GML Chapter 22

The self-confident woman portrayed as fully capable of doing a man's job on posters and on magazine covers during World War II was called

"Rosie the Riveter."

The self-confident woman, portrayed as fully capable of doing a man's job in posters and on magazine covers during World War II, was called

"Rosie the Riveter."

Until 1941, what percent of Japan's oil supply came from the US?

80%

Which of the following was not an effect of wartime mobilization on American society?

Americans of German descent were herded into internment camps, on the basis that their loyalties could not be trusted.

Where did Hitler annex in 1938?

Austria and the Sudetenland

After breaking Japanese codes, the American navy was forewarned about the timing of this attack and prepared for an ambush. This battle proved to be the turning point of the Pacific naval war.

Battle of Midway

The founder of Italian fascism who sent troops to invade and conquer Ethiopia was:

Benito Mussolini

Which of the following was not a significant difference between the conservative and liberal visions for postwar America?

Conservatives regarded capitalism as essential to America's future; liberals regarded socialism as essential to America's future.

June 6, 1944, the day on which nearly 200,000 American, British, and Canadian soldiers landed in northwestern France, in Normandy, is known as

D-Day

Which of the following was not a feature of American involvement in World War II?

FDR agreed to a wartime alliance with the Soviet Union only after Stalin promised to rid his country of communism after the war.

Who of the following were known as the "Big Three"?

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin

Who of the following were known as the "Big Three?"

Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Joseph Stalin

Which was not one of the Four Freedoms, President Roosevelt's shorthand for American purposes in World War II: freedom of speech, freedom of want, freedom of liberty, or freedom from fear?

Freedom of Liberty

Which was not one of the Four Freedoms, President Roosevelt's shorthand for American purposes in World War II?

Freedom of Liberty

Proper sequence of WWII events

German annexation of Austria; Hitler-Stalin non-aggression pact; Battle of Stalingrad; "Big Three" conference at Yalta

Which of the following series of events is listed in proper sequence?

German annexation of Austria; Hitler-Stalin non-aggression pact; Battle of Stalingrad; "Big Three" conference at Yalta

Who was in the military alliance called the Axis?

Germany, Italy, and Japan

During World War II, the Axis powers were

Germany, Italy, and Japan.

On December 7, 1941, Japanese planes attacked the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor. Where is Pearl Harbor?

Hawaii

Why did Franklin D. Roosevelt announce his candidacy for a third term in 1940?

He argued that the recovery was too fragile and the international situation too dangerous for him to leave his post.

Which was not a goal or action of Adolf Hitler's?

He seized control of the Philippines and Malaysia.

Congress passed this legislation in 1941, which authorized military aid so long as countries promised to return it all after the war. The passing of this act allowed the U.S. to funnel billions of dollars' worth of arms to Britain, China, and later the Soviet Union.

Lend-Lease Act

What province of northern China did Japan invade in 1931?

Manchuria

The American Indians who were famously called "code talkers" during World War II were from the:

Navajo people

The desire for both victory at home against segregation and victory overseas against the Germans and the Japanese came to be called this by African-Americans during World War II.

The "double-V"

According to Eric Foner, which of the following newspapers pointed out the discrepancy between American ideals of Democracy and civil rights reality of racial discrimination in the United States during World War II?

The Crisis

Which of the following gatherings did not play a major role in the planning of the postwar international order?

The Munich conference

Why did Japan surrender?

The U.S. had cut off all trading with them,

Which of the following was not a major thrust of the Four Freedoms promoted by FDR: 1) All people are entitled to express their views, whatever those views may be. 2)Everyone—regardless of race or belief—has a right to freedom of speech, freedom of worship, freedom from want, and freedom from fear. 3) The only thing Americans have to fear is fear itself. 4) A decent standard of living is one of the bedrocks of freedom.

The only thing Americans have to fear is fear itself.

Which of the following was not a major thrust of the Four Freedoms promoted by FDR?

The only thing Americans have to fear is fear itself.

What did the Four Freedoms Show include?

Theatrical presentations, parades, and other events aimed at persuading Americans to purchase war bonds.

During World War II, the Red Cross refused to mix blood from blacks and whites in its blood banks.

True

This area of the country emerged as a focus of military-industrial production during WWII.

