) Aquifer water curve

A

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.4—Wells and Artesian Systems Focus/Concepts: 17.4 ESLI LO: 9.4—Humans affect the quality, availability, and distribution of Earth's water through the modification of streams, lakes, and groundwater. 26) What is the term used to describe the hypothetical line the water in a confined aquifer would rise to if it weren't trapped? A) Potentiometric surface B) Hydraulic gradient C) Darcy's law D) Discharge

A

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.5—Springs, Hot Springs, and Geysers Focus/Concepts: 17.5 ESLI LO: 5.3—Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all Earth's systems. 35) What is the source of much of water in geothermal features such as geysers and hot springs? A) Precipitation B) Water vapor from magma C) Melting glaciers D) Subterranean lakes

A

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.1—Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles Focus/Concepts: 18.1 ESLI LO: 3.8—Earth's climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. 5) The Hubbard Glacier in North America is an example of which kind of glacier? A) Valley B) Ice Sheet C) Piedmont D) Cirque

A

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.1—Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles Focus/Concepts: 18.1 ESLI LO: 5.8—Freshwater is less than 3% of the water at the Earth's surface. 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 4) When was the Last Glacial Maximum? A) 18,000 years ago B) 10,000 years ago C) 100,000 years ago D) 32,000 years ago

A

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.1—Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles Focus/Concepts: 18.1 ESLI LO: 9.3—Humans cause global climate change through fossil fuel combustion, land-use changes, agricultural practices, and industrial processes. 12) Arêtes, horns, and hanging valleys are evidence of ________ glaciation. A) alpine B) ice shelf C) continental D) ice cap

A

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.3—Glacial Erosion Focus/Concepts: 18.3 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 17) Which part of a glacier is responsible for abrasion and plucking? A) Basal sliding zone B) Glacial interior C) Terminus D) Brittle surface zone

A

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.3—Glacial Erosion Focus/Concepts: 18.3 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 13) ________ is an erosional method where meltwater penetrates fractures in subglacial bedrock and freezes. A) Plucking B) Comminuting C) Spalling D) Abrasion

A

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.4—Glacial Deposits Focus/Concepts: 18.4 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 30) Which of the following scenarios can lead to the formation of a kame? A) Sediment accumulates in a hole in the ice. B) Sediment is carried on top of the glacier. C) Sediment collects in subglacial stream channels. D) Sediment covers a stagnant block of ice.

A

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.4—Glacial Deposits Focus/Concepts: 18.4 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 21) ________ is fine silt generated by glaciers that can be carried for long distances by the wind. A) Loess B) Outwash C) Till D) Diamicton

A

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.5—Other Effects of Ice-Age Glaciers Focus/Concepts: 18.5 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 36) How does isostatic rebound affect a glacial landscape after the glacier is removed? A) A depressed crust rises after glacial retreat. B) Advancing glaciers erode bedrock, which allows rock to spring up. C) Meltwater streams deposit sediment, severely depressing the landscape. D) Weight of water forces the crust downward.

A

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.6—The Ice Age Focus/Concepts: 18.6 ESLI LO: 3.8—Earth's climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. 16 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 46) When did the ice-free corridor open in North America, allowing a path for human migration from Asia? A) 12,500 years ago B) 9,000 years ago C) 100,000 years ago D) 7,500 years ago

A

: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.4—Glacial Deposits Focus/Concepts: 18.4 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 9 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 25) Lateral and medial moraines are found in connection with ________ glaciation. A) alpine B) ice shelf C) continental D) ice cap

A

: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.6—Environmental Problems Focus/Concepts: 17.6 ESLI LO: 9.4—Humans affect the quality, availability, and distribution of Earth's water through the modification of streams, lakes, and groundwater. 14 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 40) ________ is a period of abnormally dry weather that persists long enough to produce a significant hydrologic imbalance. A) Drought B) Aridity C) Steppe D) Dehydrate

A

9) A V-shaped valley is characteristic of what age of stream, and has what type of features?

A V-shaped valley characterizes a youthful stream with a steep gradient where downcutting is the dominant activity. The most prominent features will be rapids and waterfalls.

: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 18.2—Formation and Movement of Glacial Ice Focus/Concepts: 18.2 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 21 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 3) How does the formation of a hanging valley differ from the formation of the main glacial trough?

A hanging valley forms in what was originally a significantly smaller stream bed that was a tributary to the main channel.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 2) What is the difference between a resource and a reserve?

A resource is a useful mineral ultimately available commercially, whereas a reserve is a previously identified deposit from which minerals can be extracted profitably.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 21.5—Natural Causes of Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.5 ESLI LO: 8.5—Natural hazards can be local or global in origin. 6) How does the residence time of aerosols in the atmosphere compare to that of greenhouse gases?

Aerosols stay in the atmosphere for a few weeks or months. Greenhouse gases remain for centuries.

8) Which type of channel (bedrock or alluvial) will have meandering streams?

Alluvial

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 21.2—Detecting Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.2 ESLI LO: 9.2—Earth scientists use the geologic record to distinguish between natural and human influences on Earth's systems. 2) Why is the Earth heated primarily by radiation from the Earth's surface?

Although shortwave radiation can penetrate the atmosphere, longwave radiation such as that radiated by the Earth cannot and gets trapped by certain gases in the atmosphere.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 20.5—Hurricanes: The Ultimate Coastal Hazard Focus/Concepts: 20.5 ESLI LO: 8.1—Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes. 2) Why are the tides more pronounced at full moon and new moon as opposed to first-quarter and third-quarter phase.

At full moon and new moon phase the sun and moon are aligned in the same plane and thus working together while at first-quarter and third-quarter phase they are at right angles to each other (perpendicular) and thus pulling in opposite directions.

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.1—Earth as a System: The Hydrologic Cycle Focus/Concepts: 16.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 2) When will the most runoff be generated: at the beginning of a series of storms or at the end?

At the end

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 19.2—Geologic Processes in Arid Climates Focus/Concepts: 19.2 ESLI LO: 5.3—Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all Earth's systems. 12) In a desert environment, in which area would surface water infiltrate into the local groundwater system most effectively? A) Playa lakes with thick mud bottoms B) Streams flowing across an alluvial fan C) Streams flowing across bare bedrock D) Steep-walled mountain streams

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 19.5—Wind Deposits Focus/Concepts: 19.5 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 38) Long ridges of sand that form more or less parallel to the prevailing wind where sand supplies are moderate are called ________ dunes. A) barchan B) longitudinal C) parabolic D) star

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 21.6—Human Impact on Global Climate Focus/Concepts: 21.6 ESLI LO: 9.3—Humans cause global climate change through fossil fuel combustion, land-use changes, agricultural practices, and industrial processes. 38) Temperature increases in polar regions as a result of climate change are generally ________ the global average. A) lower than B) greater than C) equal to

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 22.4—Precambrian History: The Formation of Earth's Continents Focus/Concepts: 22.4 ESLI LO: 2.7—Over Earth's vast history, both gradual and catastrophic processes have produced enormous changes. 8 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 22) A(n) ________ is a period when a supercontinent rifts into fragments, spreads apart, and the fragments reassemble into a new supercontinent. A) convection cycle B) supercontinent cycle C) suturing cycle D) orogenic cycle

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 22.8—Mesozoic Era: Dinosaurs Dominate the Land Focus/Concepts: 22.8 ESLI LO: 6.2—Evolution, including the origination and extinction of species, is a natural and ongoing process. 15 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 43) Which of the following is a modern descendant of the gymnosperm plants of the Mesozoic? A) Orchids B) Junipers C) Lichen D) Oaks

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 23.1—Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources Focus/Concepts: 23.1 ESLI LO: 7.7—Earth scientists and engineers develop new technologies to extract resources while reducing the pollution, waste, and ecosystem degradation caused by extraction. 5) Which of the following is not a fossil fuel? A) Coal B) Bauxite C) Natural gas D) Petroleum

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 5 Section: 19.2—Geologic Processes in Arid Climates Focus/Concepts: 19.2 ESLI LO: 9.5—Human activities alter the natural land surface. 17) Which of the following desert landforms is carved from solid rock rather than consisting of accumulated sediments? A) Playa B) Inselberg C) Alluvial fan D) Bajada

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.1—Distribution and Causes of Dry Lands Focus/Concepts: 19.1 ESLI LO: 3.8—Earth's climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 7) Which of the following areas is known for its rainshadow deserts? A) The Sahara Desert in Africa B) South America east of the Andes C) Central Iran D) Great Valley of Central California

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.1—Distribution and Causes of Dry Lands Focus/Concepts: 19.1 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 6) About what percentage of Earth's land area is covered by dry regions such as deserts and steppes? A) 14 % B) 30 % C) 9 % D) 50 %

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.2—Geologic Processes in Arid Climates Focus/Concepts: 19.2 ESLI LO: 4.7—Landscapes result from the dynamic interplay between processes that form and uplift new crust and processes that destroy and depress the crust. 6 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 16) Native Americans made drawings on desert varnish known as ________. A) hieroglyphs B) petroglyphs C) sanskrits D) speleothems

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.3—Arid Landscapes of the American West Focus/Concepts: 19.3 ESLI LO: 4.7—Landscapes result from the dynamic interplay between processes that form and uplift new crust and processes that destroy and depress the crust. 10 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 28) Which mechanical weathering process is most common in an arid environment? A) Salt wedging B) Abrasion C) Root wedging D) Exfoliation

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.3—Arid Landscapes of the American West Focus/Concepts: 19.3 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 23) ________ refers to the bouncing motion sands will display when transported by moving water or wind. A) Yardang B) Saltation C) Deflation D) Slithering

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.4—Wind Erosion Focus/Concepts: 19.4 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 9 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 25) Why is it so difficult for wind to pick up clay-sized particles? A) They are too large for the wind to carry. B) The wind has a near-zero velocity closest to the surface and can't pick them up. C) The clay particles are often buried under larger sediments. D) There is too much clay to carry.

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.5—Wind Deposits Focus/Concepts: 19.5 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 13 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 37) The central United States is covered with extensive deposits of loess. Where did this loess come from? A) Alluvium deposited during major floods B) Rock flour from the braid plains of Pleistocene glacial streams and rivers C) Decomposing sandstone from the St. Peter Sandstone D) Weathering and erosion of western mountains

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.5—Wind Deposits Focus/Concepts: 19.5 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 36) Deposits of silt carried by blowing winds are referred to as ________. A) deflation deposits B) loess C) eolian sands D) alluvium

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 14) Abrasion will be greatest in which part of the beach environment? A) Offshore Zone B) Surf Zone C) Backshore D) Berms

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 13) In addition to other areas, Superstorm Sandy struck ________ in October 2012. A) Florida B) New Jersey C) South Carolina D) Texas

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 8) If the distance from one wave crest to the next is 10 ft., what will the depth to the wave base be? A) 2 ft. B) 5 ft. C) 11 ft. D) 20 ft.

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.2—Beaches and Shoreline Processes Focus/Concepts: 20.2 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 17) ________ is a strong current formed by backwash concentrated into small channels and flows rapidly away from the beach. A) Refraction B) Rip currents C) Eddies D) Longshore currents

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.2—Beaches and Shoreline Processes Focus/Concepts: 20.2 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 20) If you happen to be caught in a rip current, what is the best way to get to safety? A) Swim straight toward shore. B) Swim parallel to the shore. C) Swim further out to sea. D) Tread water and do nothing.

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.3—Shoreline Features Focus/Concepts: 20.3 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 39) During the last glaciation, a large tongue of glacial ice occupied Lake Michigan for thousands of years. Now, several thousand years after the retreat of the ice, an emergent coastline is developing along part of the lake. What geologic process is creating an emergent coastline in Lake Michigan? A) Lake levels are falling. B) Rebound of a depressed crust. C) Subsidence of the land surface around the lake. D) Accumulation of dunes on the beach.

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.4—Contrasting America's Coasts Focus/Concepts: 20.4 ESLI LO: 4.9—Shorelines move back and forth across continents, depositing sediments that become the surface rocks of the land. 30) A(n) ________ coast will be created when sea level falls or the land is uplifted. A) exposed B) emergent C) submergent D) eroded

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.5—Hurricanes: The Ultimate Coastal Hazard Focus/Concepts: 20.5 ESLI LO: 1.3—Earth science investigations take many different forms. 33) Hurricanes get their energy from ________ water. A) cold B) warm C) fresh D) still

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.6—Stabilizing the Shore Focus/Concepts: 20.6 ESLI LO: 9.1—Human activities significantly change the rates of many of Earth's surface processes. 26) Which of the following is an artificial coastal feature? A) baymouth bar B) Jetty C) Spit D) Tombolo

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.2—Detecting Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.2 ESLI LO: 9.2—Earth scientists use the geologic record to distinguish between natural and human influences on Earth's systems. 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 12) What material makes up the shells of many marine microorganisms? A) NO2 B) CaCO3 C) SiO2 D) NaCl

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.3—Some Atmospheric Basics Focus/Concepts: 21.3 ESLI LO: 1.3—Earth science investigations take many different forms. 20) In which layer of the atmosphere is the ozone layer found? A) Troposphere B) Stratosphere C) Thermosphere D) Mesosphere

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.4—Heating the Atmosphere Focus/Concepts: 21.4 ESLI LO: 2.3—Earth formed from the accumulation of dust and gas, and multiple collisions of smaller planetary bodies. 26) Precession refers to ________. A) changes in Earth's orbit path around the sun B) Earth wobbling on its axis C) Earth's axis changing its angle of tilt D) moonrise arriving 50 minutes later each day.

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.4—Heating the Atmosphere Focus/Concepts: 21.4 ESLI LO: 3.3—Earth exchanges mass and energy with the rest of the Solar System. 23) Which of the following is not one of the three paths taken by incoming solar radiation? A) Radiation passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed by the surface. B) Radiation is deflected by the magnetic field. C) Radiation is reflected back into space by clouds, atmosphere, snow, and ice. D) Radiation is absorbed by clouds and atmospheric gases.

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.4—Heating the Atmosphere Focus/Concepts: 21.4 ESLI LO: 3.4—Earth's systems interact over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. 10 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 27) How will explosive volcanic eruptions affect global temperatures? A) Temperatures will rise B) Temperatures will lower C) Temperatures will remain the same

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.5—Natural Causes of Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.5 ESLI LO: 9.2—Earth scientists use the geologic record to distinguish between natural and human influences on Earth's systems. 29) The higher temperatures during the Cretaceous Period were the result of ________. A) the Milankovich Cycle B) additional carbon dioxide in the atmosphere C) increased sunspot activity D) changing locations of continents

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.5—Natural Causes of Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.5 ESLI LO: 9.2—Earth scientists use the geologic record to distinguish between natural and human influences on Earth's systems. 31) What was the approximate increase in global temperature during the twentieth century? A) 0.5°C B) 0.8°C C) 1.0°C D) 1.5°C

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.6—Human Impact on Global Climate Focus/Concepts: 21.6 ESLI LO: 9.3—Humans cause global climate change through fossil fuel combustion, land-use changes, agricultural practices, and industrial processes. 13 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 36) How can agriculture be responsible for increasing the amount of methane in the atmosphere? A) Crops like corn and soybeans add methane to the atmosphere B) Methane is emitted by bacteria in the gut of agricultural animals, such as cattle and sheep C) Overtilling the land will cause the soil to break down and release greenhouse gases D) Fumes from liquid fertilizer are opening holes in the ozone

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.6—Human Impact on Global Climate Focus/Concepts: 21.6 ESLI LO: 9.3—Humans cause global climate change through fossil fuel combustion, land-use changes, agricultural practices, and industrial processes. 34) What substance is responsible for the increasing concentrations of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere? A) Coolants in refrigerators B) Fertilizers C) Fossil fuels D) Nuclear waste

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.7—Predicting Future Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.7 ESLI LO: 3.8—Earth's climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. 14 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 39) How will melting permafrost in polar regions lead to a positive feedback loop that will continue to warm the climate, which will allow for more permafrost to melt? A) Buried CFCs will be released from contaminants in frozen vegetation B) Methane will be released as the vegetation thaws C) Nitrous oxide will be trapped in the meltwater generated and pulled out of the atmosphere D) Carbon dioxide is sequestered in the water infiltrating the landscape

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.8—Some Consequences of Global Warming Focus/Concepts: 21.8 ESLI LO: 9.1—Human activities significantly change the rates of many of Earth's surface processes. 47) Which coastline will be more significantly impacted by sea level change: the Pacific Coast or the Atlantic Coast and why? A) The Pacific Coast, as there are more people living there B) The Atlantic Coast, as it has a gently sloping shoreline C) The Pacific Coast, as it has a steeply sloping shoreline D) The Atlantic Coast, as there are more buildings along the shoreline

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.2—Birth of a Planet Focus/Concepts: 22.2 ESLI LO: 2.2—Our Solar System formed from a vast cloud of gas and dust 4.6 billion years ago. 5) What is the name of the theory that describes the formation of the universe? A) Theory of Gravitational Attraction B) Big Bang Theory C) Theory of Continental Drift D) Solar Nebula Theory

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.3—Origin and Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans Focus/Concepts: 22.3 ESLI LO: 2.2—Our Solar System formed from a vast cloud of gas and dust 4.6 billion years ago. 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 10) Why is there virtually no hydrogen and helium present in the atmosphere today? A) These gases were burned off by solar radiation. B) The gravitational force of Earth was not strong enough to hold them. C) These gases were consumed by rock-forming processes. D) Acid rain removed these gases from the atmosphere.

