global issues Quiz
International organization
A body or association established by two or more states, usually formed to help states implement their obligations under a relevant international law
Treaty
A formal agreement between two or more states designed to settle a dispute or sit down guidelines for future actions
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According to Ch. 5, which one of the following is a significant challenge for the International Criminal Court (ICC)?
conditional cooperation
According to liberal theorists, constant monitoring of each other's compliance with any agreement leads the different parties under an agreement to pursue a policy of:
high seas
According to the LOS treaty, the area of C beyond 200 nautical miles, over which no individual state has exclusive jurisdiction. Areas of seas considered beyond territorial waters.
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
According to the LOS treaty, the area up to 200 nautical miles from a states shoreline, within which that states national government has the right to control all see related commercial activities by national and foreign agents, for example, fishing or drilling and extracting oil and gas from the seabed below the waters of the EEZ
Responsibility to Protect
Doctrine that in the events of mass humanitarian crisis, when host governments are unable or unwilling to respond, other states have an obligation to intervene to relieve the suffering
Second Gulf War 2003
During which of these wars was Chapter VII of the UN Charter invoked?
Chapter 5 summary:
Enduring question: How important are international laws and organizations in a world of sovereign states? · There is no ultimate, singular authority to arbitrate international relations. For the most part, states recognize, comply, and operate under international law, and a significant amount of interactions between states take place within international organizations like the UN. · Some international laws or organizations are universal (with near-total membership or acceptance by countries around the world), whereas others are not, like regional treaties and organizations such as NATO. · Four key differences set international law apart from domestic law and limit its scope: 1. In international law, there is no arbitrator independent from the actors (a police force, criminal and civil prosecutors, and judges). Actors (States) must decide when their rights have been violated and how to react. 2. International law is heavily fragmented. It consists of various topic fields and geographic areas are covered by a patchwork of different laws and organizations, each at different levels of jurisdiction and development. 3. Precedence matters to a far lesser degree when dealing with international law, creating uncertainty about how each case should be decided. 4. There is no sure jurisdiction - there is no automatic requirement that a state respond to another state who seeks redress in an international court. · One important field within international law is that concerned with the initiation of war. o Most of the modern framework regarding war is contained within the UN Security Council and Chapter VII of the UN charter. o Under this framework, the UN has sweeping powers to regulate armed conflict. However, while there are examples of successful international coalitions and interventions, there are also examples of unilateral actions by states without the explicit blessing of the UN. · Humanitarian Law, dealing with protection of groups being systematically targeted for violence by states, is another important field of international law. o International humanitarian law has developed greatly since its inception after the Second World War. The ICC, R2P, and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights all represent laws and organizations created to safeguard human rights, even over the sovereignty of states. o Implementation of these statutes has been a mixed bag. Human rights have not been embraced universally, the international community has intervened in some wars and genocides while ignoring others, and institutions like the ICC have been accused of being a tool for powerful states to influence weaker ones. · Regulations concerning the use of the world's waterways represent another important field of international law. o The LOS treaty lays out both the rights of states to their coastal waters, as well as the rights of states and other actors using those waterways. o Though most states abide by obligations under the LOS, conflicts such as the dispute between China and its neighbors over claims in the South China Sea reflect the difficulty of enforcement of international law. · Over the course of time, international law has become more ambitious and comprehensive, developing from habit and custom as well as from agreements and treaties. o A continual issue plaguing international law is the lack of a central enforcement mechanism. · The significance of international law varies between schools of IR theory: o Liberal International Relations theory emphasizes how international law is central to the potential for states to cooperate, creating an avenue for states to transcend collective action issues (Prisoner's Dilemma) and coordinate behavior. o Realists view international law and organizations as secondary to the interests and power dynamics between states underlying them, simply reflecting powerful states legitimizing their own power. o Constructivists emphasize how international law reflects shared norms between states, and its effectiveness predicated on such norms.
International Law
Explicit rulers that's stipulate the rights and the obligations that states have the respect to other states or other actors covered by the law
Jus ad bellum
International law that stipulates the legitimate grounds under which a state may go to war is called
AD hoc. Legal proceedings that are less formal than court proceedings and applied to spend
International tribunals are _
Customary international law
Legal norms that, well not written down as formal laws, have come to be seen by states as having some capacity to control their behavior
Resolve collective action dilemmas
Liberal international law theory emphasizes how international law help states
International Criminal Court (ICC)
Permanent body to prosecute individuals suspected of international war crimes of genocide
Liberalism
Proponents of which school of thought are divided on whether international laws and organizations are consequential?
