GML Chapter 22
The self-confident woman portrayed as fully capable of doing a man's job on posters and on magazine covers during World War II was called
"Rosie the Riveter."
The self-confident woman, portrayed as fully capable of doing a man's job in posters and on magazine covers during World War II, was called
"Rosie the Riveter."
Until 1941, what percent of Japan's oil supply came from the US?
80%
Which of the following was not an effect of wartime mobilization on American society?
Americans of German descent were herded into internment camps, on the basis that their loyalties could not be trusted.
Where did Hitler annex in 1938?
Austria and the Sudetenland
After breaking Japanese codes, the American navy was forewarned about the timing of this attack and prepared for an ambush. This battle proved to be the turning point of the Pacific naval war.
Battle of Midway
The founder of Italian fascism who sent troops to invade and conquer Ethiopia was
Benito Mussolini
The founder of Italian fascism who sent troops to invade and conquer Ethiopia was:
Benito Mussolini
The founder of Italian fascism who sent troops to invade and conquer Ethiopia was
Benito Mussolini.
Which of the following was not a significant difference between the conservative and liberal visions for postwar America?
Conservatives regarded capitalism as essential to America's future; liberals regarded socialism as essential to America's future.
June 6, 1944, the day on which nearly 200,000 American, British, and Canadian soldiers landed in northwestern France, in Normandy, is known as
D-Day
June 6, 1944, the day on which nearly 200,000 American, British, and Canadian soldiers landed in northwestern France, in Normandy, is known as
D-Day.
T or F: During the war, the AFL made great strides in helping blacks and was more racially integrated than any union had ever been before.
F
T or F: Freedom of speech and freedom of worship were not principles expressed by the Atlantic Charter because FDR feared their application to the African-American struggle for racial justice and equality at home.
F
T or F: The "zoot suit" riots were between the police of Detroit and the black workers of the city.
F
T or F: The majority of the Japanese-Americans who were interned during the war were not actually citizens of the United States.
F
Which of the following was not a feature of American involvement in World War II?
FDR agreed to a wartime alliance with the Soviet Union only after Stalin promised to rid his country of communism after the war.
At Bataan in the Philippines, U.S. and Filipino forces captured 78,000 Japanese soldiers in the largest surrender in Japanese military history.
False
By the late 1930s, Americans were nearly universally in favor of intervening militarily in Germany to stop the horrors being perpetrated against Jews and others by Adolf Hitler and his followers.
False
Germany suffered far higher casualties among its soldiers on the Western Front than it did on the Russian Front.
False
In World War I the French had been successful at keeping the invading German army out of Paris; in World War II, the French also succeeded in keeping the Nazis from occupying Paris.
False
Josef Stalin and Adolf Hitler were bitter enemies who could agree on nothing at the beginning of World War II.
False
President Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066 ordered the internment of all Japanese-Americans who refused to sign an oath of loyalty to the United States.
False
Senator Gerald P. Nye's 1934-1935 hearings demonstrated that bankers had suffered terrible economic setbacks during World War I.
False
The "double-V" campaign stood for a double victory, one in the European Theatre and one in the Pacific Theatre.
False
The America First Committee sought to ensure that America would be one of the first nations to enter the conflict against Adolf Hitler.
False
The Roosevelt administration paid little attention to foreign affairs before the attack on Pearl Harbor.
False
War mobilization lifted the industrial Northeast out of the Depression, but left the economies of the South and the West virtually untouched.
False
Who of the following were known as the "Big Three"?
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin
Who of the following were known as the "Big Three?"
Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin
Which was not one of the Four Freedoms, President Roosevelt's shorthand for American purposes in World War II: freedom of speech, freedom of want, freedom of liberty, or freedom from fear?
Freedom of Liberty
Which was not one of the Four Freedoms, President Roosevelt's shorthand for American purposes in World War II?
Freedom of Liberty
Proper sequence of WWII events
German annexation of Austria; Hitler-Stalin non-aggression pact; Battle of Stalingrad; "Big Three" conference at Yalta
Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?
German annexation of Austria; Hitler-Stalin non-aggression pact; Battle of Stalingrad; "Big Three" conference at Yalta
Who was in the military alliance called the Axis?
Germany, Italy, and Japan
During World War II, the Axis powers were
Germany, Italy, and Japan.
On December 7, 1941, Japanese planes attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor. Where is Pearl Harbor?
Hawaii
Why did Franklin D. Roosevelt announce his candidacy for a third term in 1940?
He argued that the recovery was too fragile and the international situation too dangerous for him to leave his post.
Which was not a goal or action of Adolf Hitler's?