B

1) Traditionally, a region is defined as a desert if it receives less than ________ centimeters of rain per year. A) 10 B) 25 C) 15 D) 2

B

1) Which of the following spheres is not part of the climate system? A) Cryosphere B) Asthenosphere C) Hydrosphere D) Biosphere

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.4—Precambrian History: The Formation of Earth's Continents Focus/Concepts: 22.4 ESLI LO: 2.1—Earth's rocks and other materials provide a record of its history. 17) What is a craton? A) The highly deformed, leading edge of a continent where subduction is occurring B) The oldest part of a continent that has not been significantly deformed for 600 million years C) An exotic terrane being accreted to a landmass D) A down-dropped graben bounded by normal faults

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.4—Precambrian History: The Formation of Earth's Continents Focus/Concepts: 22.4 ESLI LO: 2.4—Earth's crust has two distinct types: continental and oceanic. 7 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 19) The ________ of a continent consists of Precambrian rocks of the craton covered by a thin mantle of sedimentary rocks. A) shield B) platform C) rift zone D) plateau

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.4—Precambrian History: The Formation of Earth's Continents Focus/Concepts: 22.4 ESLI LO: 2.6—Life on Earth began more than 3.5 billion years ago. 15) Where is the oldest known rock on Earth located? A) Ural Mountains, Russia B) Slave Craton, Alberta, Canada C) Gobi Desert, Mongolia D) Dharwar Craton, India

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.4—Precambrian History: The Formation of Earth's Continents Focus/Concepts: 22.4 ESLI LO: 2.7—Over Earth's vast history, both gradual and catastrophic processes have produced enormous changes. 24) During which geologic time period did Pangaea form? A) Precambrian B) Late Paleozoic Era C) Mesozoic Era D) Mid-Cretaceous Era

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.5—Geologic History of the Phanerozoic: The Formation of Earth's Modern Continents Focus/Concepts: 22.5 ESLI LO: 2.1—Earth's rocks and other materials provide a record of its history. 29) Laurasia was ________. A) Africa, East Asia, and Siberia B) North America, Northern Europe, and Siberia C) North America, South America, and Western Africa D) South America, Africa, and Mongolia

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.5—Geologic History of the Phanerozoic: The Formation of Earth's Modern Continents Focus/Concepts: 22.5 ESLI LO: 2.1—Earth's rocks and other materials provide a record of its history. 35) The ________ Period was called the golden age of trilobites, resulting in more than 600 genera of these organisms. A) Silurian B) Cambrian C) Jurassic D) Mississippian

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.6—Earth's First Life Focus/Concepts: 22.6 ESLI LO: 6.5—Microorganisms dominated Earth's early biosphere and continue today to be the most widespread, abundant, and diverse group of organisms on the planet. 11 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 31) Which of the following organisms is defined as a primitive, single-celled organism that lacks separation between the nucleus and the rest of the cell? A) Eukaryote B) Prokaryote C) Brachiopod D) Bryozoan E) All of the above

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.7—Paleozoic Era: Life Explodes Focus/Concepts: 22.7 ESLI LO: 6.4—More complex life forms and ecosystems have arisen over the course of Earth's history. 13 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 37) The ________ refers to a huge expansion in biodiversity 530 million years ago, which also marks the first appearance of invertebrate organisms. A) Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event B) Cambrian Explosion C) Rise of Reptiles D) Great Dying

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.7—Paleozoic Era: Life Explodes Focus/Concepts: 22.7 ESLI LO: 6.4—More complex life forms and ecosystems have arisen over the course of Earth's history. 36) In what geologic period did lobe-finned fish adapt to terrestrial environments? A) Cambrian B) Devonian C) Triassic D) Ordovician

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.8—Mesozoic Era: Dinosaurs Dominate the Land Focus/Concepts: 22.8 ESLI LO: 6.2—Evolution, including the origination and extinction of species, is a natural and ongoing process. 42) Flying reptiles such as the Archaeopteryx led to the evolution of ________. A) dinosaurs B) birds C) mammals D) insects

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.9—Cenozoic Era: Mammals Diversify Focus/Concepts: 22.9 ESLI LO: 6.2—Evolution, including the origination and extinction of species, is a natural and ongoing process. 47) Which group of animals will bear live young that are underdeveloped and must stay in the mother's pouch to complete their development? A) Placentals B) Marsupials C) Prokaryotes D) Angiosperms

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.9—Cenozoic Era: Mammals Diversify Focus/Concepts: 22.9 ESLI LO: 6.4—More complex life forms and ecosystems have arisen over the course of Earth's history. 17 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 49) The earliest fossils of our genus are Homo ________. A) erectus B) habilis C) neandertalis D) sapiens

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 11) Which U.S. state was the nation's leader in coal production as of 2014? A) Pennsylvania B) Wyoming C) Texas D) West Virginia

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 20) What radioactive material is the main fuel used to produce nuclear energy? A) Uranium-238 B) Uranium-235 C) Lead-207 D) Thorium-232

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 7 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 19) What might be the difference between coal from Kansas versus coal from eastern Pennsylvania? A) The Kansas coal is anthracite coal while Pennsylvania coal is lignite B) The Kansas coal is bituminous while the Pennsylvania coal is anthracite C) The Kansas coal is a higher grade than that of eastern Pennsylvania D) The Kansas coal is a fossil fuel while the Pennsylvania coal is not

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.3—Nuclear Energy Focus/Concepts: 23.3 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 24) Due to its potential groundwater contamination and induced seismicity, ________ remains controversial and is the subject of much research. A) fault traps B) hydraulic fracturing C) oil sands D) salt domes

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.3—Nuclear Energy Focus/Concepts: 23.3 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 8 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 22) Although rare in Earth's crust, some of the most important deposits of uranium are associated with ________. A) lake sediments B) placer deposits C) ancient sand dunes D) geysers

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.6—Igneous and Metamorphic Processes Focus/Concepts: 23.6 ESLI LO: 4.6—Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere. 38) ________ deposits such as gold and silver are generated from hot, ion-rich fluids. A) Kimberlite B) Hydrothermal C) Placer D) Evaporite

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.6—Igneous and Metamorphic Processes Focus/Concepts: 23.6 ESLI LO: 4.6—Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere. 41) The mineral bauxite is refined to produce ________ for economic use. A) iron B) aluminum C) copper D) gold

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.6—Igneous and Metamorphic Processes Focus/Concepts: 23.6 ESLI LO: 7.4—Resources are distributed unevenly around the planet. 13 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 37) Which igneous rock will form through crystallization in a fluid-rich environment with enhanced ion migration? A) Scoria B) Pegmatite C) Obsidian D) Basalt

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.1—Our Solar System: An Overview Focus/Concepts: 24.1 ESLI LO: 1.2—Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geological evidence. 8) Orbital periods of Jovian planets range from ________ to ________ years. A) 6; 44 B) 12; 165 C) 27; 318 D) 38; 627

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.1—Our Solar System: An Overview Focus/Concepts: 24.1 ESLI LO: 1.3—Earth science investigations take many different forms. 3) An estimated 99.85% of the mass in the Solar System is concentrated in ________. A) Jupiter B) the sun C) the Kuiper Belt D) the terrestrial planets

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.1—Our Solar System: An Overview Focus/Concepts: 24.1 ESLI LO: 2.3—Earth formed from the accumulation of dust and gas, and multiple collisions of smaller planetary bodies. 6) How many planets are in our Solar System? A) 5 B) 8 C) 10 D) 13

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.2—Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Focus/Concepts: 24.2 ESLI LO: 1.3—Earth science investigations take many different forms. 11) Which of the following processes created the lunar maria? A) Solar winds eroded wide, shallow basins, which were later filled with ejecta. B) Large impact craters were then filled with basaltic lava flows. C) Liquid water flowed across the landscape, which later froze. D) Rocks exposed to the solar winds oxidized.

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.2—Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Focus/Concepts: 24.2 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 14) The major bombardment period that shaped much of the surface of the moon ended ________. A) 5.0 billion years ago B) 3.8 billion years ago C) 2.2 billion years ago D) 767 million years ago

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.3—Terrestrial Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.3 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 24) The largest shield volcano in the Solar System is ________ and is located on ________. A) Maat Mons; Venus B) Olympus Mons; Mars C) Mauna Kea; Earth D) Sif Mons; Venus

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.3—Terrestrial Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.3 ESLI LO: 4.5—Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries. 26) Which of the following physical features has not yet been found on Mars? A) Polar ice caps B) H2O-rich atmosphere C) Extinct volcanoes D) Sand dunes

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.4—Jovian Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.4 ESLI LO: 1.3—Earth science investigations take many different forms. 13 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 37) Which two satellites are the only ones in the Solar System known to have substantial atmosphere? A) Neptune's moon Triton and Jupiter's moon Io B) Saturn's moon Titan and Neptune's moon Triton C) Uranus's moon Miranda and Saturn's moon Rhea D) Jupiter's moon Io and Earth's moon

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.4—Jovian Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.4 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 11 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 31) The reason Jupiter has so many moons around it is that ________. A) these small moons are in the process of accreting to become one larger moon B) many bodies were either captured by Jupiter's gravity or were the remnants of collisions with other bodies C) the moons are an asteroid field from a planet that failed to form D) the moons are the result of massive volcanic eruptions on the planet

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.4—Jovian Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.4 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 33) The most volcanically active body in the Solar System is ________. A) Mars B) Io C) Ganymede D) Earth

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.4—Jovian Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.4 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 35) ________ is a moon of Saturn. A) Io B) Tethys C) Ganymede D) Europa

B

1) The ________ is the line that marks the contact between land and sea. A) beach B) shoreline C) interface D) foreshore

B

2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.7—Earth scientists and engineers develop new technologies to extract resources while reducing the pollution, waste, and ecosystem degradation caused by extraction. 18) The most common type of gas hydrate is ________. A) oxygen hydrate B) methane hydrate C) iron hydrate D) copper hydrate

B

2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 11) Circular orbital motion in waves will occur in ________ water. A) still B) deep C) shallow D) evaporating

B

31) What geologic process is responsible for the geothermal features in Yellowstone National Park? A) Radioactive minerals near the surface B) Volcanic activity C) Abnormal volumes of rain D) Normal geothermal gradient

B

4) About ________ of global precipitation falls on land and flows on and below the surface. A) one-eighth B) one-fourth C) one half D) three-fourths

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 16.4—The Work of Running Water Focus/Concepts: 16.4 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 20) ________ is the maximum load of solid particles a stream can transport per unit time. A) Corrosion B) Capacity C) Competence D) Carbonate

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 17.2—Groundwater and the Water Table Focus/Concepts: 17.2 ESLI LO: 1.2—Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geological evidence. 11) The ________ is the point in the subsurface where 100% of the pore spaces are filled with water. A) Vadose Zone B) Zone of Saturation C) Zone of Accumulation D) Capillary Fringe

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 17.2—Groundwater and the Water Table Focus/Concepts: 17.2 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 14) To be a gaining stream, the elevation of the water table must be ________ than that of the surface of the stream. A) lower B) higher C) heavier D) lighter

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 17.2—Groundwater and the Water Table Focus/Concepts: 17.2 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 13) How will the water table respond when there is a drought? A) Water table will rise. B) Water table will fall. C) Water table will remain the same.

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 17.3—Storage and Movement of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.3 ESLI LO: 4.6—Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere. 7 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 19) In order for an aquifer to be useful for reliable water extraction, what kind of porosity and permeability should it have? A) Low porosity, low permeability B) High porosity, high permeability C) Low porosity, high permeability D) High porosity, low permeability

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 17.3—Storage and Movement of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.3 ESLI LO: 5.2—Water is essential for life on Earth. 20) What force pushes groundwater from pore space to pore space when below the water table? A) Gravity B) Hydraulic gradient C) Hydraulic conductivity D) Artesian pressure

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.3—Glacial Erosion Focus/Concepts: 18.3 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 12 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 34) What name do we give to large boulders that have been carried long distances by glacial ice? A) Drumlins B) Erratics C) Outwashes D) Rouche moutonees

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.3—Glacial Erosion Focus/Concepts: 18.3 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 20) ________ are stratified sands and gravels carried away from the glacial terminus by meltwater. A) Loess B) Outwash C) Till D) Diamicton

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.5—Other Effects of Ice-Age Glaciers Focus/Concepts: 18.5 ESLI LO: 4.1—Earth's geosphere changes through geologic, hydrologic, physical, chemical, and biological processes that are explained by universal laws. 13 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 37) What is a pluvial lake? A) A lake that forms on the margins of glaciers from glacial meltwater B) A lake that fills in an arid/semiarid region due to increased precipitation in a cooler, wetter climate C) A lake forming from a stagnant piece of melting glacial ice caught between two recessional moraines D) A subterranean lake forming in a sinkhole

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.2—River Systems Focus/Concepts: 16.2 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 11) Streams will tend to lengthen thanks to ________ erosion. A) delta B) headward C) land-based D) valley

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.2—River Systems Focus/Concepts: 16.2 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 6) The ________ is an imaginary line that divides an entire continent into large drainage basins. A) Appalachian Mountains B) Continental Divide C) Watershed D) Sediment production zone

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.3—Streamflow Characteristics Focus/Concepts: 16.3 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 13) What is the longitudinal profile? A) The cross-sectional area perpendicular to the direction of flow B) The cross-sectional area from the headwaters to the mouth C) The slope of the stream channel from headwaters to the mouth D) The probability of a specific stream discharge occurring in a given year

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.5—Stream Channels Focus/Concepts: 16.5 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 30) What is base level? A) The highest elevation streams can be found B) The downward limit of erosion C) The transition from a straight channel stream to a meandering stream D) The gradient line along the longitudinal profile of the stream

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.6—Shaping Stream Valleys Focus/Concepts: 16.6 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 12 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 34) What is a flood? A) When dry weather results in a high discharge B) When discharge in a river exceeds the river's capacity C) When a dam is constructed and forces sedimentation D) When changes in gradient result in the abandonment of meander loops

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.6—Shaping Stream Valleys Focus/Concepts: 16.6 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 32) ________ are flat areas along streams that are created by the deposition of alluvium and is subject to periodic inundation. A) Terraces B) Floodplains C) Riffles D) Bars

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.6—Shaping Stream Valleys Focus/Concepts: 16.6 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 33) Niagara Falls are supported by a resistant bed of ________ that is underlain by less resistant ________. A) conglomerate; schist B) dolostone; shale C) granite; gneiss D) shale; limestone

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.8—Floods and Flood Control Focus/Concepts: 16.8 ESLI LO: 9.4—Humans affect the quality, availability, and distribution of Earth's water through the modification of streams, lakes, and groundwater. 13 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 37) Which of the following scenarios represents the best nonstructural approach to flood control? A) Building an artificial levee 2 feet taller than the highest recorded flood B) Managing a floodplain to limit development in sensitive areas C) Paving the floodplain to increase the velocity of floodwaters D) Creating a series of dams and reservoirs to store floodwater and release it slowly over time

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.1—The Importance of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.1 ESLI LO: 5.3—Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all Earth's systems. 8) What percentage of groundwater use goes to public supply? A) 8 B) 21 C) 36 D) 49

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.1—The Importance of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.1 ESLI LO: 5.8—Freshwater is less than 3% of the water at the Earth's surface. 2) What percentage of Earth's liquid freshwater is in the form of groundwater? A) 97.2% B) 96% C) 0.62% D) 0.03%

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.3—Storage and Movement of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.3 ESLI LO: 1.2—Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geological evidence. 8 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 22) A typical rate of groundwater flow for many aquifers is approximately ________. A) 1 cm/day B) 4 cm/day C) 0.5 m/day D) 2 m/day

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.4—Wells and Artesian Systems Focus/Concepts: 17.4 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 10 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 28) A perched water table is normally located ________ the main aquifer and is an aquifer that is ________ than the main aquifer. A) above; larger than B) above; smaller than C) below; larger than D) below; smaller than

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.6—Environmental Problems Focus/Concepts: 17.6 ESLI LO: 9.4—Humans affect the quality, availability, and distribution of Earth's water through the modification of streams, lakes, and groundwater. 38) Which of the following materials would be the best natural filter, removing contaminants from groundwater over a long period of time? A) Fractured granite B) Slightly clayey sand C) Conglomerate D) Mica schist

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.7—The Geologic Work of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.7 ESLI LO: 4.6—Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere. 15 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 43) While on vacation, you visit a local Imax theater and see a movie about cave diving in the Yucatan Peninsula. In one of the caves, which is currently filled with water, you notice the divers swimming past some stalactites and stalagmites. If the water table is now above the level of the ceiling of the cave, what does the presence of the cave decorations indicate about past water table levels? A) The water table was much higher, and the increased water brought in extra material to form the decorations. B) The water table was much lower, and the features were formed by water dripping from the ceiling into an air-filled chamber. C) The water table has always been at that level and the cave decorations formed through the fracturing of the ceiling. D) The water table has always been high, but molten material was able to extrude underwater.