West Coast

Which leader demanded that the Atlantic Charter, which would apply to non-European colonies and nations?

Winston Churchill

Which of the following leaders demanded that the Atlantic Charter, which would apply to non-European colonies and nations?

Winston Churchill

What steps led to American participation in World War II?

Winston Churchill asking for US help,

The limits of wartime tolerance were tested in 1943 Los Angeles with the:

Zoot Suit Riots

In 1940, the "cash and carry" plan:

a.​allowed Great Britain to purchase U.S. arms on a restricted basis.

Korematsu vs. U.S. is a case about:

an American citizen's resistance to being interred because of his Japanese ancestors

Which of the following statements best describes Japan's overseas actions in the 1930s?

b.​Japan invaded China in 1931 and 1937 to expand its military and economic power.

How did "Patriotic Assimilation" differ from "Americanization"?

b.​Patriotic assimilation described the American way of life, where people of different backgrounds could live together in freedom and unite as a people.

Organized labor assisted in the war effort by:

b.​agreeing to a no-strike pledge.

The Lend-Lease Act:

b.​authorized military aid to those fighting against Germany and Japan.

The GI Bill of Rights:

b.​included scholarships for education for veterans.

Women working in defense industries during the war:

b.​made up one-third of the West Coast workers in aircraft manufacturing and shipbuilding.

FDR's "Economic Bill of Rights":

b.​would have empowered the federal government to secure education, housing, medical care, and full employment for all Americans.

Under this program, tens of thousands of contract laborers from Mexico crossed into the United States to take up jobs as domestic and agricultural workers during World War II.

bracero program

Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Asian-American experience during World War II?

c.​ Executive Order 9066 fully integrated Asian-Americans into U.S. army units serving overseas.

Men like Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and Father Coughlin were members of the:

c.​America First committee, an isolationist group.

Who did publisher Henry Luce credit with the provision of "the abundant life" in his blueprint for postwar prosperity, The American Century?

c.​Free enterprise.

Under the bracero program:

c.​Mexicans were encouraged to immigrate, but they were denied the right of citizenship.

Why did Executive Order 9066 NOT apply to persons of Japanese descent living in Hawaii?

c.​Since nearly 40 percent of the population was of Japanese descent, the evacuation order would have been impractical.

How did World War II change the role of corporations in American life?

c.​Technological innovation and high productivity in the war effort restored the reputation of corporations from its Depression lows.

What did Henry Luce and Henry Wallace have in common?

c.​They both put forth a new conception of America's role in the world based in part on internationalism and on the idea that the American experience should serve as a model for all other nations.

Why did so many American workers walk out of their jobs between 1943 and 1944?

c.​They charged their employers with the unseemly expansion of corporate profits.

For most women workers, World War II:

c.​allowed them to make temporary gains.

​After the United States entered World War II:

d.​Americans experienced a series of military losses.

How did wartime experiences change Mexican-American life in California?

d.​Employment opportunities in the defense sector prompted Mexican-Americans to find work outside of their neighborhoods.

​In what aspect of American foreign policy did Franklin D. Roosevelt remove himself from Herbert Hoover's precedent?

d.​He formally recognized the Soviet Union in an effort to stimulate trade.

How did World War II affect the West Coast of the United States?

d.​Millions of Americans moved to California for jobs and military service.

What taste of freedom did women enjoy in World War II?

d.​The perks of doing men's jobs.

The status of blacks during World War II:

d.​in northeastern cities was not always improved, despite the promise of better economic opportunity through wartime jobs.

​"Rosie the Riveter":

d.​refers to Norman Rockwell's image of a female industrial laborer.

​"D-Day" refers to the:

e.​Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy.

Which of the following does NOT explain why Americans hoped to avoid involvement in the war in Europe?

e.​It was clear to most people that there was little possibility of an Allied victory.

Which statement about the Japanese-American internment is FALSE?

e.​Once their loyalty was proven, they were free to leave.

The Office of War Information:

e.​used radio, film, and press to give the war an ideological meaning.

The so-called fifth freedom was

free enterprise.

A key source of American reluctance to confront the rise of Nazism and fascism in Europe during the 1930s was

haunting memories of World War I. widespread indifference to the persecution of European Jews. the ethnic allegiances of many Americans of Italian, German, or Irish descent. all of the above.