He seized control of the Philippines and Malaysia.
Check all that apply. Which was a goal or action of Adolf Hitler's?
He sent troops to occupy the Rhineland.
Check all that apply. Which was a goal or action of Adolf Hitler's?
He sought to control the entire European continent.
Check all that apply. Which was a goal or action of Adolf Hitler's?
He violated the Versailles Treaty and pursued German rearmament.
Check all that apply. Which of the following was a feature of American involvement in World War II?
It took the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor to shock a reluctant nation into entering the war. Correct Answer
Congress passed this legislation in 1941, which authorized military aid so long as countries promised to return it all after the war. The passing of this act allowed the U.S. to funnel billions of dollars' worth of arms to Britain, China, and later the Soviet Union.
Lend-Lease Act
What province of northern China did Japan invade in 1931?
Manchuria
The American Indians who were famously called "code talkers" during World War II were from the:
Navajo people
Check all that apply. Which of the following was a feature of American involvement in World War II?
Only with the Allied invasion of Normandy did American troops assume a major presence in European combat.
With the spread of what on college campuses, tens of thousands of students took part in a "strike for peace" in 1935?
Pacifism
Japanese propaganda depicted Americans as a self-indulgent people contaminated by ethnic and racial diversity, as opposed to the racially "pure" Japanese.
T
T or F: By 1945, support for racial justice had finally taken its place on the liberal-left agenda alongside full employment, civil liberties, and the expansion of the New Deal welfare state.
T
T or F: Texas passed the Caucasian Race-Equal Privileges resolution in 1943 in a goodwill effort to help Mexican-Americans.
T
T or F: The dropping of the atomic bombs to end World War II was the logical culmination of a war that was unprecedented in the targeting of civilian populations in the fighting.
T
T or F: The war experience brought many more Native Americans closer to the mainstream of American life.
T
T or F: The Bretton Woods meeting established a new international economic system.
T
The desire for both victory at home against segregation and victory overseas against the Germans and the Japanese came to be called this by African-Americans during World War II.
The "double-V"
According to Eric Foner, which of the following newspapers pointed out the discrepancy between American ideals of Democracy and civil rights reality of racial discrimination in the United States during World War II?
The Crisis
Which of the following gatherings did not play a major role in the planning of the postwar international order?
The Munich conference
Why did Japan surrender?
The U.S. had cut off all trading with them,
Which of the following was not a major thrust of the Four Freedoms promoted by FDR: 1) All people are entitled to express their views, whatever those views may be. 2)Everyone—regardless of race or belief—has a right to freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. 3) The only thing Americans have to fear is fear itself. 4) A decent standard of living is one of the bedrocks of freedom.
The only thing Americans have to fear is fear itself.
Which of the following was not a major thrust of the Four Freedoms promoted by FDR?
The only thing Americans have to fear is fear itself.
What did the Four Freedoms Show include?
Theatrical presentations, parades, and other events aimed at persuading Americans to purchase war bonds.
As late as December 1944, more American military personnel were deployed in the Pacific theater of war than against Germany.
True
As the war drew to a close, tensions emerged among the Allied powers over Stalin's reluctance to allow self-rule in eastern Europe, and Churchill's reluctance to allow self-rule for Great Britain's colonies.
True
At least 20 million Russians died during World War II, both soldiers and civilians.
True
Automotive manufacturing giant Henry Ford opposed United States involvement in World War II.
True
By 1944, the United States produced a plane every five minutes, and a ship every day.
True
During Germany's effort to seize Stalingrad beginning in August 1942, 800,000 Germans and 1.2 million Russians died in the fighting.
True
During World War II, 15 million American men served in the military, and 350,000 women served in auxiliary military units.
True
During World War II, membership numbers for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) grew to approximately one-half million.
True
During World War II, the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) was probably more racially integrated than any labor organization since the Knights of Labor in the 1880s.
True
During World War II, the NAACP and American Jewish Congress cooperated closely in advocating laws to ban discrimination in employment and housing.
True
During World War II, the Red Cross refused to mix blood from blacks and whites in its blood banks.
True
During World War II, the federal government spent twice the amount of money it had spent in all of the previous 150 years of American history.
True
Eighty percent of Japan's oil came from the United States prior to 1941.
True
Following America's entry into the war, the federal government assumed vast powers to oversee the national economy.
True
In May 1942, the United States Navy thwarted a Japanese attack against Australia in the Battle of the Coral Sea.
True
Most of the bloodshed that occurred in Europe during World War II took place on the eastern front.
True
The Ford Motor Company employed slave labor provided by the German government.