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.7—The Geologic Work of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.7 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 42) The general term used to describe cave deposits is ________. A) cave pearls B) dripstone C) bicarbonate D) dissolution features

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.1—Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles Focus/Concepts: 18.1 ESLI LO: 5.8—Freshwater is less than 3% of the water at the Earth's surface. 2) Although we know that the total amount of ice is shrinking, at the present time what percentage of the Earth's land surface is currently covered by glacial ice? A) 2% B) 10% C) 15% D) 33%

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.1—Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles Focus/Concepts: 18.1 ESLI LO: 5.8—Freshwater is less than 3% of the water at the Earth's surface. 6) Which of the following ice bodies is an example of alpine glaciation? A) Valley B) Ice Sheet C) Ice Cap D) Iceberg

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.1—Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles Focus/Concepts: 18.1 ESLI LO: 5.8—Freshwater is less than 3% of the water at the Earth's surface. 9) ________ is an elevation point above which snow remains throughout the year. A) Firn B) Snowline C) Grounding line D) Surge

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.2—Formation and Movement of Glacial Ice Focus/Concepts: 18.2 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 11) Why are the ice shelves off Antarctica breaking off? A) Biological activity B) Global warming C) Shifts in Earth's axis D) Wave activity

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.2—Formation and Movement of Glacial Ice Focus/Concepts: 18.2 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 10) Which crevasse will form perpendicular to the terminus as a glacier moves over a change in slope? A) Bergschrund B) Longitudinal C) Transverse D) Moulin

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.3—Glacial Erosion Focus/Concepts: 18.3 ESLI LO: 5.8—Freshwater is less than 3% of the water at the Earth's surface. 6 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 16) A(n) ________ is a sharp, knife-edged ridge that forms between two valley glaciers. A) horn B) arête C) col D) moraine

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.4—Glacial Deposits Focus/Concepts: 18.4 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 29) Which of the following descriptions does not specifically apply to sediments carried away from the glacier by meltwater streams? A) Deposited in stratified layers B) Composed of clay-rich materials C) Often well sorted D) Composed of sands and gravels

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.4—Glacial Deposits Focus/Concepts: 18.4 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 26) Which of the following best explains the formation of a medial moraine on a glacier? A) A gravel pile that marks periods of glacial readvancement B) A ridge of debris carried down the center of glacial ice C) Sands and gravels that fill a subglacial stream channel D) A ridge of debris carried along the sides of an advancing glacier

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.5—Other Effects of Ice-Age Glaciers Focus/Concepts: 18.5 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 38) One of the most famous drumlins is ________, a scene of a Revolutionary War battle. A) Antietam B) Bunker Hill C) Gettysburg D) Camden

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.6—The Ice Age Focus/Concepts: 18.6 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 42) Which glacial erosion feature is likely to contain a waterfall today? A) Tarn B) Hanging valley C) Esker D) Horn

B

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.6—The Ice Age Focus/Concepts: 18.6 ESLI LO: 7.2—Geology affects the distribution and development of human populations. 47) The end of the last glacial cycle has led to unloading of the land surface in Canada and Scandinavia, producing glacial ________. A) accumulation B) rebound C) plucking D) saltation

B

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.8—Nonmetallic Mineral Resources Focus/Concepts: 23.8 ESLI LO: 7.3—Natural resources are limited. 20 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 23.3 Short Answer Questions 1) How are oceanic gas hydrates produced?

Bacteria break down organic matter trapped in seafloor sediments to produce methane gas. The gases combine with water to create a latticelike cage of water molecules.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.1—Distribution and Causes of Dry Lands Focus/Concepts: 19.1 ESLI LO: 3.8—Earth's climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. 8) Within water-deficient regions, two climatic types are recognized. What are they? A) Subpolar high and subpolar low B) Ephemeral and playa C) Desert and steppe D) Saltation and tropical

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 5) When will a deepwater wave change to a shallow water wave as it approaches shore? A) Wave period > twice the water depth B) Wavelength = 1/2 water depth C) Wavelength = 2 times water depth D) Wave period > 1/2 water depth

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 6) The vertical distance between trough and crest is called the wave ________. A) base B) period C) height D) length

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.1—Distribution and Causes of Dry Lands Focus/Concepts: 19.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 11) Why do deserts lack thick deposits of soil? A) Low temperatures and high soil moisture contents accelerate chemical weathering. B) Warm temperatures and high soil moisture contents accelerate chemical weathering. C) Warm temperatures and low soil moisture contents allow some mechanical weathering. D) Temperature has no effect on rock weathering.

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.1—Distribution and Causes of Dry Lands Focus/Concepts: 19.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 4) Most dry lands exist between ________ degrees latitude on either side of the equator. A) 50 and 60 B) 35 and 40 C) 20 and 30 D) 0 and 10

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.1—Distribution and Causes of Dry Lands Focus/Concepts: 19.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 2) From a climatological perspective, a region is a desert if ________. A) yearly precipitation exceeds evaporation B) yearly precipitation is equal to evaporation C) yearly precipitation is less than evaporation

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.1—Distribution and Causes of Dry Lands Focus/Concepts: 19.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 10) Deserts form in the subtropical regions as a result of ________. A) ascending air masses B) polar vortexes C) subsiding air masses D) trade winds that go from east to west

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.2—Geologic Processes in Arid Climates Focus/Concepts: 19.2 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 14) There are many names for ephemeral desert streams that remain empty for most of the year. Which of the following is not another name for an ephemeral desert stream? A) Arroyo B) Wadi C) Playa D) Wash

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.3—Arid Landscapes of the American West Focus/Concepts: 19.3 ESLI LO: 4.7—Landscapes result from the dynamic interplay between processes that form and uplift new crust and processes that destroy and depress the crust. 20) Why doesn't interior drainage, such as the drainage that develops in deserts, flow out of the desert? A) The water flows underground. B) The water fills large lakes. C) The water evaporates before the stream can exit the desert region. D) The water freezes.

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.3—Arid Landscapes of the American West Focus/Concepts: 19.3 ESLI LO: 4.7—Landscapes result from the dynamic interplay between processes that form and uplift new crust and processes that destroy and depress the crust. 27) Which set of characteristics would best fit a geologically recent fault-block mountain uplift? A) Large, broad bajadas with many inselbergs B) Small playas and large alluvial fans C) Flat upland surface, steep slopes, and small alluvial fans D) Extensive playas ringed by large sand dunes

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.3—Arid Landscapes of the American West Focus/Concepts: 19.3 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 8 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 22) A steep-sided, flat-topped desert hill is known as a(n) ________. A) butte B) inselberg C) mesa D) playa

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.3—Arid Landscapes of the American West Focus/Concepts: 19.3 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 21) How was the Salt Pan at Death Valley created? What is the name of such a desert feature? A) Stream erosion; wadi B) Precipitation; nullah C) Evaporation; playa D) Chemical reactions; ephemeral

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.4—Wind Erosion Focus/Concepts: 19.4 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 11 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 31) There is no one maximum depth for desert blowouts. They vary in depth depending on conditions present at the location. What controls the depth of all blowouts? A) Force of the moving wind B) Velocity of water eddy C) Elevation of water table D) Amount of water available for dissolution of underlying materials

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.4—Wind Erosion Focus/Concepts: 19.4 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 24) Which size(s) of sediment commonly make up most of wind's suspended load? A) Sand B) Clay C) Silt D) Gravel

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 4.9—Shorelines move back and forth across continents, depositing sediments that become the surface rocks of the land. 3) What is the fetch? A) Ocean currents that move in a direction parallel to the beach B) The area of quiet water where deposition is taking place C) A large area of open water over which wind blows to generate waves D) Erosion of coastal cliffs creating wave-cut benches

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 10) Defined by breaking waves in the surf zone, which two terms describe the directions of water movement associated with a wave breaking on the beach? A) Fetch and swell B) Emergence and submergence C) Swash and backwash D) Surf and beach

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.2—Beaches and Shoreline Processes Focus/Concepts: 20.2 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 15) What term describes the bending of waves? A) Reflection B) Oscillation C) Refraction D) Frequency

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.2—Beaches and Shoreline Processes Focus/Concepts: 20.2 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 18) Which of the following will not occur as the result of longshore currents? A) Zigzag pattern of water movement B) Transportation of sand C) Refraction of waves D) Periodic changes in the overall direction of flow parallel to the shore

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.2—Beaches and Shoreline Processes Focus/Concepts: 20.2 ESLI LO: 8.1—Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes. 21) Why does Hawaii have black sands on some beaches? A) Biological activity turns the sand black B) The sand is not black but refraction makes it appear so C) The source rock being weathered is nearby basalt D) The sun's heat turns the sand black

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.3—Shoreline Features Focus/Concepts: 20.3 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 24) A ________ is a hard shoreline stabilization feature, detached from the shoreline, that protects shorelines from the pounding of waves by creating an area of quiet water behind it. A) groin B) seawall C) breakwater D) jetty

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.3—Shoreline Features Focus/Concepts: 20.3 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 29) A(n) ________ coast will be created when sea level rises or the land subsides. A) exposed B) emergent C) submergent D) eroded

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.4—Contrasting America's Coasts Focus/Concepts: 20.4 ESLI LO: 4.7—Landscapes result from the dynamic interplay between processes that form and uplift new crust and processes that destroy and depress the crust. 14 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 40) Which of the following coastal features is not a characteristic of a submergent coastline? A) Barrier islands B) Estuaries C) Wave-cut platform D) Irregular coastlines

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.4—Contrasting America's Coasts Focus/Concepts: 20.4 ESLI LO: 4.9—Shorelines move back and forth across continents, depositing sediments that become the surface rocks of the land. 11 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 31) The lower portions of many river valleys were flooded by the rise in sea level that followed the end of the Quaternary ________, creating large estuaries such as Chesapeake and Delaware Bays A) Appalachian orogeny B) Atlantic transgression C) Ice age D) Pangaea breakup

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.4—Contrasting America's Coasts Focus/Concepts: 20.4 ESLI LO: 4.9—Shorelines move back and forth across continents, depositing sediments that become the surface rocks of the land. 42) What generates tides on the earth? A) Gravitational repulsion of the sun B) Melting of ice sheets C) Gravitational attraction of the moon D) Upwelling of methane gas

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.5—Hurricanes: The Ultimate Coastal Hazard Focus/Concepts: 20.5 ESLI LO: 8.1—Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes. 13 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 37) For a hurricane to form, the temperature must be at least ________ in the ocean waters A) 15° C (60° F) B) 27° C (80° F) C) 30° C (85° F) D) 32° C (90° F)

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.5—Hurricanes: The Ultimate Coastal Hazard Focus/Concepts: 20.5 ESLI LO: 8.1—Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes. 36) What are the three categories of damage caused by hurricanes? A) Eye, eye wall, and clouds B) Wavelength, wave crest, and wave height C) Storm surge, wind damage, and inland flooding D) Shoreline erosion, flooding, and barometric pressure

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.1—Climate and Geology Focus/Concepts: 21.1 ESLI LO: 3.1—The four major systems of Earth are the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. 2) Which of the following best illustrates the connection between climate and geologic processes? A) Water coming off a cooling magma emplaces metallic ores B) Hydrothermal vents near a mid-ocean rift create chimneys of mineral deposits C) Heavy rainfalls trigger debris flows D) Arid climates make sea level drop

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.2—Detecting Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.2 ESLI LO: 1.3—Earth science investigations take many different forms. 7) Why is the use of proxy data necessary when studying past climate change? A) Modern recording instruments are skewed by pollutants in the atmosphere B) Modern data has been biased by religious influence or political ideologies C) Instrumental records only go back a couple of centuries and are more incomplete the older they are D) Geological and atmospheric changes occurring at the time work differently than today

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.2—Detecting Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.2 ESLI LO: 9.2—Earth scientists use the geologic record to distinguish between natural and human influences on Earth's systems. 10) What materials are sampled to study 16O:18O ratios during past climates? A) Sea sediments B) Tree rings C) Marine microorganisms D) Atmosphere

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.2—Detecting Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.2 ESLI LO: 9.2—Earth scientists use the geologic record to distinguish between natural and human influences on Earth's systems. 13) Which of the following can be used as a marine paleothermometer? A) Tree rings B) Pollen C) Coral D) Aerosols

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.3—Some Atmospheric Basics Focus/Concepts: 21.3 ESLI LO: 5.1—Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle. 19) What is the molecular formula for ozone? A) O2 B) CO2 C) O3 D) H2O

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.6—Human Impact on Global Climate Focus/Concepts: 21.6 ESLI LO: 9.2—Earth scientists use the geologic record to distinguish between natural and human influences on Earth's systems. 32) Which of the following trace gases does not contribute to climate change? A) CFCs B) Nitrous oxide C) Argon D) Methane

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.6—Human Impact on Global Climate Focus/Concepts: 21.6 ESLI LO: 9.3—Humans cause global climate change through fossil fuel combustion, land-use changes, agricultural practices, and industrial processes. 41) What effect will black carbon deposits have on glacial ice? A) Black carbon will insulate the ice, preserving it B) Black carbon will slow the rate of melting C) Black carbon will absorb more heat, increasing melting D) Black carbon has no effect on glacial ice

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.8—Some Consequences of Global Warming Focus/Concepts: 21.8 ESLI LO: 4.9—Shorelines move back and forth across continents, depositing sediments that become the surface rocks of the land. 44) What is produced when carbon dioxide dissolves in seawater? A) Calcium carbonate B) Sulfuric acid C) Carbonic acid D) Sodium chloride

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.8—Some Consequences of Global Warming Focus/Concepts: 21.8 ESLI LO: 9.7—Human activities significantly alter the biosphere. 46) Sea level rise is a combination of ________ and ________ as the climate becomes warmer. A) freezing ice; increasing salinity B) evaporation; sublimation C) melting ice; thermal expansion D) plate tectonics; mountain uplift

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.1—What Makes Earth Habitable? Focus/Concepts: 22.1 ESLI LO: 2.1—Earth's rocks and other materials provide a record of its history. 3) A region around a host star where a planet with sufficient atmospheric pressure can maintain liquid water on its surface is known as a(n) ________. A) assemblage B) Cenozoic C) habitable zone D) precambrian

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.2—Birth of a Planet Focus/Concepts: 22.2 ESLI LO: 2.2—Our Solar System formed from a vast cloud of gas and dust 4.6 billion years ago. 6) The solar system formed 4.6 billion years ago from a large rotating cloud of interstellar dust and gas called a solar ________. A) corona B) flare C) nebula D) spot