With the spread of this on college campuses, tens of thousands of students took part in a "strike for peace" in 1935.

pacifism

Millions of Americans moved out of urban ethnic neighborhoods and isolated rural enclaves into the army and industrial plants where they came into contact with people from various backgrounds, creating a melting pot that historians call:

patriotic assimilation

Millions of Americans moved out of urban ethnic neighborhoods and isolated rural enclaves into the army and industrial plants where they came into contact with people from various backgrounds, creating a melting pot that historians call

patriotic assimilation.

The federal government adopted this Keynesian idea both before and during World War II.

reduction in the amount of federal spending overall to allow small businesses to flourish

Fanny Hill reinterprets the movement of women into the work force by:

referring to the experience of African-American women as pioneers of women working.

A major success for Germany and its allies during World War II was

the "blitzkrieg" campaign.

The desire for both victory at home against segregation, and victory overseas against the Germans and the Japanese, came to be called this by African-Americans during World War II

the "double-V."

At _________, in 1944 the U.S. Army fought its largest battle ever, leaving more than 70,000 American casualties.

the Battle of the Bulge

Franklin Delano Roosevelt's foreign policy with regard to Latin American countries was called

the Good Neighbor Policy

The branch of the federal government created in 1942 to mobilize public opinion, and that sought to make the conflict "a 'people's war' for freedom" was called

the Office of War Information

The branch of the federal government created in 1942 to mobilize public opinion and that sought to make the conflict "a 'people's war' for freedom" was called

the Office of War Information.

The congressional legislation that extended an array of benefits, including unemployment pay, educational scholarships, low-cost mortgage loans, pensions, and job training to millions of returning veterans beginning in 1944, was called

the Serviceman's Readjustment Act, or G.I. Bill of Rights.

Define internment

the act of confining someone during wartime

Executive Order 9066 led to Japanese-American internment during World War II. Define "internment."

the act of confining someone during wartime

The mass extinction of "undesirable" peoples—Slavs, Gypsies, homosexuals, and, above all, Jews—that Hitler undertook in 1941, and that we now call the Holocaust, he called

the final solution

In the 1944 case of Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that

the internment of people of Japanese descent was not based on race.

In the 1944 case of Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that:

the internment of people of Japanese descent was not based on race.

Define "repudiated."

to cast off or disown; to reject with disapproval

Franklin Delano Roosevelt "repudiated the right to intervene militarily in the internal affairs of Latin American countries," writes Eric Foner. Define "repudiated."

to cast off or disown; to reject with disapproval

Some 30 million Americans moved during World War II. Half of these people

went into military service.

When World War II ended, most female war workers, especially those in better-paying industrial employment:

were laid off

When World War II ended, most female war workers, especially those in better-paying industrial employment

were laid off.

The limits of wartime tolerance were tested in 1943 Los Angeles with the

zoot suit riots.

What does Henry Luce see as the cure for America in his book The American Century?

​a.​For America to exert its influence on the world.

How did the Allied campaign in Italy prepare for the ground invasion of France on D-Day?

​a.​The defeat of Mussolini's regime forced Hitler to redirect valuable German troops to occupy Italy.

Freedom House was an organization that:

​a.​demanded American intervention in the European war.

During the war, Americans:

​a.​experienced the rationing of scarce consumer goods such as gasoline.

During World War II, Native Americans:

​a.​served in the military and worked in war production.

In the United States during World War II:

​a.​unemployment declined, production soared, and income taxes increased.

What was the "final solution"?

​b.​Adolf Hitler's plan to mass-exterminate "undesirable" peoples.

The 1943 Texas Caucasian Race-Equal Privileges resolution:

​b.​allowed Mexicans equal treatment in public accommodations, while still segregating blacks.

​In Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court:

​b.​upheld the legality of Japanese internment.

The National Resources Planning Board:

​b.​urged the expansion of the welfare state.

The Four Freedoms:

​c.​ were President Roosevelt's statement of the Allied war aims.

On what grounds did the Austrian-born economist Friedrich A. Hayek reject the New Deal state?

​c.​He was convinced that even the best intentioned government planning efforts would threaten individual liberties.

The "zoot suit" riots of 1943:

​d.​highlighted the limits of racial tolerance during World War II.