GI Disorders Review

Clinical manifestations of gut dysbiosis would include which of the following? (select all that apply) A. Bloating, abdominal pain, and cramping B. Constipation or diarrhea C. Fatigue, brain fog, and lowered mood D. Skin conditions like psoriasis E. Joint pain

A. Bloating, abdominal pain, and cramping B. Constipation or diarrhea C. Fatigue, brain fog, and lowered mood D. Skin conditions like psoriasis E. Joint pain

A patient with chronic gastritis and peptic ulcer disease would likely be tested for A. Helicobacter pylori. B. occult blood. C. lymphocytes. D. herpes simplex.

A. Helicobacter pylori.

Chief cells secrete ____, while parietal cells secrete ____. A. Pepsinogen, hydrogen chloride. B. hydrogen chloride, pepsinogen. C. Gastrin, intrinsic factor. D. Gastrin, intrinsic factor

A. Pepsinogen, hydrogen chloride.

An acute hepatitis infection will show which laboratory results (select all that apply) A. Positive hepatitis B surface antigen B. Positive anti-HB core IgM C. Negative anti-HB surface IgG D. Negative anti-HB core IgE

A. Positive hepatitis B surface antigen B. Positive anti-HB core IgM C. Negative anti-HB surface IgG

Signs and symptoms of acute pancreatitis most likely include which of the following? (select all that apply) A. Steady, boring epigastric pain B. Hypoglycemia C. Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels D. Leukocytosis

A. Steady, boring epigastric pain C. Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels D. Leukocytosis

Portal hypertension can lead to which of the following signs and symptoms? (select all that apply) A. anorexia B. ascites C. decreased bilirubin D. esophageal varices

A. anorexia B. ascites D. esophageal varices

Acute right lower quadrant pain (McBurney's point) associated with rebound tenderness and systemic signs of inflammation are indicative of A. appendicitis. B. peritonitis. C. cholecystitis. D. gastritis.

A. appendicitis.

Ulcerative colitis is commonly associated with A. bloody diarrhea. B. malabsorption of nutrients. C. fistula formation between loops of bowel. D. inflammation and scarring of the submucosal layer of the bowel.

A. bloody diarrhea.

Which of the following signs and symptoms can be related to complications of cirrhosis? (select all that apply) A. bruising and bleeding B. splenomegaly C. edema and ascites D. encephalopathy

A. bruising and bleeding B. splenomegaly C. edema and ascites D. encephalopathy

The action of bile is to A. emulsify fats. B. digest cellulose. C. convert sucrose. D. release free amino acids.

A. emulsify fats.

Which of the following situations does NOT contribute to the development of peptic ulcer disease? A. frequent use of acetaminophen. B. infection with Helicobacter Pylori. C. frequent use of ibuprofen. D. smoking

A. frequent use of acetaminophen.

Patients who may be at risk for development of cholesterol gallstones include (Select all that apply.) A. high spinal cord injuries. B. patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. C. patients receiving chemotherapy. D. patients with rapid weight loss. E. pregnant women.

A. high spinal cord injuries. B. patients receiving total parenteral nutrition. D. patients with rapid weight loss. E. pregnant women.

Which of the following statements is true regarding cholelithiasis and cholecystitis? (select all that apply) A. hypomotility of the gall bladder can occur in pregnancy, obesity, and a low fat diet. B. supersaturation of bile with cholesterol is a phase in the development of a gall stone. C. rapid weight loss is a risk factor for developing gall stones D. symptoms of chronic cholecystitis include epigastric or right upper quadrant pain radiating to the back, nausea, vomiting, fat intolerance, bloating, and flatus.

A. hypomotility of the gall bladder can occur in pregnancy, obesity, and a low fat diet. B. supersaturation of bile with cholesterol is a phase in the development of a gall stone. C. rapid weight loss is a risk factor for developing gall stones D. symptoms of chronic cholecystitis include epigastric or right upper quadrant pain radiating to the back, nausea, vomiting, fat intolerance, bloating, and flatus.

Leaky gut syndrome results from increased intestinal permeability due to immune activation and proinflammatory cytokine production related to pathogenic bacterial overgrowth. True False

True

Which of the following could be the underlying cause of a clinical complaint of frequent heartburn? (select all that apply) A. peptic ulcer disease B. gastroesophageal reflux C. ulcerative colitis D. hiatal hernia

A. peptic ulcer disease B. gastroesophageal reflux D. hiatal hernia

Signs and symptoms of colon cancer include (select all that apply) A. rectal pain or fullness. B. constipation or diarrhea. C. black, tarry, or pencil-shaped stool D. change in bowel habits.

A. rectal pain or fullness. B. constipation or diarrhea. C. black, tarry, or pencil-shaped stool D. change in bowel habits.

Which symptom suggests the presence of a hiatal hernia? A. Nausea B. Heartburn C. Diarrhea D. Abdominal cramps

B. Heartburn

Most gallstones are composed of A. bile. B. cholesterol. C. calcium. D. uric acid salts.