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.3—Origin and Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans Focus/Concepts: 22.3 ESLI LO: 1.2—Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geological evidence. 14) Scientific knowledge of many events of the Precambrian is limited because ________. A) metamorphism altered and deformed many rocks B) plate tectonics consumed many of the oldest tectonic plates C) very few rocks formed during that time D) many ancient rocks have been eroded or covered by a mantle of sediments

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.3—Origin and Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans Focus/Concepts: 22.3 ESLI LO: 1.2—Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geological evidence. 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 13) Earth's first enduring atmosphere came as a result of ________. A) comets bringing gases when the collided with earth B) gas emissions from bovines C) outgassing from volcanoes D) swamp emissions of methane

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.3—Origin and Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans Focus/Concepts: 22.3 ESLI LO: 6.8—Life changes the physical and chemical properties of Earth's geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. 12) What is the molecular formula for ozone? A) O B) O2 C) O3 D) O4

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.4—Precambrian History: The Formation of Earth's Continents Focus/Concepts: 22.4 ESLI LO: 2.1—Earth's rocks and other materials provide a record of its history. 6 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 16) The oldest known terrestrial material (a zircon included in a younger rock) dates back to 4.4 billion years ago. Where is this material located? A) Dharwar Craton, India B) Slave Craton, Alberta, Canada C) Jack Hills, Western Australia D) Grenville Terrance, United States

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.4—Precambrian History: The Formation of Earth's Continents Focus/Concepts: 22.4 ESLI LO: 2.7—Over Earth's vast history, both gradual and catastrophic processes have produced enormous changes. 23) Ancient exposed cratons are known as ________. A) accretions B) batholiths C) shields D) terranes

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.5—Geologic History of the Phanerozoic: The Formation of Earth's Modern Continents Focus/Concepts: 22.5 ESLI LO: 2.7—Over Earth's vast history, both gradual and catastrophic processes have produced enormous changes. 9 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 25) During which period did the break-up of Pangaea begin? A) Permian B) Tertiary C) Triassic D) Jurassic

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.5—Geologic History of the Phanerozoic: The Formation of Earth's Modern Continents Focus/Concepts: 22.5 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 27) Subduction of the ________ Plate beneath the North American Plate at approximately 60 million years ago resulted in the ________ Orogeny that created the Rocky Mountains. A) Pacific; Taconic B) South American; Nevadan C) Farallon; Laramide D) African; Alleghanian

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.6—Earth's First Life Focus/Concepts: 22.6 ESLI LO: 6.5—Microorganisms dominated Earth's early biosphere and continue today to be the most widespread, abundant, and diverse group of organisms on the planet. 32) One hypothesis for the formation of life suggests that amino acids were carried ready-made to Earth by ________. A) solar radiation B) prokaryotes C) carbonaceous chondrites D) lightning

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.8—Mesozoic Era: Dinosaurs Dominate the Land Focus/Concepts: 22.8 ESLI LO: 6.2—Evolution, including the origination and extinction of species, is a natural and ongoing process. 41) For how long were dinosaurs the dominant species on the Earth? A) 5 million years B) 37 million years C) 160 million years D) 546 million years

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.8—Mesozoic Era: Dinosaurs Dominate the Land Focus/Concepts: 22.8 ESLI LO: 6.6—Mass extinctions occur when global conditions change faster than species in large numbers can adapt. 16 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 46) The dominant plant group in the Cenozoic Era is ________. A) exosperms B) methanogens C) angiosperms D) gymnosperms

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.1—Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources Focus/Concepts: 23.1 ESLI LO: 7.10—Earth scientists help society move toward greater sustainability. 2) A ________ is an economically important material that cannot be replenished in a reasonable time frame, so once it has been consumed, there will not be any more. A) recycled material B) renewable resource C) nonrenewable resource D) plastic

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 12) Some of the largest crude oil reserves in the world, collected in an anticline trap, are found ________. A) on land in Texas B) in the deeper waters of the Gulf of Mexico C) in Saudi Arabia D) on the continental slope in the North Sea

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 15) Which of the following would be a good reservoir rock for oil and natural gas? A) Shale B) Slate C) Sandstone D) Granite

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.3—Nuclear Energy Focus/Concepts: 23.3 ESLI LO: 7.4—Resources are distributed unevenly around the planet. 23) The nuclear power plant in ________, Japan, suffered a catastrophic nuclear accident in 2011, consisting of a series of equipment failures, nuclear meltdowns, and releases of radioactive material. A) Chernobyl B) Mount St. Helens C) Fukushima D) Manilla

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.4—Renewable Energy Focus/Concepts: 23.4 ESLI LO: 7.10—Earth scientists help society move toward greater sustainability. 10 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 28) Which country has the greatest installed capacity of wind turbines worldwide, creating more than 114,000 megawatts of electricity in 2014? A) United States B) Germany C) China D) Australia

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.4—Renewable Energy Focus/Concepts: 23.4 ESLI LO: 7.10—Earth scientists help society move toward greater sustainability. 11 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 31) ________ collection and ________ collection are used to harness solar energy for consumption. A) Magnetic; hydraulic B) Human; mechanical C) Passive; active D) Aquatic; filtration

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.4—Renewable Energy Focus/Concepts: 23.4 ESLI LO: 7.10—Earth scientists help society move toward greater sustainability. 12 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 34) The most abundant element in the Earth's crust is ________. A) aluminum B) iron C) oxygen D) silicon

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.4—Renewable Energy Focus/Concepts: 23.4 ESLI LO: 7.10—Earth scientists help society move toward greater sustainability. 27) Photovoltaic cells are used to generate ________ energy. A) tidal B) nuclear C) solar D) hydroelectric

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.4—Renewable Energy Focus/Concepts: 23.4 ESLI LO: 7.10—Earth scientists help society move toward greater sustainability. 29) The first country to generate electricity geothermally was ________ in 1904. A) Japan B) New Zealand C) Italy D) Mexico City

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.4—Renewable Energy Focus/Concepts: 23.4 ESLI LO: 7.10—Earth scientists help society move toward greater sustainability. 32) Of the following regions, which has the greatest potential for onshore wind energy? A) Florida B) Oregon C) Texas D) West Virginia

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.5—Mineral Resources Focus/Concepts: 23.5 ESLI LO: 7.4—Resources are distributed unevenly around the planet. 35) How concentrated must a metal be in order to be considered an ore? A) 0.00000068% of the crust B) 8.1% of the crust C) It depends on economy and technology. D) If there is any metal present in a rock, it can be mined.

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.7—Mineral Resources Related to Surface Processes Focus/Concepts: 23.7 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 16 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 46) Which mineral resource is the main component for plaster and drywall? A) Diamonds B) Calcite C) Gypsum D) Talc

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.7—Mineral Resources Related to Surface Processes Focus/Concepts: 23.7 ESLI LO: 7.6—Soil, rocks, and minerals provide essential metals and other materials for agriculture, manufacturing, and building. 42) Deeply weathered tropical soils that develop in warm, rainy climates are called ________. A) tillites B) placers C) laterites D) methane hydrates

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.1—Our Solar System: An Overview Focus/Concepts: 24.1 ESLI LO: 1.3—Earth science investigations take many different forms. 2) The ________ explains the formation of the Solar System by describing how the sun and planets formed from a rotating cloud of interstellar gases. A) transit of Venus B) escape velocity C) nebular theory D) theory of plate tectonics

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.1—Our Solar System: An Overview Focus/Concepts: 24.1 ESLI LO: 2.2—Our Solar System formed from a vast cloud of gas and dust 4.6 billion years ago. 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 7) ________ is the speed required for an object to escape a planet's gravitational force. A) Obliquity B) Impact weathering C) Escape velocity D) Terminal velocity

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.1—Our Solar System: An Overview Focus/Concepts: 24.1 ESLI LO: 2.3—Earth formed from the accumulation of dust and gas, and multiple collisions of smaller planetary bodies. 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 4) What is a planetesimal? A) A rotating cloud of interstellar gases B) A celestial body that orbits the sun but cannot clear its own neighborhood C) Rocky material accreted through repeated collisions D) The core of a star that has gone through a nova

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.1—Our Solar System: An Overview Focus/Concepts: 24.1 ESLI LO: 2.3—Earth formed from the accumulation of dust and gas, and multiple collisions of smaller planetary bodies. 5) What substance makes up the core of large Jovian planets like Saturn? A) Mercury B) Hydrogen C) Iron D) Ice

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.2—Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Focus/Concepts: 24.2 ESLI LO: 2.2—Our Solar System formed from a vast cloud of gas and dust 4.6 billion years ago. 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 13) What kinds of rocks were most commonly retrieved from the lunar highlands? A) Flood basalts B) Granite C) Anorthosite D) Frozen hydrogen

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.2—Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Focus/Concepts: 24.2 ESLI LO: 2.3—Earth formed from the accumulation of dust and gas, and multiple collisions of smaller planetary bodies. 15) Because of the low relative mass, the gravitational attraction on the moon is ________ that of the Earth. A) 1/2 B) 1/4 C) 1/6 D) 1/8

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.2—Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Focus/Concepts: 24.2 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 7 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 19) The planet Mercury absorbs most of the sunlight that strikes its surface. Why is so little reflected back to outer space? A) Mercury has a great deal of frozen methane on its surface. B) The planet is covered by a thick haze. C) Mercury has little or no atmosphere. D) The surface of Mercury has not been disturbed by meteorite impacts.

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.3—Terrestrial Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.3 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 20) Only a few thousand impact craters have been identified on Venus's surface, even though it, too, would have experienced the same heavy bombardment period that affected Mercury and the moon. Why does Venus appear relatively unscathed? A) Venus was not impacted. B) The gravitational forces of Mercury deflected the meteorites. C) Venus's surface was reshaped by extensive volcanism. D) Extensive stream networks buried the impact sites with sediments.

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.3—Terrestrial Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.3 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 29) What is true of volcanism on Venus? A) It is dormant B) Its volcanoes are considerably smaller than that on Earth C) High surface pressures keep the gaseous components in lava from escaping D) High temperatures prevent lava from moving

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.3—Terrestrial Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.3 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 8 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 22) Because of an extreme ________, surface temperatures on Venus average more than 450°C. A) friction B) impact C) greenhouse effect D) volcanic eruption

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.3—Terrestrial Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.3 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 9 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 25) Which of the following best describes the process that resulted in the Valles Marineris on Mars? A) Stream erosion carved a deep central valley. B) A comet skimmed across the surface of the planet. C) Down-faulting created graben-like valleys. D) A violent volcanic eruption blasted out a long caldera.

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.4—Jovian Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.4 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 36) Which scientist first observed the rings of Saturn in 1610? A) Christian Huygens B) Isaac Newton C) Galileo Galilei D) Johannes Kepler

C

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.5—Small Solar System Bodies Focus/Concepts: 24.5 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 15 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 43) ________ is the largest known asteroid. A) Pluto B) Eris C) Ceres D) Andromeda

C

1) The first primitive organisms on Earth came into existence approximately ________ years ago. A) 10,000 B) 550 million C) 3.8 billion D) 4.6 billion

C

1) What is infiltration?A) The transition from liquid to gas as a result of increases in temperatureB) Plants taking in waterC) Water soaking into the groundD) Water running off the surface and entering a channel

C

1) What percentage of the Earth's total freshwater is in the form of groundwater? A) 97.2% B) 94% C) 30.1% D) 0.03%

C

2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.4—Jovian Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.4 ESLI LO: 1.3—Earth science investigations take many different forms. 41) ________ are small, solid, extraterrestrial particles that will burn and glow when passing through Earth's atmosphere. A) Comets B) Asteroids C) Meteoroids D) Mesocoronas

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 16.4—The Work of Running Water Focus/Concepts: 16.4 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 24) ________ involves the removal of blocks from the bed of a stream channel. A) Capacitating B) Fracturing C) Quarrying D) Weathering

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.1—Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles Focus/Concepts: 18.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 8) The Laurentide Ice Sheet is an example of ________ glaciation. A) alpine B) valley C) continental D) ice cap

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.4—Glacial Deposits Focus/Concepts: 18.4 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 35) ________ are former river valleys that were oriented parallel to the direction of ice flow and were scoured deeper by advancing glacial ice. A) Hanging valleys B) Paternosters C) Finger lakes D) Kettle lakes

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.4—Glacial Deposits Focus/Concepts: 18.4 ESLI LO: 7.6—Soil, rocks, and minerals provide essential metals and other materials for agriculture, manufacturing, and building. 32) Which state would you not expect to contain drumlins, eskers, and kettle lakes? A) Minnesota B) New York C) Tennessee D) Michigan

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.6—The Ice Age Focus/Concepts: 18.6 ESLI LO: 4.1—Earth's geosphere changes through geologic, hydrologic, physical, chemical, and biological processes that are explained by universal laws. 45) ________ refers to the change in the angle Earth's axis makes with the plane of our planet's orbit. A) Subduction B) Eccentricity C) Obliquity D) Precession

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.2—River Systems Focus/Concepts: 16.2 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 9) Streams generally receive their water from two sources. What are those two sources? A) Lakes and meteorites B) Meteorites and comets C) Overland flow and groundwater D) Groundwater and evaporation

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.3—Streamflow Characteristics Focus/Concepts: 16.3 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 14) How will channel velocity change along the longitudinal profile of a stream? A) Velocity will remain constant for the entire length of the stream. B) Velocity will start high and gradually decrease toward the mouth due to increasing discharge downstream. C) Velocity will start low and gradually increase toward the mouth due to increasing discharge downstream.

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.3—Streamflow Characteristics Focus/Concepts: 16.3 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 6 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 16) A stream's gradient is referring to the ________ of a stream. A) discharge B) height C) slope D) velocity

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.4—The Work of Running Water Focus/Concepts: 16.4 ESLI LO: 1.2—Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geological evidence. 8 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 22) In terms of competence, if the velocity of the stream triples, the impact force of the water will increase ________ times. A) two B) three C) nine D) eighteen

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.4—The Work of Running Water Focus/Concepts: 16.4 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 21) ________ is a measure of a stream's ability to transport particles based on size rather than quantity. A) Corrosion B) Capacity C) Competence D) Carbonate

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.5—Stream Channels Focus/Concepts: 16.5 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 27) A ________ stream consists of a complex network of converging and diverging channels that weave around channel bars. A) straight channel B) meandering stream C) braided stream D) bedrock channel

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.8—Floods and Flood Control Focus/Concepts: 16.8 ESLI LO: 9.4—Humans affect the quality, availability, and distribution of Earth's water through the modification of streams, lakes, and groundwater. 36) Why are urban areas susceptible to flash floods? A) Oil, gasoline, and other auto fluids repel more water into the stream system B) City sewers promote flooding of city streets and parking areas C) A high percentage of the surface area is covered with cement, asphalt, and other impervious materials D) Construction materials promote rapid absorption of precipitation, which puts excess water into the stream system

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.1—The Importance of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.1 ESLI LO: 5.8—Freshwater is less than 3% of the water at the Earth's surface. 3) Which of the following uses the largest percentage of the Earth's groundwater? A) Mining B) Hydroelectric power C) Irrigation D) Public consumption

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.2—Groundwater and the Water Table Focus/Concepts: 17.2 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 17) ________ is the portion of groundwater that is retained as a film on particle and rock surfaces and in tiny openings in the subsurface. A) Surface tension B) Infiltration C) Specific retention D) Capacity

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.2—Groundwater and the Water Table Focus/Concepts: 17.2 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 4 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 10) If gravity pulls infiltrating water downward, what force allows water to be pulled upward at the capillary fringe? A) Static electricity B) Friction C) Surface tension D) Compression

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.3—Storage and Movement of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.3 ESLI LO: 1.2—Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geological evidence. 6 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 16) Some of the water that soaks into the ground from the surface does not travel far because it is held by molecular attraction as a surface film on soil particles. This near-surface zone is called the zone of ________. A) aeration B) saturation C) soil moisture D) vadose

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.3—Storage and Movement of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.3 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 24) Why is the aquitard a necessary part of any groundwater system? A) It absorbs excess water, thus keeping the aquifer from overflowing B) It prevents water from reaching the aquifer, thus allowing it to be retained at the surface C) It serves like the bottom of a bucket, allowing water in the aquifer above to be held in place. D) It stores groundwater, and is thus a critical part of the zone of saturation

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.4—Wells and Artesian Systems Focus/Concepts: 17.4 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 27) Which of the following regions is famous for its artesian wells? A) Central Illinois B) Florida C) Western South Dakota D) Coastal Maine

