gov final
26. Which branch of government does Article I explain? executive legislative judicial state
b
27. Who is considered the Father of the Constitution? George Washington James Madison Thomas Jefferson Benjamin Franklin
b
31. "The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution are reserved to the States..." This is an example of Separation of Powers Federalism Independent Judiciary Popular Sovereignty
b
4. The first words of the Constitution indicate that power and authority in our system of government come from the states. people. voters. lawmakers.
b
11. The authors of the Federalist Papers—James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay—wrote under the penname of __________. Brutus Cato Publius Cicero
c
19. How did the 13 new state constitutions limit democracy? They only gave the vote to white male property owners and taxpayers. None of the state constitutions made slavery illegal. All southern states denied slave equal rights as human beings. all of the above
d
7. Which of the following BEST describes the role of witnesses in a trial? They provide key information to the jury. They help the courtroom proceedings function smoothly. They listen to the evidence in a trial and try to reach a verdict. They present physical evidence such as documents and objects.
a
7. Which of these issues at the Constitutional Convention was resolved by what is known as the Great Compromise? the representation of the states in Congress the eventual abolition of slavery in the South the power of Congress to regulate foreign trade the method for choosing the president of the United States
a
8. Which of these is the best example of constitutional checks and balances? Treaties require Senate approval. The Constitution may be amended. The president is paid for his services. Courts decide conflicts between states.
a
9. Which of these established the present system of federal district and circuit courts? Judiciary Act of 1789 Senate Judiciary Committee Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Article III of the Constitution
a
1. Criminal law is the branch of law that is concerned with which of the following? conduct of individuals conflicts between private parties confirming candidates for judgeship deciding on the amount of damages that should be paid
a
1. Which of these terms refers to the principle that people accused of a crime must be granted certain legal rights? due process habeas corpus judicial review eminent domain
a
10. The process of amending the Constitution involves both the Congress and the states. the president and the Congress. the states and the Supreme Court. the Supreme Court and the president.
a
11. Where did colonial thinkers get their ideas about representative democracy? Roman Republic ancient Athens Christian doctrine ancient Judaism
a
14. According to the First Amendment, how may Congress address the issue of religion? Congress cannot declare any official religion and must let citizens practice their religions freely. Congress must allow citizens to practice their religion if they pay a free-exercise fee. Congress can establish an official religion and compel citizens to attend religious services. Congress must allow religious freedom, but only among followers of Christianity.
a
16. Why did the colonists become hostile toward Great Britain? Great Britain suddenly began imposing its authority over the colonies. The British Parliament refused to allow colonists to pay their fair share of taxes. Britain began filling the colonial legislatures with officials appointed by the king. British lawmakers made it illegal for merchants to ship tea to the colonies.
a
21. To which branch of gov't did the framers give the greatest number of specific powers? Legislative Branch Executive Branch Judicial Branch Bureaucracy
a
22. How did the Three-Fifths Compromise contradict the founding ideal of equality? Each slave counted as three-fifths of a person for purposes of representation and taxation. A woman's vote counted as only three-fifths of a man's vote. Free states had three representatives for every five representatives that slave states had. The states could only give the vote to 60% of adult male property owners.
a
24. What case best exemplifies the principle of judicial review? Marbury V Madison McCulloch V Maryland United States V Nixon
a
25. How did the Federalists try to build support for the Constitution? by publishing a series of essays explaining the strengths of the Constitution by holding a series of pro-Constitution rallies across the new nation by censoring the press to support Anti-Federalist publicity all of the above
a
3. What is an order by the Supreme Court directing a lower court to send it the records of a case called? a writ of certiorari a writ of habeas corpus a writ of mandamus a writ of stare decisis
a
30. Which court case established judicial review? Marbury vs. Madison Goss vs Lopez U.S vs Nixon McCulloch vs Maryland
a
33. The most common method of proposing amendments to the Constitution is a 2/3 vote of both chambers of Congress. for the president to introduce them in the State of the Union Address. when citizens hold petition drives. as a result of a Supreme Court decision.
a
36. The _________________ refers to the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution. The Bill of Rights The Preamble Article 1 Article 7
a
4. Which of these historic documents first established the principle of the rule of law? Magna Carta Mayflower Compact English Bill of Rights Second Treatise on Government
a
41. In the Electoral College representation for each state stated........ Each state would have as many electors as the number of senators and representatives it had in Congress. Each state would have as many electors as that state had in the House of Represenatative Each state would have as many electors as that state had in the Senate Each state would have one elector
a
43. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? Thomas Jefferson John Locke Thomas Paine Thomas Hobbes
a
47. Which of the following is NOT a reason why the Anti-Federalists opposed the new Constitution? They believed that industry, not agriculture was the key to America's economic success. They objected that the Constitution did not include a bill of rights. They believed the states, not the national government, could better represent the people. They feared the national government would be too powerful.