True
The United States inflicted severe losses on the Japanese Navy in the Battle of Midway Island.
True
The term "blitzkrieg" means "lightning war."
True
Toward the end of World War II, evidence existed that Japanese officials would accept surrender if Emperor Hirohito could remain on his throne.
True
Unions became firmly established in many sectors of the economy during World War II.
True
War mobilization greatly strengthened the size and stature of the American labor movement.
True
With the coming of peace, women employed in war-related industries came under increasing pressure to leave their jobs and resume their role as homemakers.
True
Check all that apply. Which of the following was a feature of American involvement in World War II?
Truman's decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japan was based in part on a fear that hundreds of thousands of Americans might otherwise die in a land war.
This area of the country emerged as a focus of military-industrial production during WWII.
West Coast
Which leader demanded that the Atlantic Charter, which would apply to non-European colonies and nations?
Winston Churchill
Which of the following leaders demanded that the Atlantic Charter, which would apply to non-European colonies and nations?
Winston Churchill
What steps led to American participation in World War II?
Winston Churchill asking for US help,
The limits of wartime tolerance were tested in 1943 Los Angeles with the:
Zoot Suit Riots
In 1940, the "cash and carry" plan:
a.allowed Great Britain to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis.
A key source of American reluctance to confront the rise of Nazism and fascism in Europe during the 1930s was
all of the above.
Korematsu vs. U.S. is a case about:
an American citizen's resistance to being interred because of his Japanese ancestors
Which of the following statements best describes Japan's overseas actions in the 1930s?
b.Japan invaded China in 1931 and 1937 to expand its military and economic power.
How did "Patriotic Assimilation" differ from "Americanization"?
b.Patriotic assimilation described the American way of life, where people of different backgrounds could live together in freedom and unite as a people.
Organized labor assisted in the war effort by:
b.agreeing to a no-strike pledge.
The Lend-Lease Act:
b.authorized military aid to those fighting against Germany and Japan.
The GI Bill of Rights:
b.included scholarships for education for veterans.
Women working in defense industries during the war:
b.made up one-third of the West Coast workers in aircraft manufacturing and shipbuilding.
FDR's "Economic Bill of Rights":
b.would have empowered the federal government to secure education, housing, medical care, and full employment for all Americans.
Under this program, tens of thousands of contract laborers from Mexico crossed into the United States to take up jobs as domestic and agricultural workers during World War II.
bracero program
Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Asian-American experience during World War II?
c. Executive Order 9066 fully integrated Asian-Americans into U.S. army units serving overseas.
Men like Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and Father Coughlin were members of the:
c.America First committee, an isolationist group.
Who did publisher Henry Luce credit with the provision of "the abundant life" in his blueprint for postwar prosperity, The American Century?
c.Free enterprise.
Under the bracero program:
c.Mexicans were encouraged to immigrate, but they were denied the right of citizenship.
Why did Executive Order 9066 NOT apply to persons of Japanese descent living in Hawaii?
c.Since nearly 40 percent of the population was of Japanese descent, the evacuation order would have been impractical.
How did World War II change the role of corporations in American life?
c.Technological innovation and high productivity in the war effort restored the reputation of corporations from its Depression lows.
What did Henry Luce and Henry Wallace have in common?
c.They both put forth a new conception of America's role in the world based in part on internationalism and on the idea that the American experience should serve as a model for all other nations.
Why did so many American workers walk out of their jobs between 1943 and 1944?
c.They charged their employers with the unseemly expansion of corporate profits.
For most women workers, World War II:
c.allowed them to make temporary gains.
After the United States entered World War II:
d.Americans experienced a series of military losses.
What did Roosevelt mean by the phrase "Freedom from Want"?
d.B and C
How did wartime experiences change Mexican-American life in California?
d.Employment opportunities in the defense sector prompted Mexican-Americans to find work outside of their neighborhoods.
In what aspect of American foreign policy did Franklin D. Roosevelt remove himself from Herbert Hoover's precedent?
d.He formally recognized the Soviet Union in an effort to stimulate trade.
How did World War II affect the West Coast of the United States?
d.Millions of Americans moved to California for jobs and military service.
What taste of freedom did women enjoy in World War II?
d.The perks of doing men's jobs.
The status of blacks during World War II:
d.in northeastern cities was not always improved, despite the promise of better economic opportunity through wartime jobs.
"Rosie the Riveter":
d.refers to Norman Rockwell's image of a female industrial laborer.
Fascism:
e.A and B
The Road to Serfdom:
e.A and B
"D-Day" refers to the:
e.Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy.