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.4—Wells and Artesian Systems Focus/Concepts: 17.4 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 29) A water tower sending water into your home is most like a ________ artesian well and if your pipes were not sealed ________. A) flowing; water would flow out of them B) flowing; water would sink back into the aquifer C) nonflowing; water would flow out of them D) nonflowing; water would sink back into the aquifer

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.5—Springs, Hot Springs, and Geysers Focus/Concepts: 17.5 ESLI LO: 4.2—Earth, like other planets, is still cooling, though radioactive decay continuously generates heat. 12 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 34) What mineral substance makes up most geyser deposits? A) Travertine B) Sandstone C) Sinter D) Obsidian

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.5—Springs, Hot Springs, and Geysers Focus/Concepts: 17.5 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 36) Why do geysers spout periodically and then go quiet? A) Large rainstorms overflow underwater chambers, producing steam B) Magma varies between very hot and less hot, thus causing geyser eruptions to come and go. C) Steam builds up in empty chambers and is released, thus relieving pressure D) Steaming water tends to contract, crushing rocks

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.6—Environmental Problems Focus/Concepts: 17.6 ESLI LO: 5.3—Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all Earth's systems. 39) California's Central Valley is an important agricultural area for U.S. fruit and vegetable production. Because of the semiarid climate there, farmers must irrigate their crops. Which environmental problem do you anticipate as a result? A) Saltwater contamination B) Fluvial erosion C) Land subsidence D) Water acidification

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.1—Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles Focus/Concepts: 18.1 ESLI LO: 5.8—Freshwater is less than 3% of the water at the Earth's surface. 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 7) Glaciers form because of the accumulation of large amounts of ice and snow. Which of the following provides the most water needed to create glaciers? A) Groundwater B) Geysers C) Oceans D) Streams

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.1—Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles Focus/Concepts: 18.1 ESLI LO: 5.8—Freshwater is less than 3% of the water at the Earth's surface. 3) Which of the following locations does not currently have glaciers? A) Norway B) Antarctica C) Scotland D) Alaska

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.3—Glacial Erosion Focus/Concepts: 18.3 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 15) A ________ is a small, circular lake that occupies a cirque basin. A) drift B) marsh C) tarn D) fenster

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.4—Glacial Deposits Focus/Concepts: 18.4 ESLI LO: 4.7—Landscapes result from the dynamic interplay between processes that form and uplift new crust and processes that destroy and depress the crust. 27) Deposits of stratified sands and gravels transported from the glacial margin by meltwater are called a(n) ________ when adjacent to an ice sheet and a(n) ________ when adjacent to an alpine glacier. A) lateral moraine; kame B) drumlin; outwash plain C) outwash plain; valley train D) terminus; esker

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.4—Glacial Deposits Focus/Concepts: 18.4 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 8 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 22) ________ is unsorted, unstratified, bimodal sediment directly deposited by the glacial ice. A) Loess B) Outwash C) Till D) Diamicton

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.6—The Ice Age Focus/Concepts: 18.6 ESLI LO: 3.8—Earth's climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. 14 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 40) Which continent had the greatest area covered by glaciers at the height of the Ice Age? A) South America B) Asia C) North America D) Europe

C

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.6—The Ice Age Focus/Concepts: 18.6 ESLI LO: 3.8—Earth's climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. 44) How would plate tectonics explain the glaciation at the end of the Paleozoic Era, when no evidence of glacial ice can be found in high-latitude areas of North America and Eurasia? A) The climate was too warm for glacial ice on those continents. B) The glaciation was very small. C) The continents were joined to form Pangaea, which was located around the South Pole. D) There was an increased amount of solar radiation penetrating the atmosphere above those continents.

C

: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 17.5—Springs, Hot Springs, and Geysers Focus/Concepts: 17.5 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 6) What physical features are evidence of a karst landscape?

Caves, sinkholes, disappearing streams, solution valleys.

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.4—The Work of Running Water Focus/Concepts: 16.4 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 6) If clay particles are smaller than silt particles, why is it easier for moving water to pick up silt?

Clay will adhere to other clay particles, which makes it act like a larger particle and would therefore need a higher velocity.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.4—Jovian Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.4 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 19 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 24.3 Short Answer Questions 1) Provide three examples of planetesimals.

Comet, meteors, asteroids

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 21.5—Natural Causes of Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.5 ESLI LO: 8.5—Natural hazards can be local or global in origin. 5) What effect does plate tectonics have on changing ocean currents?

Continents are moved to different locations, meaning that some of the currents that existed previously no longer exist, but new ones exist in new locations.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 21.4—Heating the Atmosphere Focus/Concepts: 21.4 ESLI LO: 3.2—All Earth processes are the result of energy flowing and mass cycling within and between Earth's systems. 3) How can the changing location of continents affect climate change?

Continents can shift poleward over time, changing the climate on them. Also, moving landmasses can change oceanic currents, which can change heat transfer patterns around the globe.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 19.2—Geologic Processes in Arid Climates Focus/Concepts: 19.2 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 13) What is the definition of an ephemeral stream? A) A distributary channel on a stream delta B) A stream that meanders back and forth across a valley C) A stream that has interweaving channels and is choked with sediment D) An intermittent stream that only has water after specific episodes of rain

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 19.4—Wind Erosion Focus/Concepts: 19.4 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 32) A(n) ________ is a smooth, polished rock that has been abraded by the wind. A) blowout B) bajada C) inselberg D) ventifact

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 21.1—Climate and Geology Focus/Concepts: 21.1 ESLI LO: 3.8—Earth's climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. 5) ________ is the study and reconstruction of past climates through the use of proxy data. A) Climatology B) Hydrology C) Glaciology D) Paleoclimatology

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 21.6—Human Impact on Global Climate Focus/Concepts: 21.6 ESLI LO: 9.3—Humans cause global climate change through fossil fuel combustion, land-use changes, agricultural practices, and industrial processes. 37) According to Figure 21.25, the year 1998 was significantly warmer than 2008. Why do we still say the Earth is warming? A) Comparing single years is not a good way to understand Earth's climate B) Long-term trends show that there is significant warming since the Industrial Revolution began C) Recognizing the overall trend line shows us more accurate trends. D) All of the above are correct

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 21.6—Human Impact on Global Climate Focus/Concepts: 21.6 ESLI LO: 9.3—Humans cause global climate change through fossil fuel combustion, land-use changes, agricultural practices, and industrial processes. 43) According to research, how much has sea level risen since 1870? A) 7 cm B) 10 cm C) 1 cm D) 25 cm

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.1—Distribution and Causes of Dry Lands Focus/Concepts: 19.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 3) A true desert is defined by a lack of what substance? A) Oxygen B) Plant life C) Rocks D) Water

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.1—Distribution and Causes of Dry Lands Focus/Concepts: 19.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 9) Parts of the Olympic and Cascade Mountains in western Washington have precipitation greater than ________ centimeters. A) 100 B) 200 C) 300 D) 400

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.3—Arid Landscapes of the American West Focus/Concepts: 19.3 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 7 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 19) Which desert location in the United States consists of alternating mountain ranges and flatbottomed valleys as a result of fault-block mountains? A) Rocky Mountains B) Ohio River Valley C) Marathon Uplift D) Basin and Range Province

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.4—Wind Erosion Focus/Concepts: 19.4 ESLI LO: 4.7—Landscapes result from the dynamic interplay between processes that form and uplift new crust and processes that destroy and depress the crust. 29) What makes up the bulk of the wind-transported suspended load? A) Clay B) Pebbles C) Sand D) Silt

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.4—Wind Erosion Focus/Concepts: 19.4 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 30) What process creates desert blowouts? A) Moving water B) Evaporation C) Herd animals pawing at the ground D) Deflation by wind

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.4—Wind Erosion Focus/Concepts: 19.4 ESLI LO: 8.3—Human activities can contribute to the frequency and intensity of some natural hazards. 35) ________ are mounds and ridges of sand that are deposited by the wind. A) Ventifacts B) Desert pavements C) Blowouts D) Dunes

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 5.1—Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle. 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 4) Under which conditions will a wave be considered a deepwater wave? A) Wavelength > 1/2 water depth B) Wave height > water depth C) Wavelength > 1/2 wave height D) Water depth > 1/2 wavelength

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 12) Which circumstance will force a wave displaying circular orbital motion to slow down at the base, which allows the wave to break? A) The water gets deeper. B) The seafloor is uneven. C) The wave is refracted. D) The wave feels bottom with shallower depth.

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.2—Beaches and Shoreline Processes Focus/Concepts: 20.2 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 6 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 16) ________ form when waves that approach the beach at an angle and produce a net current direction that is parallel to the shore, resulting in beach drift. A) Refractions B) Rip currents C) Eddies D) Longshore currents

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.2—Beaches and Shoreline Processes Focus/Concepts: 20.2 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 7 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 19) Which of the following scenarios is not related to wave refraction? A) Waves approach the shore at an angle. B) Sediment deposition will be concentrated in quiet areas such as bays and protected water. C) Erosion is focused on the front and sides of headlands. D) Large quantities of sand are carried from estuaries and deposited on the seacoast side of a barrier island system.

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.3—Shoreline Features Focus/Concepts: 20.3 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 23) Which of the following locations has a coastline famous for its depositional features such as barrier islands? A) Northern California B) Baja Peninsula, Mexico C) Oregon D) North Carolina

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.4—Contrasting America's Coasts Focus/Concepts: 20.4 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 10 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 28) A ridge of sand that connects an island to the mainland or to another island is known as a ________. A) baymouth bar B) longshore drift C) spit D) tombolo

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.4—Contrasting America's Coasts Focus/Concepts: 20.4 ESLI LO: 4.9—Shorelines move back and forth across continents, depositing sediments that become the surface rocks of the land. 41) How has sea level changed over the last few thousand years? A) It has risen 1 cm per millennium. B) It has remained constant. C) It has fallen 25 cm per century. D) It has risen about 10 cm per century.

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.4—Contrasting America's Coasts Focus/Concepts: 20.4 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 32) What system of measurement is used to categorize the strength of a hurricane? A) Richter Scale B) Mercalli Scale C) Fujita Scale D) Saffir-Simpson Scale

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.5—Hurricanes: The Ultimate Coastal Hazard Focus/Concepts: 20.5 ESLI LO: 8.1—Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes. 12 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 34) Which central part of a hurricane is characterized by a calm zone where precipitation and winds cease? A) Typhoon B) Eye wall C) Pressure gradient D) Eye

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.5—Hurricanes: The Ultimate Coastal Hazard Focus/Concepts: 20.5 ESLI LO: 8.1—Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes. 38) The erosional retreat of a coastal cliff will lead to the enlargement of a ________. A) wave-cut arch B) wave-cut beach C) wave-cut stack D) wave-cut platform

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.6—Stabilizing the Shore Focus/Concepts: 20.6 ESLI LO: 9.1—Human activities significantly change the rates of many of Earth's surface processes. 9 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 25) Which of the following deposition/erosion scenarios will develop when a groin is constructed on the beach? A) Erosion on upcurrent and downcurrent sides B) Erosion on upcurrent side and deposition on downcurrent side C) Deposition on upcurrent and downcurrent sides D) Deposition on upcurrent side and erosion on downcurrent side

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.1—Climate and Geology Focus/Concepts: 21.1 ESLI LO: 3.1—The four major systems of Earth are the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. 4) It is an exceptionally cold winter's day and one of your classmates makes a comment writingoff the idea of global warming. What is the scientifically correct analysis of that? A) Your classmate is correct. The presence of 1 day of cold weather means that there is no global warming. B) Your classmate is correct: While cold weather can still exist with global warming, the fact that today is colder than usual refutes global warming. C) Your classmate is incorrect. One day of exceptional cold shows that the jet stream has been stabilized due to global warming. D) Your classmate is incorrect. Weather is a short-term phenomenon and we cannot make conclusions about the climate based on single-day temperature readings.

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.2—Detecting Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.2 ESLI LO: 9.2—Earth scientists use the geologic record to distinguish between natural and human influences on Earth's systems. 14) ________ are often the best-preserved, most easily identifiable plant remains in sediments and can be used to interpret the paleoclimate. A) Corals B) Trees C) Seeds D) Pollen

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.2—Detecting Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.2 ESLI LO: 9.2—Earth scientists use the geologic record to distinguish between natural and human influences on Earth's systems. 16) Which two gases make up the majority of the atmosphere? A) Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide B) Neon and Methane C) Hydrogen and Helium D) Nitrogen and Oxygen

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.3—Some Atmospheric Basics Focus/Concepts: 21.3 ESLI LO: 2.3—Earth formed from the accumulation of dust and gas, and multiple collisions of smaller planetary bodies. 7 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 18) ________ are small solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere. A) Sunspots B) Radiosondes C) CFCs D) Aerosols

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.4—Heating the Atmosphere Focus/Concepts: 21.4 ESLI LO: 2.3—Earth formed from the accumulation of dust and gas, and multiple collisions of smaller planetary bodies. 25) Which of these has the shortest wavelength? A) Infrared B) Microwave C) Ultraviolet D) X-rays

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.4—Heating the Atmosphere Focus/Concepts: 21.4 ESLI LO: 3.3—Earth exchanges mass and energy with the rest of the Solar System. 9 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 24) If the Earth had no atmosphere, what would the average temperature of the planet be? A) Above the boiling point of water B) 25°C C) 10°C D) Below the freezing point of water

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.5—Natural Causes of Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.5 ESLI LO: 8.5—Natural hazards can be local or global in origin. 28) The Maunder Minimum occurred at the same time as the ________ and has been used by some to explain the cooling temperatures during that period. A) Industrial Revolution B) Cretaceous Period C) Medieval Warm Period D) Little Ice Age

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.6—Human Impact on Global Climate Focus/Concepts: 21.6 ESLI LO: 9.3—Humans cause global climate change through fossil fuel combustion, land-use changes, agricultural practices, and industrial processes. 35) If CFCs have not been widely used since the late twentieth century, why are they considered a major greenhouse gas in the twenty-first century? A) Although they have been banned, they are being use illegally B) CFCs are released by a number of natural processes, such as volcanoes C) Greenhouse gases such as methane will break down into CFCs D) CFCs can stay in the atmosphere for decades

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.7—Predicting Future Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.7 ESLI LO: 3.7—Changes in part of one system can cause new changes to that system or to other systems, often in surprising and complex ways. 40) Which process has been largely responsible for increasing the amount of CO2 in the last 200 years? A) Increasing cattle ranching worldwide B) Disintegration of petroleum-based plastics C) Use of industrial fertilizers D) Burning of fossil fuels

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.1—What Makes Earth Habitable? Focus/Concepts: 22.1 ESLI LO: 2.1—Earth's rocks and other materials provide a record of its history. 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 4) When did the Big Bang occur? A) 3.8 billion years ago B) 4.6 billion years ago C) 7.8 billion years ago D) 13.7 billion years ago

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.2—Birth of a Planet Focus/Concepts: 22.2 ESLI LO: 2.2—Our Solar System formed from a vast cloud of gas and dust 4.6 billion years ago. 9) Which of the following gases was not present in Earth's early atmosphere? A) Water vapor B) Carbon dioxide C) Hydrogen D) Oxygen E) All of these gases

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.4—Precambrian History: The Formation of Earth's Continents Focus/Concepts: 22.4 ESLI LO: 2.7—Over Earth's vast history, both gradual and catastrophic processes have produced enormous changes. 21) What affect would the formation of a supercontinent have on the climate of this landmass? A) The climate would have become colder. B) The climate would have become more humid. C) The climate would have remained the same. D) The climate would have become drier.

