GNSCI 318 - Nutrition, Exercise & Behavior

List two characteristics of anorexia nervosa

1. Intense fear of becoming fat. 2. Significant weight loss

List two characteristics of bulimia nervosa

1. binge eating 2. inappropriate compensatory behaviors

List two of the limitations associated with using height-weight tables for assessing whether or not someone is overweight or obese.

1. data doesn't represent population as a whole based on insurance policies 2. presumption that weight = fat 3. a lean person may weight more but have low fat

Provide two examples of the limitations of using BMI to determine overweight/obesity

1. doesn't adequately account for weight/health risks athletes or high bone density 2. less accurate for people under 5'

List two characteristics of binge eating disorders

1. feeling out of control when eating 2. consumption of large amounts of food

The BMI that denotes obesity in adults is?

30 kg/m2

This is the time period that is typically used/suggested as the time frame to define a binge eating period. A. 30 minutes B. 1 hour C. 2 hours D. 4 hours

A. 30 minutes

___ is a heart rate slowed to 50 or fewer beats per minute (bpm) during the daytime and 46 bpm at night. A. Bradycardia B. Cardiac Myopathy C. Hyponatremia D. Hypokalemia

A. Bradycardia

This type of cholesterol is sometimes called "bad cholesterol. A. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol B. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol C. Both LDL and HDL are called "bad" cholesterol

A. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol

This is a powerful appetite stimulant produced in the hypothalamus. A. Neuropeptide Y (NPY) B. Peptide YY (PYY) C. Leukopenia D. All of the above

A. Neuropeptide (NPY)

This type of fat is stored directly under the skin, which is measured with skinfolds. A. Subcutaneous fat B. Internal abdominal visceral fat C. Essential fat None of the above

A. Subcutaneous fat

People with ______________ experience significant weight loss, intense fear of becoming fat, and distorted body image. A. anorexia nervosa B. bulimia nervosa C. Binge Eating disorder D. All of the above

A. anorexia nervosa

18. The prevalence of eating disorders has _________ over the past three decades. A. increased B. decreased C. stabilized D. stabilized for women but increased for men

A. increased

The prevalence of pica in the population is unknown but is believed to be ____________.

A. increasing

________ is the absence of menstruation for at least three consecutive cycles.

Amenorrhea

A BMI for an adult that is below _________ is used to classify someone as underweight. A. 15 B. 18.5 C. 25 D. 30

B. 18.5

The prevalence of anorexia is between __% and ___% of the general U.S. population. A. 1% and 3% B. 2% and 4% C. 5% and 7% D. 6% and 8%

B. 2% and 4%

20. expert committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics defines overweight in children and adolescents as BMI at or above the _______ percentile. A. 75th percentile B. 85th percentile C. 90th percentile D. 95th percentile.

B. 85th percentile.

This method of determining fat-free mass uses a weak electrical current that passes through body tissue but is impeded by tissues that contain little water (such as fat). A. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry B. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) C. BMI D. All of the above

B. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)

________________ is characterized by repeated episodes of binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors adopted to prevent weight gain. A. Anorexia nervosa B. Bulimia nervosa C. Pica D. All of the above

B. Bulimia nervosa

This type of measure is used to estimate FFM, fat mass, and fat distribution: A. BMI. B. Circumference measures. C. Both BMI and circumference measures estimate fat distribution. D. Neither BMI nor circumference measures estimate fat distribution.

B. Circumference measures.

Not a component of the female athlete triad is: A. eating disorders B. dehydration C. osteoporosis D. amenorrhea

B. Dehydration

High ______levels are associated with a reduced risk of heart disease. A. LDL cholesterol B. HDL cholesterol C. Triglycerides D. All of the above.

B. HDL cholesterol

This method of assessing body composition involves electromagnetic radiation, which causes cell nuclei to spin and absorb energy. When nuclei realign, released energy creates an image. Examination of cross-sectional areas permits regional determination of fat, muscle, bone and calculation of body composition. A. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry B. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMR; MRI) C. Computed tomography D. All of the above

B. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Imaging (NMR; MRI)

_ is the consumption of large quantities of food over a limited period of time. This is typically followed by feelings of guilt, remorse, and self-loathing

Binge-eating

The median age of onset of anorexia nervosa is ________. A. 14 B. 16 C. 17 D. 20

C. 17

A BMI for an adult of ______ or greater indicates overweight. A. 15 B. 18.5 C. 25 D. 30

C. 25

New obesity guidelines recommend weight loss for anyone with a BMI of ___ or greater. A. 18.5 B. 20 C. 25 D. 30

C. 25

Individuals with ___________ consume large amounts of food in short periods of time; feel out of control when eating; and experience guilt, shame and depression after eating. A. anorexia nervosa B. bulimia nervosa C. Binge eating disorder D. All of the above

C. Binge eating disorder

This part of the brain regulates both sleep and appetite and is suspected to be involved in Night Eating Syndrome. A. Amygdala B. Hippocampus C. Hypothalamus D. All of the above

C. Hypothalamus

This disorder is a relatively common syndrome characterized by excessive concern with one's muscularity. Sometimes this condition is referred to as "reverse anorexia." A. Gourmand Syndrome B. Binge Eating Disorder C. Muscle Dysmorphia D. Pica

C. Muscle Dysmorphia

_________ is a condition in which bone mineral density is reduced by 1-2.5 standard deviations below average bone density for a healthy adult.