B. cholesterol.

A patient who is at risk for peptic ulcer disease is one who A. has been taking 6 to 8 tablets of acetaminophen per day for 3 weeks. B. has been taking ibuprofen daily for 6 months. C. is experiencing chronic diarrhea. D. routinely drinks alcoholic beverages.

B. has been taking ibuprofen daily for 6 months.

Which of the following situations can contribute to development of peptic ulcer disease? (select all that apply) A. frequent use of acetaminophen. B. infection with Helicobacter Pylori. C. frequent use of ibuprofen. D. smoking

B. infection with Helicobacter Pylori. C. frequent use of ibuprofen. D. smoking

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) A. is an autoimmune disorder B. is characterized by periods of remission interspersed with periods of exacerbation C. is caused by infection with H. pylori D. is characterized by abnormal gastrointestinal motility and secretion

B. is characterized by periods of remission interspersed with periods of exacerbation

Epigastric pain that is relieved by food is suggestive of A. pancreatitis. B. peptic ulcer disease. C. gastritis. D. dysphagia.

B. peptic ulcer disease.

Barrett esophagus is a A. gastrin secreting lesion. B. preneoplastic lesion. C. benign condition. D. gastrin-secreting tumor.

B. preneoplastic lesion.

The pain associated with acute pancreatitis is generally described as ________ in nature. A. sharp and constant B. steady and boring C. intermittent and burning D. intermittent and stabbing

B. steady and boring

Which of the following statements is FALSE? A. Abdominal pain is generally not caused by cutting or crushing abdominal organs. B. Melena is an indication of blood in the stool. C. Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are two types of irritable bowel syndrome. D. Patients who have achalasia have difficulty in swallowing both solids and liquids.

C. Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are two types of irritable bowel syndrome.

What clinical finding would suggest an esophageal cause of a client's report of dysphagia? A. Nasal regurgitation and coughing B. Airway obstruction with swallowing C. Heartburn and chest pain during meals D. Coughing when swallowing

C. Heartburn and chest pain during meals

An early indicator of colon cancer is A. rectal pain. B. bloody diarrhea. C. a change in bowel habits. D. jaundice.

C. a change in bowel habits.

More than half of the initial cases of pancreatitis are associated with A. trauma. B. stones. C. alcoholism. D. high cholesterol.

C. alcoholism.

Hepatitis B is usually transmitted by exposure to A. hepatitis vaccine. B. feces. C. blood or semen. D. contaminated food.

C. blood or semen.

Acute right upper quadrant tenderness and guarding with a positive Murphy's sign is indicative of A. appendicitis. B. peritonitis. C. cholecystitis. D. gastritis.

C. cholecystitis.

Jaundice is a common manifestation of A. malabsorption syndromes. B. anemia. C. liver disease. D. cholecystitis.

C. liver disease.

Elevated serum lipase and amylase levels are indicative of A. gallbladder disease. B. appendicitis. C. pancreatitis. D. peritonitis.

C. pancreatitis.

Esophageal varices represent a complication of ________ hypertension. A. primary B. pregnancy-induced C. portal D. secondary

C. portal

A viral hepatitis screen with positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) should be interpreted as ________ hepatitis B. A. recovered from B. immunity to C. chronic active D. Acute

D. Acute

Individuals diagnosed with celiac disease may suffer from which of the following disorders or conditions? A. Osteopenia B. Failure to thrive C. Anemia D. Any of the above may be experienced by an individual with celiac disease.

D. Any of the above may be experienced by an individual with celiac disease.

What finding would rule out a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in a patient with chronic diarrhea? A. Negative stool leukocytes B. Intermittent constipation C. Abdominal pain and distention D. Bloody stools

D. Bloody stools

A patient with a history of alcoholism presents with hematemesis and profound anemia. The expected diagnosis is A. ascites. B. cerebral edema. C. hepatic encephalopathy. D. gastroesophageal varices.

D. gastroesophageal varices.

Hepatic encephalopathy is associated with A. hyperbilirubinemia. B. hyperuricemia. C. toxic effects of alcohol on brain cells. D. increased blood ammonia levels.

D. increased blood ammonia levels.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) A. is an autoimmune disorder B. is characterized by periods of remission interspersed with periods of exacerbation C. is caused by infection with H. pylori D. is characterized by abnormal gastrointestinal motility leading to diarrhea, constipation, or alternating patterns of both.

D. is characterized by abnormal gastrointestinal motility leading to diarrhea, constipation, or alternating patterns of both.

Pathophysiologically, esophageal varices can be attributed to A. elevated bilirubin. B. diminished protein metabolism. C. fluid accumulation. D. portal hypertension.

D. portal hypertension.

The portion of the stomach that controls gastric emptying is the A. fundus. B. body. C. antrum. D. pylorus.

D. pylorus.

A patient with peptic ulcer disease may have anemia because of either blood loss or insufficient intrinsic factor. True False

True

Atrophy of the intestinal villi in celiac disease can lead to anemia and osteopenia. True False

True

Celiac disease involves an autoimmune reaction. True False

True

Celiac disease is an immune-mediated disorder triggered by ingestion of gluten-containing grains such as wheat, barley, and rye. True False

True