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.5—Geologic History of the Phanerozoic: The Formation of Earth's Modern Continents Focus/Concepts: 22.5 ESLI LO: 2.1—Earth's rocks and other materials provide a record of its history; 4.5—Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries. 10 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 28) What era, period, and epoch do we currently exist in? A) Precambrian, Jurassic, Eocene B) Mesozoic, Permian, Pleistocene C) Paleozoic, Paleogene, Paleocene D) Cenozoic, Quaternary, Holocene

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.5—Geologic History of the Phanerozoic: The Formation of Earth's Modern Continents Focus/Concepts: 22.5 ESLI LO: 2.7—Over Earth's vast history, both gradual and catastrophic processes have produced enormous changes. 26) The Navajo Sandstone, such as that exposed at Zion National Park in Utah, is evidence of a ________ environment during the Jurassic Period in the western United States. A) beach B) continental shelf C) lacustrine D) desert

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.6—Earth's First Life Focus/Concepts: 22.6 ESLI LO: 6.5—Microorganisms dominated Earth's early biosphere and continue today to be the most widespread, abundant, and diverse group of organisms on the planet. 33) How old are the oldest fossils of more advanced organisms, the eukaryotes? A) 3.8 billion years B) 3.5 billion years C) 2.8 billion years D) 2.1 billion years

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.7—Paleozoic Era: Life Explodes Focus/Concepts: 22.7 ESLI LO: 2.1—Earth's rocks and other materials provide a record of its history. 39) Why did invertebrates, particularly arthropods, get so large in the Late Paleozoic? A) There was more moisture in the atmosphere. B) Ozone in the atmosphere shielded them from ultraviolet radiation. C) There was more vegetation for them to feed on. D) There was more oxygen in the atmosphere.

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.7—Paleozoic Era: Life Explodes Focus/Concepts: 22.7 ESLI LO: 6.4—More complex life forms and ecosystems have arisen over the course of Earth's history. 14 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 40) The dominant plant group during the Mesozoic Era was ________. A) exosperms B) methanogens C) angiosperms D) gymnosperms

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.9—Cenozoic Era: Mammals Diversify Focus/Concepts: 22.9 ESLI LO: 6.4—More complex life forms and ecosystems have arisen over the course of Earth's history. 48) Which organism, developing approximately 4.2 million years ago, represents the link between humans and apes? A) Homo habilis B) Homo erectus C) Homo sapiens D) Australopithecus

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.1—Renewable and Nonrenewable Resources Focus/Concepts: 23.1 ESLI LO: 7.3—Natural resources are limited. 3) In their lifetimes, an American will use approximately ________ pounds of phosphate rock. A) 10 B) 400 C) 800 D) 20,000

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.3—Natural resources are limited. 9) Approximately 91% of the coal use in the United States today is used for ________. A) home heating B) transportation C) construction D) electricity

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.4—Resources are distributed unevenly around the planet. 14) In what environment will the plant and animal remains necessary to generate oil accumulate? A) Desert B) Swamp C) Stream D) Ocean

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.4—Resources are distributed unevenly around the planet.; 7.8—Oil and natural gas are unique resources that are central to modern life in many different ways. 5 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 13) The Canadian province of Alberta has the world's largest commercially developed deposit of which fossil fuel? A) Anthracite coal B) Natural gas C) Petroleum D) Tar sands

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 9.3—Humans cause global climate change through fossil fuel combustion, land-use changes, agricultural practices, and industrial processes. 8) Together, ________, ________, and ________ provide more than 81% of the energy consumed in the United States. A) uranium; hydroelectricity; coal B) coal; nuclear power; wind energy C) natural gas; wind power; biofuel D) oil; coal; natural gas

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.3—Nuclear Energy Focus/Concepts: 23.3 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 9 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 25) Where is the world's largest tidal electricity power plant? A) The California coast north of San Francisco B) Annapolis River estuary, Maryland C) Murmansk, Russia D) The mouth of the Rance River in Brittany, France

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.4—Renewable Energy Focus/Concepts: 23.4 ESLI LO: 7.10—Earth scientists help society move toward greater sustainability. 26) Which form of renewable energy is produced by power plants in Iceland, accounting for 66% of Iceland's primary energy use? A) Hydroelectric power B) Solar power C) Tidal energy D) Geothermal power

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.6—Igneous and Metamorphic Processes Focus/Concepts: 23.6 ESLI LO: 4.6—Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere. 14 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 40) Regional metamorphism can produce deposits of mineable nonmetallic minerals like ________. A) bismuth B) coal C) feldspar D) talc

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.7—Mineral Resources Related to Surface Processes Focus/Concepts: 23.7 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 44) Aluminum laterite is also known as the mineral ________. A) calcite B) olivine C) hematite D) bauxite

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.8—Nonmetallic Mineral Resources Focus/Concepts: 23.8 ESLI LO: 7.6—Soil, rocks, and minerals provide essential metals and other materials for agriculture, manufacturing, and building. 47) What is the main mineral source of phosphorous in phosphate fertilizers? A) Topaz B) Calcite C) Kaolinite D) Apatite

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.2—Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Focus/Concepts: 24.2 ESLI LO: 2.3—Earth formed from the accumulation of dust and gas, and multiple collisions of smaller planetary bodies. 6 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 16) Today, erosion on the moon is dominated by ________, which helps to smooth the landscape. A) water B) wind C) ice D) micrometeorites

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.2—Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Focus/Concepts: 24.2 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 18) The lunar maria basalts are thought to have originated at depths of ________ km down. A) 25 to 50 B) 50 to 100 C) 100 to 200 D) 200 to 400 E) 400 to 800

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.3—Terrestrial Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.3 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 23) Compared to Earth's atmosphere, the Martian atmosphere has surface pressures that are ________. A) 50 times those on Earth B) 32.1 times those on Earth C) 1.5 times those on Earth D) 0.1 times those on Earth

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.3—Terrestrial Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.3 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 27) Which of the following physical features are found on both Mars and Earth? A) Active volcanoes B) Heavily cratered landscape preserved from early planetary histories C) Oceans with liquid water D) Erosional features related to flowing water

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.3—Terrestrial Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.3 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 30) Which planet has the most moons in orbit around it? A) Neptune B) Saturn C) Uranus D) Jupiter

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.4—Jovian Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.4 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 12 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 34) Outside of Earth, which body in the Solar System is likely to have liquid water beneath its icy surface? A) Mars B) Neptune C) Rhea D) Europa

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.4—Jovian Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.4 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 38) What is the definition of cryovolcanism? A) Pyroclastic volcanism that ignites methane-rich atmospheres B) Cessation of volcanism because of increasing atmospheric pressures C) Increase in rate of tectonic motion due to lubrication of ice D) Eruption of magmas derived from partial melting of ice

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.4—Jovian Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.4 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 39) Earth's axial tilt is currently 23.5° from vertical. Uranus's axis of rotation is completely horizontal. How did this occur? A) It formed that way originally. B) Extreme volcanism realigned the planet. C) Plate tectonics shook the planet's alignment. D) Extraterrestrial bombardment knocked the planet over.

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.5—Small Solar System Bodies Focus/Concepts: 24.5 ESLI LO: 3.1—The four major systems of Earth are the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. 42) Most comets originate in the ________. A) Kuiper Belt B) Saturn's Rings C) Oort Cloud D) Kuiper Belt and Oort Cloud

D

1) A glacier is a ________ that forms over hundreds or thousands of years. A) iceberg B) ice floe C) snow field D) thick ice mass

D

1) ________ is the study of the formation and evolution of the bodies in our Solar System. A) Astrology B) Astronomy C) Cosmology D) Planetary Geology

D

18) Which of the following particle sizes is most likely to make up a stream's suspended load? A) Gravel B) Clay C) Sand D) Silt

D

2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Global Sci Out: 4 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 9) As the quantity of energy transferred to the wave increases, what will happen to the height and the steepness of the wave? A) Wave height increases and steepness decreases. B) Wave height decreases and steepness increases. C) Both the wave height and steepness decrease. D) Both the wave height and steepness increase.

D

2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.5—Mineral Resources Focus/Concepts: 23.5 ESLI LO: 7.4—Resources are distributed unevenly around the planet. 36) Which of the following minerals does not form as a result of magmatic segregation? A) Beryl B) Quartz C) Feldspar D) Calcite

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 17.5—Springs, Hot Springs, and Geysers Focus/Concepts: 17.5 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 32) Which countries/regions outside the United States are famous for their geothermal activity? A) Brazil, South Africa, and Ukraine B) Cuba, Italy, and the Philippines C) Japan, China, and North Korea D) Iceland, New Zealand, Japan, and Siberia

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.3—Glacial Erosion Focus/Concepts: 18.3 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 7 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 19) Long narrow grooves gouged into the rock by glacial erosion are called ________. A) ablations B) streaks C) pater nosters D) striations

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.4—Glacial Deposits Focus/Concepts: 18.4 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 11 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 31) Why would construction businesses find eskers to be economically important? A) They provide flat areas for transportation routes. B) They provide nutrient-rich farmland. C) They provide easy access to water sources. D) They provide easily accessible sand and gravel deposits.

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.4—Glacial Deposits Focus/Concepts: 18.4 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 33) As glacial ice flows around sharp curves, its great erosional force removes the ________ of land that extend into the valley. A) eskers B) kames C) moraines D) spurs

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.1—Earth as a System: The Hydrologic Cycle Focus/Concepts: 16.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 5) What is the geologic definition of a stream? A) A river of water that carries large volumes of water and has many tributaries B) A stagnant body of water with little current and low oxygen content C) A large lake system D) A channelized body of water flowing down gradient

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.2—River Systems Focus/Concepts: 16.2 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 12) What is the wetted perimeter of a stream? A) That part of a streambed that contains the strongest current B) Where the stream is incising on the outside of a meander loop C) Where deposition occurs in an abandoned stream channel D) The amount of flow in contact with the banks and bed of the channel

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.3—Streamflow Characteristics Focus/Concepts: 16.3 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 17) Which of the following beds would be easiest for a stream to erode? A) Lined with gravel and cobbles B) Bedrock C) Lined with sand and gravel D) Lined with silt

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.5—Stream Channels Focus/Concepts: 16.5 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 10 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 28) Which of the following locations is a likely place to find a braided stream? A) Flowing across a stream delta B) Flowing across a desert C) Flowing through a karst region D) Flowing from the terminus of a glacier

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.5—Stream Channels Focus/Concepts: 16.5 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 26) Which of the following is not one of the three basic stream channel morphologies? A) Straight channel B) Meandering stream C) Braided stream D) Bedrock channel

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.5—Stream Channels Focus/Concepts: 16.5 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 29) When a meandering stream erodes through the narrow neck of a meander loop, it often leaves behind a quiet backwater called a(n) ________. A) alluvial deposit B) entrenched meander C) natural levee D) oxbow lake

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.8—Floods and Flood Control Focus/Concepts: 16.8 ESLI LO: 8.1—Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes. 35) A(n) ________ flood will occur when an engineered structure fails and releases large quantities of stored water. A) ice-jam B) regional C) flash flood D) dam-failure

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.1—The Importance of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.1 ESLI LO: 5.1—Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle. 6) Which of the following materials is most readily dissolved by water? A) Clay minerals B) Silica C) Feldspars D) Calcite

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.1—The Importance of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.1 ESLI LO: 5.3—Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all Earth's systems. 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 7) Which of the following characteristics is not true of groundwater? A) Has a constant temperature year round B) Rarely contains suspended sediment C) Short droughts do not affect the supply D) Only occurs underground as large lakes

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.1—The Importance of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.1 ESLI LO: 5.8—Freshwater is less than 3% of the water at the Earth's surface. 2 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 4) Which household function has the highest daily water consumption? A) Dishwashers B) Showers and baths C) Clothes washers D) Toilets

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.1—The Importance of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.1 ESLI LO: 9.4—Humans affect the quality, availability, and distribution of Earth's water through the modification of streams, lakes, and groundwater. 5) In what spaces or voids does most groundwater reside? A) Caves B) Pore spaces C) Fractures D) Pore space and fractures

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.3—Storage and Movement of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.3 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 21) Which nineteenth-century scientist developed the following equation that determines the discharge of an aquifer? Q = A) Charles Lyell B) Alfred Wegener C) Louis Agassiz D) Henri Darcy

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.4—Wells and Artesian Systems Focus/Concepts: 17.4 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 30) What groundwater feature forms where the water table intersects with the Earth's surface, creating a natural outflow of groundwater? A) Fumarole B) Sinkhole C) Lake D) Spring

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.5—Springs, Hot Springs, and Geysers Focus/Concepts: 17.5 ESLI LO: 5.1—Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle. 33) What geologic process is responsible for warming the water at nonvolcanic locations such as Hot Springs National Park, Arkansas, and Warm Springs, Georgia? A) Radioactive minerals near the surface B) Friction from moving rocks C) Abnormal volumes of rain D) Normal geothermal gradient as groundwater circulates at depth

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.5—Springs, Hot Springs, and Geysers Focus/Concepts: 17.5 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 13 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 37) Which environmental issue most commonly affects groundwater aquifers in coastal or island areas? A) Subsidence B) Dissolution C) Chemical contamination D) Saltwater contamination

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.6—Environmental Problems Focus/Concepts: 17.6 ESLI LO: 5.3—Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all Earth's systems. 41) Which acid, found in most groundwater, is responsible for most karst topography worldwide? A) Hydrochloric B) Nitric C) Sulfuric D) Carbonic

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.3—Glacial Erosion Focus/Concepts: 18.3 ESLI LO: 4.7—Landscapes result from the dynamic interplay between processes that form and uplift new crust and processes that destroy and depress the crust. 15 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 43) Which of the following is not part of the Milankovitch Cycle? A) Precession B) Obliquity C) Eccentricity D) Isostacy

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.3—Glacial Erosion Focus/Concepts: 18.3 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 14) What shape do glacial troughs generally display? A) V B) W C) Y D) U

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.4—Glacial Deposits Focus/Concepts: 18.4 ESLI LO: 4.6—Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere. 23) Which moraine marks the furthest extent of glacial ice? A) Lateral moraine B) Medial moraine C) Recessional moraine D) Terminal moraine

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.4—Glacial Deposits Focus/Concepts: 18.4 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 10 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 28) What bodies of water are formed when a stagnant block of glacial ice near the terminus becomes partly or completely buried in glacial sediments, eventually melting to create a lake? A) Tarns B) Paternosters C) Braided streams D) Kettle lakes

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.4—Glacial Deposits Focus/Concepts: 18.4 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 24) Read the following excerpt from The Works of John Playfair (1822). What glacial landform is being described? "...For the moving of large masses of rock, the most powerful engines without doubt that nature employs are the glaciers....[Rock] fragments they gradually transport to their utmost boundaries, where a formidable wall ascertains the magnitude, and attests the force, of the great engine by which it was erected." A) Arête B) Drumlin C) Horn D) Moraine

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.4—Glacial Deposits Focus/Concepts: 18.4 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 39) What was the most recent episode of glaciation in North America? A) Nebraskan Episode B) Kansan Episode C) Illinois Episode Glaciation D) Wisconsin Episode Glaciation

D

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.6—The Ice Age Focus/Concepts: 18.6 ESLI LO: 5.1—Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle. 41) The tilt of Earth's rotational axis is ________. A) always fixed at 22.75 degrees from the vertical B) always pointing toward Vega C) unpredictable D) varying between 22 and 24.5 degrees from the vertical over the course of 41,000 years

D

:3) About what percentage of Earth's water is in the form of seawater? A) 2% B) 6297% C) 71% D) 97%

D

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 22.1—What Makes Earth Habitable? Focus/Concepts: 22.1 ESLI LO: 4.3—Earth's interior is in constant motion through the process of convection, with important consequences for the surface. 3) Explain how interstellar debris will eventually form a planetesimal.

Debris will impact and accrete, forming larger and larger bodies.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 3 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 7) How does the burning of fossil fuels affect the environment? A) Greenhouse gases are released that raise global temperatures. B) Sulfur dioxide is produced, which contributes to acid rain. C) Particulates are released into the atmosphere, which collect on ice caps and glaciers to absorb more heat. D) Increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere leads to ocean acidification. E) All of the above.

E

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.8—Some Consequences of Global Warming Focus/Concepts: 21.8 ESLI LO: 9.1—Human activities significantly change the rates of many of Earth's surface processes. 21 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 21.3 Short Answer Questions 1) How do tree rings tell us about past climates?

Each tree ring represents an annual weather cycle. Each particular year's weather conditions can be reconstructed by those records. In general, favorable growth conditions produce a wide ring; unfavorable ones produce a narrow ring, especially as related to temperature and precipitation.

7) What are the components of the work of running water?