Truth and Reconciliation Commissions
Public hearings about humanitarian crimes, such as in South Africa after a partheid
Truth and reconciliation commissions
Public hearings about humanitarian crimes, such as in South Africa after apartheid are called ________________________________.
International institutions
Sets of rules, principles, and expectations that govern interstate interactions
Intergovernmental organization and supranational organization
The EU is an example of a
all points mentioned here
The European Union is an example of __________________________________.
Non-universal international law
The North Atlantic Treaty of Organization (NATO) is an example of
Genocide
Violent crimes committed against a particular national, racial, religious, or ethnic group with the intent of destroying the existence of that group
International Institutions
What are sets of rules, principles, and expectations that govern interstate interaction called?
Strategy of national but especially global NGOs to highlight publicly the possible noncompliance of states with their obligations under international humanitarian and human rights laws, with the goal of compelling those states to react to the unfavorable depictions by bringing their behavior more in line with international legal norms
What does 'Naming and Shaming' mean?
Written laws that are agreed upon and codified by participating states.
What does 'statutory international law' mean?
A strategy or Tit for Tat
What is conditional cooperation?
Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)
What is the area beyond 200 nautical miles of any shoreline known as?
proscription
What part of international law involves actions that a state may not take towards other states or relevant actors
prescription
What part of international law involves actions that states should or may elect to take?
Customary international law
What type of international law arises from a set of unwritten rules made a parent by the individual statements and behavior of states?
Non-Proliferation Treaty
Which of the following is an example of an international agreement initiated by the United States and the Soviet Union, which effectively prevented any other nation from trying to develop their nuclear power?
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Which of the following is an example of an organization formed by states to confront a common enemy?
Creation of shanghai cooperation organization, 2001
Which of the following is an example of non-universal international law?
No clear system to codify laws
Which of the following is not a difference between international law and domestic law
Chapter VII of the UN charter
Which of the following is not an example of a international law, organization, or norm dealing with humanitarian law
A trend towards more ambitious and comprehensive agreements overtime
Which of the following reflects a general observation of international law
A trend toward more ambitious and comprehensive agreements over time
Which of the following reflects a general observation of international law?
liberalism
Which of the following theoretical perspectives argues that in addition to an external threat, a hegemonic leader is also necessary for effective adherence to international legal and organizational commitments?
International Criminal Court (ICC)
Which of these is the body that prosecutes individuals suspected of international war crimes or genocide?
Lack of central authority
Which one of the following is NOT a difference between international law and domestic law?
liberalism
Which perspective is most likely to highlight the converging values of the East and the West as an important driver in the development of international standards of human rights, democracy, and the rule of law?
Constructivism
Which school of thought believes that international laws and organizations only provide functional solutions to collective action problems?
Marxism
Which school of thought believes that international organizations, such as the WTO, have been established with the purpose of furthering the interests of capitalist states?
Constructivism
Which school of thought believes that world political conditions inform international law, and law in turn shapes the behavior of states and other political actors?
Marxist
Which schools of thought share the view that international laws and institutions are used as weapons by some nations to dominate others?
Salutatory international law
Written laws that are agreed-upon in codified by participating states
veto players
_______________ are persons or organizations within a political system whose consent is required for some policy to be accepted and implemented. There are typically more _____________ in democracies than in non-democracies.
International Organization
________________ is/are defined as bodies or associations established by two or more states, usually formed to help states implement their obligations under a relevant international law.
International tribunal
ad hoc legal proceedings that are less formal than court proceedings and applied to specific international situations, such as genocide in Rwanda during the 1990s
Territorial Sea
From customary international law, codified now and DLOS treaty, the area that extends 12 nautical miles from a states shoreline, and within which the coastal state, with only a few exceptions, has nearly complete sovereignty
From customary international law, codified now in the LOS treaty, the area that extends 12 nautical miles from a state's shoreline, and within which the coastal state, with only a few exceptions, has nearly complete sovereignty
How is 'territorial sea' defined?
Territorial Sea
The area that extends 12 nautical miles from a states shoreline is its
Liberalism
The argument that international law and organizations are intrinsically important features of world politics in that they help states solve problems by coordinating behavior and resolving collective action dilemmas comes from which theoretical perspective?
Marxism
The argument that modern international law and organizations serve the interests of the dominant, 'core' capitalist states at the expense of the weaker states on the 'periphery' of world economy comes from which theoretical perspective?
Jus ad bellum
The international law that stipulates the legitimate grounds under which a state may go to war. In today's world that law is found in chapter VII of the UN charter
