Geometry - Unit 8 - Solid Geometry
LESSON 2 ORTHOGRAPHIC, ISOMETRIC, AND PERSPECTIVE DRAWINGS---------------------------------------------------------------
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right cone
a cone in which the axis of the cone is perpendicular to the base
axis of a cone
a segment that extends from the apex of a cone to the center of the base
LESSON 2 THREE-DIMENSIONAL FIGURES----------------------------
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LESSON 3 FORMULAS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL FIGURES---------
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LESSON 4 PROPERTIES OF PRISMS-------------------------------------
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LESSON 5 PROPERTIES OF CYLINDERS--------------------------------
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LESSON 6 PROPERTIES OF PYRAMIDS---------------------------------
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LESSON 7 PROPERTIES OF CONES-------------------------------------
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LESSON 8 PROPERTIES OF SPHERES-----------------------------------
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great circle
a circle formed by the intersection of the surface of a sphere with a plane that passes through the center of the sphere
oblique cone
a cone in which the axis of the cone is not perpendicular to the base
oblique cylinder
a cylinder in which its axis is not perpendicular to its bases
right cylinder
a cylinder in which its axis is perpendicular to its bases
base of a geometric solid
a face of a three-dimensional figure by which the figure is measured or classified
perspective drawing
a form of three-dimensional projection in which all nonvertical parallel lines appear to meet at a distant point, called the vanishing point
isometric projection
a form of three-dimensional projection in which all three planes are drawn parallel to established axes and at full scale
Orthographic Projection
a form of three-dimensional projection that presents six views of an object in which the line of sight for each view is perpendicular to the plane of the figure
cone
a geometric solid formed by a circular base and a curved surface that connects the base to a vertex
pyramid
a geometric solid formed by a polygonal base and triangular lateral faces that meet at a common vertex
cylinder
a geometric solid formed by two congruent, circular bases and a curved surface that connects the bases
prism
a geometric solid formed by two parallel, congruent bases connected by faces that are parallelograms
polyhedron
a geometric solid in which four or more polygons intersect only at their edges; plural is polyhedra
non-polyhedron
a geometric solid that contains at least one curved surface
horizon
a horizontal line on a perspective drawing that contains the vanishing point(s)
vanishing point
a point on the horizon where nonvertical parallel lines appear to meet in a perspective drawing
projected point
a point that lies on one of the three planes of a three-dimensional coordinate system and corresponds to two of the numbers in an ordered triple
oblique prism
a prism in which at least one of the lateral faces is not a rectangle
right prism
a prism in which each lateral face is a rectangle
right pyramid
a pyramid in which the altitude of the pyramid extends from the apex to the center of the base
oblique pyramid
a pyramid in which the altitude of the pyramid extends from the apex to the plane of the base not at the center of the base
irregular pyramid
a pyramid whose base is not a regular polygon
cube
a rectangular prism with six square faces
regular pyramid
a right pyramid whose base is a regular polygon
radius of a sphere
a segment that connects the center of the sphere with any point on the surface of the sphere
axis of a cylinder
a segment that extends from one base of a cylinder to the other base and whose endpoints are the centers of the two bases
altitude of a cone
a segment that extends from the apex of a cone to the plane of its base and is perpendicular to the plane of the base
altitude of a pyramid
a segment that extends from the apex of a pyramid to the plane of its base and is perpendicular to the plane of the base
ordered triple
a set of three numbers that indicates the position of a point in space on a three-dimensional coordinate system
isometric dot paper
a sheet of paper with rows of dots that are arranged so they are oriented 30° from the horizontal
geometric solid
a three-dimensional figure that encloses a region of space
net
a two-dimensional diagram of the surfaces of a three-dimensional figure that can be folded to form a geometric solid
three-dimensional projection
a two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional figure drawn on a given plane as it would be seen from a particular direction or according to a particular set of rules
linear perspective
a visual phenomenon in which the apparent size of objects with respect to their distance from the viewer are determined by means of intersecting lines that radiate from a point on the horizon
lateral face
any face of a prism that is not a base
face of a geometric solid
each flat surface of a three-dimensional figure
hemisphere
half of a sphere
Cavalieri's principle
if two geometric solids with the same height have the same cross-sectional area at every level, then they have the same volume
lateral surface of a cone
the curved surface that connects the base of a cone to the apex of the cone
lateral surface of a cylinder
the curved surface that connects the two bases of a cylinder
slant height of a cone
the distance from the apex of a right cone to a point on the edge of the base
slant height of a pyramid
the distance from the apex to the midpoint of an edge where a lateral face meets the base
cross section of a geometric solid
the intersection of a geometric solid with a plane
sphere
the locus of points in space that are a fixed distance from a point called the center of the sphere
volume of a geometric solid
the number of non overlapping unit cubes of a given size that will fill the interior of a geometric solid
vertex of a geometric solid
the point that is the intersection of three or more faces of a three-dimensional figure
edge of a geometric solid
the segment that is formed by the intersection of two faces of a three-dimensional figure
lateral area
the sum of the areas of all of the lateral surfaces of a geometric solid
surface area
the total area of all the faces and curved surfaces of a geometric solid
apex of a cone
the vertex of a cone
apex of a pyramid
the vertex opposite the base where all the lateral faces meet