Erosion, transportation, and deposition

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 19.2—Geologic Processes in Arid Climates Focus/Concepts: 19.2 ESLI LO: 4.7—Landscapes result from the dynamic interplay between processes that form and uplift new crust and processes that destroy and depress the crust. 7) High-pressure belts cause low-latitude deserts in the latitudes between 50 and 60 degrees.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 19.5—Wind Deposits Focus/Concepts: 19.5 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 14 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 19.2 True/False Questions 1) A true desert is defined by how hot it is.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 22.3—Origin and Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans Focus/Concepts: 22.3 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 6) Most Precambrian rocks lack fossils of complex organisms, which is why it is too difficult to distinguish them into many subdivisions on the geologic time scale.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.1—Distribution and Causes of Dry Lands Focus/Concepts: 19.1 ESLI LO: 3.8—Earth's climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. 6) Salt wedging is a weathering process that is more common in humid areas than arid.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.1—Distribution and Causes of Dry Lands Focus/Concepts: 19.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 4) The world's driest desert is the Great Basin Desert in Nevada.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.2—Geologic Processes in Arid Climates Focus/Concepts: 19.2 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 16 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 9) Wind is the most powerful agent of erosion in a desert.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.4—Wind Erosion Focus/Concepts: 19.4 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 17 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 13) Due to the lack of chemical weathering, there is a great deal of clay-sized sediment in desert areas.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.5—Wind Deposits Focus/Concepts: 19.5 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 15) Moving wind that is free of sediment is enough to create a ventifact.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 16 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 5) Black sand beaches in Hawaii were created by the erosion and deposition of coral.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 6) A large wave generated by an earthquake off the coast of Chile could normally travel a distance of 500 miles at the most.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 8.1—Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes. 7) Rip currents are the result of longshore current.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.5—Hurricanes: The Ultimate Coastal Hazard Focus/Concepts: 20.5 ESLI LO: 8.1—Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes. 12) Hurricanes form because of high pressure cells that even out the pressure gradient.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.5—Hurricanes: The Ultimate Coastal Hazard Focus/Concepts: 20.5 ESLI LO: 8.1—Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes. 18 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 14) The coastal location with the highest differential in high and low tides is the Hudson Bay.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.6—Stabilizing the Shore Focus/Concepts: 20.6 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 11) Most hurricanes form poleward of 20° latitude.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.1—Climate and Geology Focus/Concepts: 21.1 ESLI LO: 3.1—The four major systems of Earth are the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. 3) Changes that occur in one part of the climate system are isolated and will have no part on the remainder of the system.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.1—Climate and Geology Focus/Concepts: 21.1 ESLI LO: 3.7—Changes in part of one system can cause new changes to that system or to other systems, often in surprising and complex ways. 4) Ice cores taken from glaciers show higher concentrations of 18O in the ice deposited during colder climates.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.2—Detecting Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.2 ESLI LO: 9.2—Earth scientists use the geologic record to distinguish between natural and human influences on Earth's systems. 18 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 5) Trapped air in glaciers records the atmospheric temperature from the moment when the air was trapped.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.3—Some Atmospheric Basics Focus/Concepts: 21.3 ESLI LO: 2.3—Earth formed from the accumulation of dust and gas, and multiple collisions of smaller planetary bodies. 7) Methane is not a greenhouse gas.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.6—Human Impact on Global Climate Focus/Concepts: 21.6 ESLI LO: 9.2—Earth scientists use the geologic record to distinguish between natural and human influences on Earth's systems. 11) The concentration of methane in the atmosphere has been shown to be increasing for the last 1,000 years, indicating that humans are not responsible for its generation.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.8—Some Consequences of Global Warming Focus/Concepts: 21.8 ESLI LO: 4.9—Shorelines move back and forth across continents, depositing sediments that become the surface rocks of the land. 15) The scale of warming on our planet is in keeping with natural cycles, so if we continue to burn fossil fuels at the same rate there will be no consequences for our future.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.1—What Makes Earth Habitable? Focus/Concepts: 22.1 ESLI LO: 2.1—Earth's rocks and other materials provide a record of its history. 3) Pluto has been reclassified to the status of a protoplanet.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.2—Birth of a Planet Focus/Concepts: 22.2 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 18 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 4) Oxygen was one of the main gases in the early atmosphere.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.3—Origin and Evolution of the Atmosphere and Oceans Focus/Concepts: 22.3 ESLI LO: 2.3—Earth formed from the accumulation of dust and gas, and multiple collisions of smaller planetary bodies. 5) The acidity levels of the early oceans were much lower than today, so it took 4 billion years of weathering in order to reach the level of salinity present in the oceans today.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.4—Precambrian History: The Formation of Earth's Continents Focus/Concepts: 22.4 ESLI LO: 2.1—Earth's rocks and other materials provide a record of its history. 7) Flying reptiles are a form of dinosaur.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.8—Mesozoic Era: Dinosaurs Dominate the Land Focus/Concepts: 22.8 ESLI LO: 6.4—More complex life forms and ecosystems have arisen over the course of Earth's history. 19 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 8) Dinosaurs and large mammals coexisted during the Mesozoic era.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.9—Cenozoic Era: Mammals Diversify Focus/Concepts: 22.9 ESLI LO: 6.4—More complex life forms and ecosystems have arisen over the course of Earth's history. 10) The flowering plants that developed during the Cenozoic were gymnosperms.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.9—Cenozoic Era: Mammals Diversify Focus/Concepts: 22.9 ESLI LO: 6.4—More complex life forms and ecosystems have arisen over the course of Earth's history. 11) Mammals did not evolve until the beginning of the Cenozoic and then did so to fill an evolutionary niche left behind by the dinosaurs.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 2) Phosphorus is the primary fuel used in nuclear power plants.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 6) The process of refining oil shales will produce higher yields of gasoline and heating oils, whereas the refining of light, sweet crude oil from the North Sea produces lower yields that are of lower quality.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.5—Mineral Resources Focus/Concepts: 23.5 ESLI LO: 7.2—Geology affects the distribution and development of human populations. 11) Black smokers are results of convergent plate boundaries.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.7—Mineral Resources Related to Surface Processes Focus/Concepts: 23.7 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 14) Shale is the most versatile and widely used nonmetallic mineral resource because it can be used for both building and industrial purposes.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.1—Our Solar System: An Overview Focus/Concepts: 24.1 ESLI LO: 1.3—Earth science investigations take many different forms. 2) Meteorite bombardment of the rocky planets occurred before their formation as protoplanets.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.3—Terrestrial Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.3 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 12) Saturn is the only planet in the Solar System with rings composed of particles of water ice and rocky debris.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.3—Terrestrial Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.3 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 8) The atmospheric pressures on Venus are similar to that of Earth.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.4—Jovian Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.4 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 13) Neptune is famous for its storm called the Great Dark Spot.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.4—Jovian Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.4 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 18 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 11) Because of its immense gravity, the diameter of the planet Mars shrinks by a few centimeters each year.

FALSE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.5—Small Solar System Bodies Focus/Concepts: 24.5 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 16 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 24.2 True/False Questions 1) Planetary geology focuses only on those planets with a rocky surface such as Venus and Mars.

FALSE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.1—Earth as a System: The Hydrologic Cycle Focus/Concepts: 16.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 3) Running water is the second most important erosional agent sculpting Earth's land surface.

FALSE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.2—River Systems Focus/Concepts: 16.2 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 5) Minimum velocity occurs when the stream is at the bankful stage.

FALSE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.6—Shaping Stream Valleys Focus/Concepts: 16.6 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 11) Levees are always artificial, not natural formations.

FALSE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.1—The Importance of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.1 ESLI LO: 5.8—Freshwater is less than 3% of the water at the Earth's surface. 2) Unlike rivers and streams, groundwater does not act as an erosional agent.

FALSE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.2—Groundwater and the Water Table Focus/Concepts: 17.2 ESLI LO: 5.1—Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle. 17 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 7) Clay's porosity is low, but its permeability is high, which means that it has a high specific yield.

FALSE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.3—Storage and Movement of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.3 ESLI LO: 4.6—Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere. 10) Wells are drilled into the subsurface to remove water from the unsaturated zone.

FALSE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.3—Storage and Movement of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.3 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 9) Aquitards are made of high-conductivity materials such as clay.

FALSE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.4—Wells and Artesian Systems Focus/Concepts: 17.4 ESLI LO: 9.4—Humans affect the quality, availability, and distribution of Earth's water through the modification of streams, lakes, and groundwater. 18 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 11) Geysers are mostly found in coastal locations far from plate tectonic boundaries.

FALSE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.6—Environmental Problems Focus/Concepts: 17.6 ESLI LO: 9.4—Humans affect the quality, availability, and distribution of Earth's water through the modification of streams, lakes, and groundwater. 19 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 15) Stalactites grip tightly to the floor of a cave whereas stalagmites hang from the ceiling.

FALSE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.1—Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles Focus/Concepts: 18.1 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 3) A glacier takes millions of years to form, but only a few days to disappear.

FALSE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.2—Formation and Movement of Glacial Ice Focus/Concepts: 18.2 ESLI LO: 3.8—Earth's climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. 7) Just like with surface water erosion, sea level serves as the ultimate base level below which glaciers cannot erode.

FALSE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.4—Glacial Deposits Focus/Concepts: 18.4 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 11) Sea level rises during a glaciation because glaciers are pushing down on the crust, which deforms the ocean basins.

FALSE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.5—Other Effects of Ice-Age Glaciers Focus/Concepts: 18.5 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 17 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 18.2 True/False Questions 1) Glaciers are a single, solid piece of ice that flows from the Zone of Accumulation to the Zone of Saturation.

FALSE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.6—The Ice Age Focus/Concepts: 18.6 ESLI LO: 3.8—Earth's climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. 20 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 14) When the three parts of the Milankovitch Cycle align, there will be harsher winters in the middle to high latitudes with less snowfall and warmer summers bringing an increase in snowmelt.

FALSE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.6—The Ice Age Focus/Concepts: 18.6 ESLI LO: 5.8—Freshwater is less than 3% of the water at the Earth's surface. 13) The Earth is still in an Ice Age today because there are still glaciers on the planet.

FALSE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 17.3—Storage and Movement of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.3 ESLI LO: 1.3—Earth science investigations take many different forms. 4) Igneous and metamorphic rocks do not form with voids or pore spaces where groundwater can reside. However, these rocks can often both store and transport groundwater. What voids would make up the secondary porosity of igneous and metamorphic rocks?

Fractures and faults

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 17.3—Storage and Movement of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.3 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 21 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 5) Why do you think Rotten Egg Spring got its name?

Geothermal features are often associated with sulfur deposits, which can often have an acrid smell resembling rotten eggs.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.4—Wind Erosion Focus/Concepts: 19.4 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 18 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 19.3 Short Answer Questions 1) Streams in arid regions are generally small and die out before reaching the sea. Explain two ways that streams lose water in this environment and why this loss occurs.

Higher temperatures result in high evaporation rates. Also, the water table is lower in a desert, so there are significant losses to the water table.

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.6—The Ice Age Focus/Concepts: 18.6 ESLI LO: 3.8—Earth's climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. 18.3 Short Answer Questions 1) How does an ice cap compare to an ice sheet?

Ice caps are smaller and cover upland areas and plateaus. Ice sheets are more massive and can cover entire continents.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 19.2—Geologic Processes in Arid Climates Focus/Concepts: 19.2 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 2) Why is erosion by wind more effective in an arid region than in a humid region?

In humid areas, moisture binds sediment particles together and vegetation anchors the soil.

: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 18.1—Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles Focus/Concepts: 18.1 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 2) What factor(s) might lead glaciers to basal slip?

Increased meltwater at the base, which lubricates the bed.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 19.4—Wind Erosion Focus/Concepts: 19.4 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 3) Why do you think that the misconception "deserts are hot" so common? Why is it a misconception?

It is based in some truth. There are more deserts in hot locations than cooler locations so it seems that way. It is a misconception because temperature is not how deserts are defined.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 24.4—Jovian Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.4 ESLI LO: 1.2—Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geological evidence. 20 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 5) Which Solar System body other than Earth may hold the potential for life, and why?

Jupiter's moon Io, because of the existence of water below the icy surface.

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.7—The Geologic Work of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.7 ESLI LO: 5.3—Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all Earth's systems. 20 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 17.3 Short Answer Questions 1) Why would a well-monitoring device have a photovoltaic cell attached to it?

Many locations where water is to be monitored are far removed from the electric grid, so wiring electronics from elsewhere would be expensive. Also, solar energy is renewable.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 22.2—Birth of a Planet Focus/Concepts: 22.2 ESLI LO: 2.3—Earth formed from the accumulation of dust and gas, and multiple collisions of smaller planetary bodies. 21 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 4) What geologic process triggered the Permian Extinction? Where did the trigger occur?

Massive volcanic activity from the Siberian Traps, Russia

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.1—What Makes Earth Habitable? Focus/Concepts: 22.1 ESLI LO: 2.1—Earth's rocks and other materials provide a record of its history. 2) Why is the molten metallic core of Earth necessary for life to exist?

Molten iron convects in the core, which generates the magnetic field of the planet. The magnetic field protects Earth from lethal cosmic rays.

2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 23.5—Mineral Resources Focus/Concepts: 23.5 ESLI LO: 7.6—Soil, rocks, and minerals provide essential metals and other materials for agriculture, manufacturing, and building. 3) How does a reserve differ from an ore?

Ores are generally metallic materials that can be mined for a profit. Reserves are generally any mineral material that can be extracted for a profit.

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 16.4—The Work of Running Water Focus/Concepts: 16.4 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 17 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 5) What are three methods a stream can use to erode bedrock?

Quarrying, Abrasion, and Corrosion

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 16.1—Earth as a System: The Hydrologic Cycle Focus/Concepts: 16.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 4) What is saltation and why would a particle saltate?

Saltation is when sediment bounces or skips along the streambed. This occurs when the sediment is too small to remain on the bed, but too large to remain suspended at this velocity.

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.2—Groundwater and the Water Table Focus/Concepts: 17.2 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 3) Which has a higher porosity: sand or sandstone? Why?