C. Osteopenia

This type of measure indicates the amount of fat stored subcutaneously: A. Waist circumference measure B. BMI C. Skinfold measure D. Height-to-weight ratio

C. Skinfold measure

____________ make up over 90% of the dietary fats that we consume and store in our fat cells. A. High-density lipoprotein B. Low-density lipoprotein C. Triglycerides D. Subcutaneous fat

C. Triglycerides

This disease is characterized by high blood glucose levels, high circulating insulin levels, and insulin resistance. A. Hypertension B. Cardiovascular disease C. Type 2 diabetes D. All of the above

C. Type 2 diabetes

What lipoprotein is responsible for transporting cholesterol back to the liver from the periphery? A. chylomicron B. low-density lipoprotein C. high-density lipoprotein D. very-low-density lipoprotein

C. high-density lipoprotein

Anthropometrics is _______________. A. the study of weight management. B. a sturdy wall mounted or free-standing device used to measure stature. C. measures of body size and proportion (height, weight, circumference, and skinfolds). D. cellular resistance to the uptake of glucose in presence of insulin.

C. measures of body size and proportion (height, weight, circumference, and skinfolds).

List two techniques for accurate assessment of body composition:

CT Bod Pod MRI DEXA

An expert committee of the American Academy of Pediatrics defines obesity in children and adolescents as BMI at or above the _________ percentile. A. 75th percentile B. 85th percentile C. 90th percentile D. 95th percentile.

D. 95th percentile.

Comorbidities are A. diseases that exist in clusters and contribute to overall morbidity. B. illnesses. C. linked to being obese. D. All of the above.

D. All of the above

This racial/ethnic group has the highest rates of diabetes: A. Non-Hispanic whites B. Non-Hispanic blacks C. Asians D. American Indians/ Pacific Islanders

D. American Indians/ Pacific Islanders

Which of the following is an advantage of using the fatfold measurement over the BMI? A. it is easier to perform B. it is better at predicting the risk of disease C. it is less expensive to perform D. it can help determine if excess weight is due to muscle mass or fat

D. it can help determine if excess weight is due to muscle mass or fat

According to the NHANES data, white women generally have higher rates of obesity than racial-ethnic minority women.

False

The DSM-5 provides specific criteria for determining whether or not an individual is significantly underweight.

False

BMI provides information on weight distribution.

False.

In the United States, Non-Hispanic whites have higher rates of diabetes than Asians, Hispanics, and Non-Hispanic blacks.

False.

Morbidity and mortality are two terms that have the same meaning.

False. Morbidity means illness. Mortality means death

_ include excessive exercise or abuse of laxatives, diuretics, and/or other drugs to compensate for caloric intake from eating.

Inappropriate compensatory behaviors

_ is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities and is associated with an increased risk of disease (e.g. hypertension, abnormal blood lipids, elevated fasting glucose, and central obesity)

Metabolic Syndrome

_ occurs when caloric intake is severely reduced either all of the time or sporadically. Fasting is common.

Restrained eating

A Glamour magazine survey of 16,000 women found that almost half of the sample (40%) were unhappy with their bodies.

True

A waist to height ratio of 0.5 or higher is predictive of cardiovascular and metabolic abnormalities.

True

About one in five people with anorexia die from suicide.

True

According to the results of the 2011 Youth Risk Behavior Survey of American high school students, almost half (46%) were trying to lose weight.

True

Among adults, women are more likely than men to be diagnosed with Pica.

True

As many as half of the people in weight control programs have a binge eating disorder.

True

Bulimia nervosa is seen in about 1-3% of the U.S. population and is seen at about the same rates in all high-income nations.

True

Cardiovascular complications are the leading cause of death among those with eating disorders.

True

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States.

True

Eating disorders are seen in men, minorities, and people of all ages; however, they are most prevalent in young white females.

True

Even in children, hypertension and abnormal blood lipids are seen in about 60% of obese 5-10 year olds.

True

Excess weight results from far more than just gluttony and poor choices.

True

In the United States, skinfold measures are usually taken on the right side of the body because most equations available for converting skinfolds to percent body fat were developed using the right side of the body.