Which of the following does NOT explain why Americans hoped to avoid involvement in the war in Europe?
e.It was clear to most people that there was little possibility of an Allied victory.
Which statement about the Japanese-American internment is FALSE?
e.Once their loyalty was proven, they were free to leave.
The Office of War Information:
e.used radio, film, and press to give the war an ideological meaning.
At Bataan in the Philippines, U.S. and Filipino forces captured 78,000 Japanese soldiers in the largest surrender in Japanese military history.
false
By the late 1930s, Americans were nearly universally in favor of intervening militarily in Germany to stop the horrors being perpetrated against Jews and others by Adolf Hitler and his followers.
false
Germany suffered far higher casualties among its soldiers on the western front than it did on the Russian front.
false
President Roosevelt's Executive Order 9066 ordered the internment of all Japanese-Americans who refused to sign an oath of loyalty to the United States.
false
Senator Gerald P. Nye's 1934-1935 hearings demonstrated that bankers had suffered terrible economic setbacks during World War I.
false
The America First Committee sought to ensure that America would be one of the first nations to enter the conflict against Adolf Hitler.
false
The American Indians who were famously called "code talkers" during World War II were from the Cherokee tribe.
false
The Roosevelt administration paid little attention to foreign affairs before the attack on Pearl Harbor.
false
The successor to the United Nations was the League of Nations.
false
War mobilization lifted the industrial Northeast out of the Depression, but left the economies of the South and the West virtually untouched.
false
The so-called fifth freedom was
free enterprise.
Which was not one of the Four Freedoms, President Roosevelt's shorthand for American purposes in World War II?
freedom of liberty
A key source of American reluctance to confront the rise of Nazism and fascism in Europe during the 1930s was
haunting memories of World War I. widespread indifference to the persecution of European Jews. the ethnic allegiances of many Americans of Italian, German, or Irish descent. all of the above.
With the spread of this on college campuses, tens of thousands of students took part in a "strike for peace" in 1935.
pacifism
With the spread of what on college campuses, tens of thousands of students took part in a "strike for peace" in 1935?
pacifism
Millions of Americans moved out of urban ethnic neighborhoods and isolated rural enclaves into the army and industrial plants where they came into contact with people from various backgrounds, creating a melting pot that historians call:
patriotic assimilation
Millions of Americans moved out of urban ethnic neighborhoods and isolated rural enclaves into the army and industrial plants where they came into contact with people from various backgrounds, creating a melting pot that historians call
patriotic assimilation.
The federal government adopted this Keynesian idea both before and during World War II.
reduction in the amount of federal spending overall to allow small businesses to flourish
Fanny Hill reinterprets the movement of women into the work force by:
referring to the experience of African-American women as pioneers of women working.
A major success for Germany and its allies during World War II was
the "blitzkrieg" campaign.
The desire for both victory at home against segregation and victory overseas against the Germans and the Japanese came to be called this by African-Americans during World War II.
the "double-V"
The desire for both victory at home against segregation, and victory overseas against the Germans and the Japanese, came to be called this by African-Americans during World War II
the "double-V."
The mass extinction of "undesirable" peoples—Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, and, above all, Jews—that Hitler undertook in 1941, and that we now call the Holocaust, he called
the "final solution."
At _________, in 1944 the U.S. Army fought its largest battle ever, leaving more than 70,000 American casualties.
the Battle of the Bulge
Franklin Delano Roosevelt's foreign policy with regard to Latin American countries was called
the Good Neighbor Policy
Franklin Delano Roosevelt's foreign policy with regard to Latin American countries was called
the Good Neighbor Policy.
Which of the following gatherings did not play a major role in the planning of the postwar international order?
the Munich conference
The branch of the federal government created in 1942 to mobilize public opinion, and that sought to make the conflict "a 'people's war' for freedom" was called
the Office of War Information
The branch of the federal government created in 1942 to mobilize public opinion and that sought to make the conflict "a 'people's war' for freedom" was called
the Office of War Information.
The branch of the federal government created in 1942 to mobilize public opinion, and that sought to make the conflict "a 'people's war' for freedom" was called
the Office of War Information.
The congressional legislation that extended an array of benefits, including unemployment pay, educational scholarships, low-cost mortgage loans, pensions, and job training to millions of returning veterans beginning in 1944, was called
the Serviceman's Readjustment Act, or G.I. Bill of Rights.
The congressional legislation that extended an array of benefits, including unemployment pay, educational scholarships, low-cost mortgage loans, pensions, and job training to millions of returning veterans beginning in 1944, was called
the Servicemen's Readjustment Act, or GI Bill of Rights.