Sand, because sandstone has been compacted and has cement lining part (or all) of the pore spaces.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.2—Beaches and Shoreline Processes Focus/Concepts: 20.2 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 8) If a shoreline remains stable over time, an irregular coast will be transformed into a smoother, straighter coast.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.3—Shoreline Features Focus/Concepts: 20.3 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 17 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 9) Hard stabilization methods of protecting beaches from erosion are ultimately only a form of temporary protection.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.5—Hurricanes: The Ultimate Coastal Hazard Focus/Concepts: 20.5 ESLI LO: 8.1—Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes. 13) On the Saffir-Simpson scale, a Category 4 storm is 210-250 km/hour.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 19.1—Distribution and Causes of Dry Lands Focus/Concepts: 19.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 2) The process of expanding deserts is known as desertification.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 19.1—Distribution and Causes of Dry Lands Focus/Concepts: 19.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 8) Streams in arid areas generally lack an extensive network of tributaries because they tend to be ephemeral.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 19.1—Distribution and Causes of Dry Lands Focus/Concepts: 19.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet.; 9.3—Humans cause global climate change through fossil fuel combustion, land-use changes, agricultural practices, and industrial processes. 3) The world's largest arid desert is the Sahara.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 19.2—Geologic Processes in Arid Climates Focus/Concepts: 19.2 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 10) Rates of physical weathering in deserts are high, even though there isn't a great deal of precipitation, because it is usually heavy when rain does fall.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 19.3—Arid Landscapes of the American West Focus/Concepts: 19.3 ESLI LO: 4.7—Landscapes result from the dynamic interplay between processes that form and uplift new crust and processes that destroy and depress the crust. 12) Sandstorms should be more accurately referred to as siltstorms because most sediment carried by wind for long distances is actually silt-sized.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 20.7—Tides Focus/Concepts: 20.7 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 15 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 20.2 True/False Questions 1) The shoreline represents an interface between the land, sea, and air.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.1—Distribution and Causes of Dry Lands Focus/Concepts: 19.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 15 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 5) Middle-latitude deserts and steppes are more numerous and extensive in the Northern Hemisphere than in the Southern Hemisphere.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.2—Geologic Processes in Arid Climates Focus/Concepts: 19.2 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 11) The Basin and Range Province of the American southwest is known for containing regions that display each stand of landscape evolution in an arid climate.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 19.4—Wind Erosion Focus/Concepts: 19.4 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 14) Wind in arid regions produces more depositional landforms than erosional landforms.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 4) Due to the crashing of waves and the backwash of water from shore, beaches can be thought of as areas where material is in transit.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 4.9—Shorelines move back and forth across continents, depositing sediments that become the surface rocks of the land. 2) Coastal areas undergo some of the most rapid and dynamic change due to their constant contact with the water.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.1—The Shoreline and Ocean Waves Focus/Concepts: 20.1 ESLI LO: 4.9—Shorelines move back and forth across continents, depositing sediments that become the surface rocks of the land.; 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 3) Beaches are locations along the shoreline where excess sediment has accumulated on shore.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 20.6—Stabilizing the Shore Focus/Concepts: 20.6 ESLI LO: 9.1—Human activities significantly change the rates of many of Earth's surface processes. 10) Barrier islands are more common along the Atlantic Coast than the Pacific Coast.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.1—Climate and Geology Focus/Concepts: 21.1 ESLI LO: 3.1—The four major systems of Earth are the geosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and biosphere. 2) The climate system involves energy and moisture exchanges between five Earth spheres: biosphere, cryosphere, hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.2—Detecting Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.2 ESLI LO: 9.2—Earth scientists use the geologic record to distinguish between natural and human influences on Earth's systems. 6) Nitrogen makes up the largest percentage of the atmosphere.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.3—Some Atmospheric Basics Focus/Concepts: 21.3 ESLI LO: 3.7—Changes in part of one system can cause new changes to that system or to other systems, often in surprising and complex ways. 8) Nearly all the energy that drives the Earth's climate comes from the sun.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.4—Heating the Atmosphere Focus/Concepts: 21.4 ESLI LO: 3.2—All Earth processes are the result of energy flowing and mass cycling within and between Earth's systems. 19 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 9) The sun emits slightly more solar radiation during a period of high sunspot activity.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.5—Natural Causes of Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.5 ESLI LO: 3.3—Earth exchanges mass and energy with the rest of the Solar System. 10) According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), there is a 90-99% probability that increases in global temperatures are due to the increase in human-generated greenhouse gases.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.5—Natural Causes of Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.5 ESLI LO: 5.1—Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle. 14) Small sea level rise on a shore with a gentle slope will cause a substantial shift in shoreline location.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.6—Human Impact on Global Climate Focus/Concepts: 21.6 ESLI LO: 9.3—Humans cause global climate change through fossil fuel combustion, land-use changes, agricultural practices, and industrial processes. 20 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 13) Dust storms can carry enough dust into the atmosphere to create aerosols.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.8—Some Consequences of Global Warming Focus/Concepts: 21.8 ESLI LO: 4.9—Shorelines move back and forth across continents, depositing sediments that become the surface rocks of the land. 17 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 21.2 True/False Questions 1) Weather is the state of the atmosphere at a given time in a given place over a short period of time.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.8—Mesozoic Era: Dinosaurs Dominate the Land Focus/Concepts: 22.8 ESLI LO: 6.2—Evolution, including the origination and extinction of species, is a natural and ongoing process. 9) A meteorite impact appears to have played a major role in dinosaurs' extinction.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.9—Cenozoic Era: Mammals Diversify Focus/Concepts: 22.9 ESLI LO: 6.2—Evolution, including the origination and extinction of species, is a natural and ongoing process. 20 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 12) Recent studies have indicated that dinosaurs may have been warm-blooded rather than coldblooded.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.9—Cenozoic Era: Mammals Diversify Focus/Concepts: 22.9 ESLI LO: 6.4—More complex life forms and ecosystems have arisen over the course of Earth's history. 22.2 True/False Questions 1) The early Earth was not hospitable to life as we know it because of meteorite bombardment, an oxygen-poor atmosphere, and the molten state of the planet for the first few million years.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 17 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 3) A cap rock is an impermeable rock that will help to concentrate petroleum and natural gas by preventing its flow.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 18 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 7) Hydraulic fracturing is considered to be a risk for groundwater contamination, yet is allowed to occur even though there is ongoing research into its effects.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 4) Coal forms from ancient plant remains originally deposited in swamps and marshes. The original energy content of the coal was derived from the sun.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 7.9—Fossil fuels and uranium currently provide most of our energy resources. 5) Oil sands are associated with sedimentary rocks such as sandstones, shales, and limestones.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.2—Energy Resources: Fossil Fuels Focus/Concepts: 23.2 ESLI LO: 9.7—Human activities significantly alter the biosphere. 8) Renewable energy sources such as wood can regenerate and be sustained indefinitely.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.4—Renewable Energy Focus/Concepts: 23.4 ESLI LO: 7.10—Earth scientists help society move toward greater sustainability. 10) A mineral deposit may lose its profitability due to economic changes such as rising production costs and stock market volatility.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.4—Renewable Energy Focus/Concepts: 23.4 ESLI LO: 7.10—Earth scientists help society move toward greater sustainability. 9) The use of renewable energy has been increasing for the last 40 years and is expected to continue to rise.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.6—Igneous and Metamorphic Processes Focus/Concepts: 23.6 ESLI LO: 4.5—Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries. 13) The gold deposits discovered at Sutters Creek that instigated the California Gold Rush of 1848 were in the form of placer deposits.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.6—Igneous and Metamorphic Processes Focus/Concepts: 23.6 ESLI LO: 4.5—Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries. 19 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 12) Black smokers along the Juan de Fuca Ridge are responsible for massive sulfide deposits.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.8—Nonmetallic Mineral Resources Focus/Concepts: 23.8 ESLI LO: 7.3—Natural resources are limited. 15) Crushed stone, sand, and gravel are three examples of nonmetallic mineral resources that are building materials.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 23.8—Nonmetallic Mineral Resources Focus/Concepts: 23.8 ESLI LO: 7.6—Soil, rocks, and minerals provide essential metals and other materials for agriculture, manufacturing, and building. 23.2 True/False Questions 1) Coal is still an important fuel in the United States, mainly used for producing electricity today.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.1—Our Solar System: An Overview Focus/Concepts: 24.1 ESLI LO: 2.3—Earth formed from the accumulation of dust and gas, and multiple collisions of smaller planetary bodies. 3) The inner planets are the smaller rocky planets that are close in proximity to the sun.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.1—Our Solar System: An Overview Focus/Concepts: 24.1 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 4) The lunar highlands are the light, highly cratered highlands visible on the moon.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.2—Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Focus/Concepts: 24.2 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 17 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 6) Seismic events called moonquakes occur in the moon.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.2—Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Focus/Concepts: 24.2 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 5) Lunar soil is known as regolith.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.2—Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Focus/Concepts: 24.2 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 7) Water erosional features are commonly found on Mars.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.3—Terrestrial Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.3 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 9) Venus is the second brightest object in the night sky.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.4—Jovian Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.4 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 14) Because of Pluto's inclined orbital plane, it appears to cross paths with Neptune and will occasionally be closer to the sun than Neptune.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.4—Jovian Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.4 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 15) Pluto was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930.

TRUE

2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.1—What Makes Earth Habitable? Focus/Concepts: 22.1 ESLI LO: 2.3—Earth formed from the accumulation of dust and gas, and multiple collisions of smaller planetary bodies. 2) The Geologic Time Scale records the history of Earth all the way back to the formation of the Earth.

TRUE

2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.4—Jovian Planets Focus/Concepts: 24.4 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 10) The smallest of the planets in our Solar System is Mercury.

TRUE

3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 21.6—Human Impact on Global Climate Focus/Concepts: 21.6 ESLI LO: 9.3—Humans cause global climate change through fossil fuel combustion, land-use changes, agricultural practices, and industrial processes. 12) Increasing amounts of CO2 in the atmosphere results in increased global temperatures.

TRUE

9) Point bars are locations where deposition occurs whereas cutbanks are locations where erosion occurs.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 16.3—Streamflow Characteristics Focus/Concepts: 16.3 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 6) When discharge increases, the flow velocity will increase.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 16.3—Streamflow Characteristics Focus/Concepts: 16.3 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 7) Sorting is a direct result of streams depositing sediment and rock by weight.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 16.4—The Work of Running Water Focus/Concepts: 16.4 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 8) Streams carry most of their sediment load in the form of suspended load.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 17.2—Groundwater and the Water Table Focus/Concepts: 17.2 ESLI LO: 1.2—Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geological evidence. 5) The water table generally undulates with the ground surface. It is low where the ground surface is low and high where the ground surface is high.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 17.7—The Geologic Work of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.7 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 17.2 True/False Questions 1) The majority of groundwater occurs in pores and cavernous spaces.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.1—Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles Focus/Concepts: 18.1 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 2) The only continental ice sheets left on Earth today are in Greenland and Antarctica.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.2—Formation and Movement of Glacial Ice Focus/Concepts: 18.2 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 18 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 5) Glacial ice always moves in a downward direction.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.2—Formation and Movement of Glacial Ice Focus/Concepts: 18.2 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 6) Most glaciers worldwide are currently in a state of retreat.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.3—Glacial Erosion Focus/Concepts: 18.3 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 8) In order for a bimodal sediment to be called till, it must be directly deposited by glacial ice. If it is not, it is referred to as a diamicton.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.4—Glacial Deposits Focus/Concepts: 18.4 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 19 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 10) A kame is an ice-contact deposit.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.5—Other Effects of Ice-Age Glaciers Focus/Concepts: 18.5 ESLI LO: 3.8—Earth's climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. 12) The North American continent was covered by more ice than the South American continent at the height of the Ice Age.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.1—Earth as a System: The Hydrologic Cycle Focus/Concepts: 16.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 14 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 4) The Nile River in Africa is a stream.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.1—Earth as a System: The Hydrologic Cycle Focus/Concepts: 16.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 2) When precipitation falls, water may not immediately soak in, run off, or evaporate.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.5—Stream Channels Focus/Concepts: 16.5 ESLI LO: 4.8—Weathered and unstable rock materials erode from some parts of Earth's surface and are deposited in others. 10) In a series of stream terrace levels, the oldest terrace is the one that is highest in elevation.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.8—Floods and Flood Control Focus/Concepts: 16.8 ESLI LO: 9.4—Humans affect the quality, availability, and distribution of Earth's water through the modification of streams, lakes, and groundwater. 16.2 True/False Questions 1) The hydrologic cycle is balanced and does not gain or lose in overall water volume.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.2—Groundwater and the Water Table Focus/Concepts: 17.2 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 6) Lakes and streams are surface expressions of the water table.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.2—Groundwater and the Water Table Focus/Concepts: 17.2 ESLI LO: 6.8—Life changes the physical and chemical properties of Earth's geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere. 4) Except where a water table is at the surface, we cannot observe it directly.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.3—Storage and Movement of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.3 ESLI LO: 4.6—Earth materials take many different forms as they cycle through the geosphere. 8) Groundwater migrates from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.4—Wells and Artesian Systems Focus/Concepts: 17.4 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 13) Freshwater is less dense than saltwater.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.6—Environmental Problems Focus/Concepts: 17.6 ESLI LO: 5.3—Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all Earth's systems. 14) Groundwater is considered a nonrenewable resource in any location where it is not replaced at the same rate as it is withdrawn.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.7—The Geologic Work of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.7 ESLI LO: 5.3—Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all Earth's systems.; 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 17) Caves, as formed from dissolution, are most commonly formed in limestone, but are occasionally found in other rock types, like gypsum.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.7—The Geologic Work of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.7 ESLI LO: 5.6—Water shapes landscapes. 16) Most caverns are created at or near the water table.

TRUE

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 18.6—The Ice Age Focus/Concepts: 18.6 ESLI LO: 3.8—Earth's climate is an example of how complex interactions among systems can result in relatively sudden and significant changes. 15) Since 1850 Glacier National Park has gone from 150 glaciers to 25 glaciers.

TRUE

: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.1—Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles Focus/Concepts: 18.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 4) Glaciers form in areas where more snow falls in the winter than is lost in the summer.

TRUE

: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.1—The Importance of Groundwater Focus/Concepts: 17.1 ESLI LO: 5.3—Water's unique combination of physical and chemical properties is essential to the dynamics of all Earth's systems. 16 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 3) When precipitation occurs over a forest, only 25% of the water will make it through the canopy to the forest floor, where other factors may affect how much will infiltrate.

TRUE

: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 17.4—Wells and Artesian Systems Focus/Concepts: 17.4 ESLI LO: 5.1—Water is found everywhere on Earth, from the heights of the atmosphere to the depths of the mantle. 12) The water in the majority of wells cannot rise above the level of the water table on its own.

TRUE

: 3 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 18.4—Glacial Deposits Focus/Concepts: 18.4 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 9) Outwash sediments are stratified by meltwater streams.

TRUE

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 24.1—Our Solar System: An Overview Focus/Concepts: 24.1 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 2) Compare the composition of planetesimals that would have resulted in the terrestrial planets and the Jovian planets.

Terrestrial planets were created by rocky planetesimals, whereas Jovian planets were created by icy planetesimals.

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 16.1—Earth as a System: The Hydrologic Cycle Focus/Concepts: 16.1 ESLI LO: 5.5—Earth's water cycles among the reservoirs of the atmosphere, streams, lakes, ocean, glaciers, groundwater, and deep interior of the planet. 3) Over oceans, rates of evaporation exceed those of precipitation. In spite of this, sea level does not drop. Explain why this is the case.

The balance is achieved because of the runoff carried to the oceans from the continents.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 24.5—Small Solar System Bodies Focus/Concepts: 24.5 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 6) How do astronomers know that asteroids are left over debris from the solar nebula?

The combined mass of all asteroids is now estimated to be less than 1/1000th of Earth.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 20.7—Tides Focus/Concepts: 20.7 ESLI LO: 3.2—All Earth processes are the result of energy flowing and mass cycling within and between Earth's systems. 20.3 Short Answer Questions 1) What is the difference between the eye and eye wall of a hurricane?

The eye is an area of calm in the center of a hurricane. The eye wall is a doughnutshaped wall of convective activity with high winds.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 22.8—Mesozoic Era: Dinosaurs Dominate the Land Focus/Concepts: 22.8 ESLI LO: 6.2—Evolution, including the origination and extinction of species, is a natural and ongoing process. 22.3 Short Answer Questions 1) The geologic time scale does not appear to be divided in equal amounts, as is for example the concept of decades, centuries, and millennia. Why not?

The geologic time scale is based upon the assemblages of flora and fauna, not specific round numbers of years. Therefore, some subdivisions will inherently be larger than others, because evolution and extinction will not happen in exact regular time intervals.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 24.1—Our Solar System: An Overview Focus/Concepts: 24.1 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 3) Why doesn't the moon have an atmosphere?

The moon doesn't have a high-enough gravitational force to retain the gases necessary for an atmosphere.

: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 18.3—Glacial Erosion Focus/Concepts: 18.3 ESLI LO: 5.7—Ice is an especially powerful agent of weathering and erosion. 4) According to the chapter introduction, there have been significant changes in the glaciers of Glacier National Park. What are the rates of changes, what is their cause, and how do these compare with natural rates?

The rate of ice melting is much faster than natural rates and is caused by fossil fuel burning.

: 1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 7 Section: 16.7—Depositional Landforms Focus/Concepts: 16.7 ESLI LO: 9.5—Human activities alter the natural land surface. 16 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 16.3 Short Answer Questions 1) Define evapotranspiration.

The transfer of water from the surface directly to the atmosphere, usually involving evaporation from the soil and respiration by plants.

: 2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing Global Sci Out: 2 Section: 17.2—Groundwater and the Water Table Focus/Concepts: 17.2 ESLI LO: 1.3—Earth science investigations take many different forms. 2) Undulations of the water table mimic those of the ground surface. What would happen to those undulations in the water table if all rain were to cease?

The water table would become flat.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 24.2—Earth's Moon: A Chip Off the Old Block Focus/Concepts: 24.2 ESLI LO: 2.5—Studying other objects in the Solar System helps us to learn Earth's history. 4) What visual evidence do scientists have to support the fact that Jupiter is the fastest-rotating planet in the Solar System?

There is a bulge in the planet in the equatorial region and a slight flattening of the poles.

1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding Global Sci Out: 2 & 8 Section: 21.5—Natural Causes of Climate Change Focus/Concepts: 21.5 ESLI LO: 9.2—Earth scientists use the geologic record to distinguish between natural and human influences on Earth's systems. 22 Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education, Inc. 4) Which will have a greater impact on global temperatures: volcanic ash or volcanic gases? Why?

Volcanic gases. They stay in the atmosphere for longer. Also, they can bond with dust and water to make aerosols and reflect incoming solar radiation.