True

Individuals diagnosed with bulimia nervosa tend to be older than those diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.

True

Individuals with bulimia do not always lose significant amounts of weight.

True

Metabolic syndrome can be reversed with weight loss.

True

Obese adults are six times more likely to develop high blood pressure than lean adults.

True

Opioids may play a role in the development of bulimia in some people because purging stimulates the release of opioids (similar to a runner's high).

True

Psychologists have identified several personality traits that are shared by people who develop eating disorders.

True

Researchers are calling type 2 diabetes mellitus "one of the major threats to human health in the 21st century."

True

Symptoms of bulimia are often very subtle.

True

The mortality rate for bulimia nervosa is low.

True

The rate of Americans with diabetes mellitus has almost doubled in the past decade.

True

Type 2 diabetes affects men and women about equally.

True

Unlike anorexia and bulimia, binge eating disorder is common in all racial and ethnic groups.

True

Weight management professionals currently have and use ethnic or racially specific BMI tables.

True

1. This model of prevention (____________________) aims at reducing the number of new cases of a disease or condition, for example, this would mean intervention before children and adults become overweight or obese. a. Primary Prevention b. Secondary Prevention c. Tertiary Prevention

a. Primary Prevention

1. Latest NHANES data show that rates of obesity are _________________. a. continuing to increase for both women and men. b. decreasing for women and still showing small increases for men. c. declining for both women and men. d. declining for men but not women.

a. continuing to increase for both women and men.

List two socio-economic factors that may influence activity levels:

a. lack of recreational centers b. cheaper parks and safe children walking spaces c. health clubs, gyms, and sports unaffordable

List two examples of primary prevention interventions for the prevention of obesity.

a. limited tv b. sidewalks and lakeways

1. Name two physical/ environmental factors that impact healthy food choices:

a. supersized portions norm b. increase in number of fast food restaurants

The most common eating disorders are:

anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder

1. Data on global prevalence of childhood obesity shows that in many developed and industrialized nations it is ____________________. a. Increasing b. Decreasing c. Leveling off d. There are no clear trends

b. Decreasing

1. This is used as a measure of the energy value of food or physical activity. a. Body Mass Index (BMI) b. Kilocalorie c. Energy Metric d. All of the above

b. Kilocalorie

1. According to the NHANES data, this racial-ethnic group of women showed the greatest prevalence of obesity among U.S. adults in 2011-2012: a. Non-Hispanic White Women b. Non-Hispanic Black Women c. Non-Hispanic Asian Women d. Hispanic Women

b. Non-Hispanic Black Women

1. The Body Mass Index is determined by a. dividing the weight in kilograms by the height in meters squared. b. using a height-weight table to find healthy weight for a given gender and height. c. multiplying weight in pounds by height in inches and dividing by age. d. using any of a number of methods to estimate percent fat

b. using a height-weight table to find healthy weight for a given gender and height.

1. The average American gets approximately ________ more calories every day than in 1980. a. 500 b. 100 c. 200 d. 1,000

c. 200

1. According to the NHANES data, this racial-ethnic group of women had the lowest rates of obesity among U.S. adults in 2011-2012: a. Non-Hispanic White Women b. Non-Hispanic Black Women c. Non-Hispanic Asian Women d. Hispanic Women

c. Non-Hispanic Asian Women

1. This is a framework for recognizing the relationship between the individual, social, environmental, and broader societal factors that influence health:_________________. a. Psychological well- being framework b. World Health Organization framework c. Social-ecological framework d. Public health framework

c. Social-ecological framework

1. Television is one factor that influences inactivity. How many televisions are in the typical American home? a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four or More

c. Three

Pica is most common in _____________.

childhood

1. According to the NHANES data, this racial-ethnic group of men had the highest prevalence of obesity among U.S. adults in 2011-2012: a. Non-Hispanic White Men b. Non-Hispanic Black Men c. Non-Hispanic Asian Men d. Hispanic Men

d. Hispanic Men

This is an area, often in low-income communities and neighborhoods where there is limited access to healthy foods (fresh fruits and vegetables, whole grains, low fat milk, lean meats and fresh fish):

food desert

This eating disorder is characterized by intense craving for and consumption of non-foods

pica

List one of the usual sources of error in the skinfold method for assessing body fat:

poor technique caliper improperly placed/read

33. List one of the three broad purposes of weight management assessment:

provide baseline about body composition, health status, dietary practices, and activity habits. 2. to devise realistic goals for change. 3. to document change resulting from behavior/treatment

List one physical environmental factor that may influence activity level

rural communities lack of recreational centers

Weight management professionals should adopt neutral terminology.

true

List two comorbidities associated with higher BMIs.

type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, sleep apnea, pregnancy complications, polycystic ovary syndrome, gastroesophageal reflux disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver

An example of a compensatory behavior is

vomiting