Define internment
the act of confining someone during wartime
Executive Order 9066 led to Japanese-American internment during World War II. Define "internment."
the act of confining someone during wartime
The mass extinction of "undesirable" peoples—Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, and, above all, Jews—that Hitler undertook in 1941, and that we now call the Holocaust, he called
the final solution
In the 1944 case of Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that
the internment of people of Japanese descent was not based on race.
In the 1944 case of Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that:
the internment of people of Japanese descent was not based on race.
Define "repudiated."
to cast off or disown; to reject with disapproval
Franklin Delano Roosevelt "repudiated the right to intervene militarily in the internal affairs of Latin American countries," writes Eric Foner. Define "repudiated."
to cast off or disown; to reject with disapproval
As late as December 1944, more American military personnel were deployed in the Pacific theater of war than against Germany.
true
As the war drew to a close, tensions emerged among the Allied powers over Stalin's reluctance to allow self-rule in eastern Europe, and Churchill's reluctance to allow self-rule for Great Britain's colonies.
true
By 1944, the United States produced a plane every five minutes and a ship every day.
true
During Germany's effort to seize Stalingrad beginning in August 1942, 800,000 Germans and 1.2 million Russians died in the fighting.
true
During World War II, membership numbers for the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) grew to approximately one-half million.
true
During World War II, the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) was probably more racially integrated than any labor organization since the Knights of Labor in the 1880s.
true
During World War II, the NAACP and American Jewish Congress cooperated closely in advocating laws to ban discrimination in employment and housing.
true
During World War II, the Red Cross refused to mix blood from blacks and whites in its blood banks.
true
During World War II, the federal government spent twice the amount of money it had spent in all of the previous 150 years of American history.
true
Eighty percent of Japan's oil came from the United States prior to 1941
true
Following America's entry into the war, the federal government assumed vast powers to oversee the national economy.
true
In May 1942, the United States Navy thwarted a Japanese attack against Australia in the Battle of the Coral Sea.
true
Most of the bloodshed that occurred in Europe during World War II took place on the eastern front.
true
Prior wars, such as the Mexican War and World War I, had deeply divided American society, yet World War II came to be remembered as the Good War.
true
The Ford Motor Company employed slave labor provided by the German government.
true
The Road to Serfdom was written by economist Friedrich A. Hayek, who stated "planning leads to dictatorship," alluding to the idea that even the best-intentioned government efforts to direct the economy posed a threat to individual liberty.
true
The United States inflicted severe losses on the Japanese Navy in the Battle of Midway Island.
true
The term "blitzkrieg" means "lightning war."
true
The top-secret program in which American scientists developed an atomic bomb during World War II was called the Manhattan Project.
true
Toward the end of World War II, evidence existed that Japanese officials would accept surrender if Emperor Hirohito could remain on his throne.
true
Unions became firmly established in many sectors of the economy during World War II.
true
War mobilization greatly strengthened the size and stature of the American labor movement.
true
Some 30 million Americans moved during World War II. Half of these people
went into military service.
When World War II ended, most female war workers, especially those in better-paying industrial employment:
were laid off
When World War II ended, most female war workers, especially those in better-paying industrial employment
were laid off.
The limits of wartime tolerance were tested in 1943 Los Angeles with the
zoot suit riots.
What does Henry Luce see as the cure for America in his book The American Century?
a.For America to exert its influence on the world.
How did the Allied campaign in Italy prepare for the ground invasion of France on D-Day?
a.The defeat of Mussolini's regime forced Hitler to redirect valuable German troops to occupy Italy.
Freedom House was an organization that:
a.demanded American intervention in the European war.
During the war, Americans:
a.experienced the rationing of scarce consumer goods such as gasoline.
During World War II, Native Americans:
a.served in the military and worked in war production.
In the United States during World War II:
a.unemployment declined, production soared, and income taxes increased.
What was the "final solution"?
b.Adolf Hitler's plan to mass-exterminate "undesirable" peoples.
The 1943 Texas Caucasian Race-Equal Privileges resolution:
b.allowed Mexicans equal treatment in public accommodations, while still segregating blacks.
In Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court:
b.upheld the legality of Japanese internment.
The National Resources Planning Board:
b.urged the expansion of the welfare state.
The Four Freedoms:
c. were President Roosevelt's statement of the Allied war aims.
On what grounds did the Austrian-born economist Friedrich A. Hayek reject the New Deal state?
c.He was convinced that even the best intentioned government planning efforts would threaten individual liberties.
The "zoot suit" riots of 1943:
d.highlighted the limits of racial tolerance during World War II.