a
5. What is the job of an appellate court when it takes a case on appeal? to look for errors of law to conduct a new jury trial to weigh all the trial evidence to determine the proper verdict
a
5. Which complaint was the greatest barrier to ratifying the Constitution? It did not include a bill of rights. It had to be approved by all 13 states. It allowed too many people to vote. It created a weak central government.
a
7. The Supremacy Clause of the Constitution indicates how to resolve conflicts between state and federal laws. both chambers of Congress. strict and loose constructionists. majority rule and minority rights.
a
10. Thomas Paine, author of Common Sense, was influenced by Rousseau's argument that a government should be dissolved if it was too weak to be effective. acted contrary to the general will. depended on inherited leadership. could not keep the economy stable
b
10. Which of the following BEST completes this sentence? Appeals courts have the authority to hear a case for the first time. review decisions made in lower courts. appoint judges to local, state, and federal courts. make a final decision about the constitutionality of a law.
b
12. Which of the following is an example of how the type of case may limit the jurisdiction of a state court? An appeals court hears a case already tried in a trial court. A case involving a young offender is tried in a juvenile court. A state's supreme court reviews the decision of an appellate court. A case involving a crime committed in a certain county is tried in that county
b
13. What enables the American people to give their consent to the government? Declaration of Independence Representation Separation of Powers Rule of law
b
14. Montesquieu believed in a principle that contributed to our three-branch system of government. What was that principle? rule of law separation of powers popular sovereignty individual rights
b
14. Which term refers to the person who files a lawsuit in a civil case? bailiff plaintiff defendant friend of the court
b
15. How were the colonies governed at the local level? British officials appointed by the king governed each colony at the local level. Colonists developed legislative bodies to govern themselves locally. The colonists sent representatives to the British Parliament. Colonists had no effective local government.
b
15. The power of the president to reject a bill and send it back to Congress federalism veto power civil rights impeachment
b
19. powers that are specifically listed in the Constitution elastic clause enumerated powers implied powers rule of law supremacy clause
b
2. The Preamble to the Constitution lists which of the following? steps for amending the Constitution purpose to be served by the Constitution procedures for ratifying the Constitution guidelines for interpreting the Constitution
b
21. Why did smaller states object to the Virginia plan? The Virginia Plan created a unicameral legislature, which many feared would be too powerful. The Virginia plan gave more representatives, and therefore more influence, to larger states. The Virginia plan allowed equal representation in only one house of the bicameral legislature. The Virginia Plan only revised the Articles of Confederation, instead of replacing them.
b
25. This case asserted a broad expansion of the powers of Congress and the supremacy of federal law Marbury V Madison McCulloch V Maryland United States v Nixon
b
34. Which core principle best describes how the U.S. Constitution limits the central government by giving power to the legislative, executive, and judicial branches. Poplular Sovereignty Separation of Powers Federalism Judicial Review
b
45. freedoms that all people have by virtue of being human; God-given freedoms limited government natural rights popular sovereignty representative government rule of law separation of powers
b
48. Which work publicized the concept of "natural rights," later found in the Declaration of Independence? Magna Carta the English Bill of Rights the Mayflower Compact John Locke's Two Treatises of Government
b
49. The passage below comes from the Declaration of Independence "He has kept among us, in times of peace, Standing Armies without Consent of our Legislatures..." Which section of the Declaration contained this passage? the list of colonial grievances its justification of the conduct of the colonists its theory of government based on a social contract its announcement of American Independence from Britain
b
5. Which of these is the defining characteristic of a federal system of government? Elected representatives make decisions for the nation. Power is divided between central and regional bodies. Separate branches have different areas of responsibility. Legislative actions are limited by a set of written guidelines.
b
50. Which statement best describes the role of government according to the Declaration of Independence? "The main purpose of government is to expand and glorify the state" "The main purpose of government is to protect the unalienable rights of individuals" "The main purpose of government is to protect the rights and privileges of His Majesty, the King" The main purpose of government is to promote the general welfare of the community by taking steps toward social equality"
b
6. Consider the quotations below. "Life, liberty, and property . . ." —John Locke "Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness . . ." —Declaration of Independence Both quotations list what our nation's founders believed to be civil virtues. natural rights. the general will. the rights of Englishmen.
b
6. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the roles of players in a courtroom? The judge usually decides the outcome of a trial. The defendant is the person being sued in a civil trial. The prosecution represents the defendant in a criminal trial. The plaintiff must be financially prepared to pay damages if found liable by the jury.
b
8. The Articles of Confederation reflected Americans' fear of a permanent standing army. a strong central government. a threatened foreign invasion. a breakdown in law and order.
b
1. Which of the following best defines the principle of popular sovereignty? The powers of a government are limited by the people. Government is based on laws that apply to all the people. The ultimate source of governmental authority is the people. Elected leaders work through government to serve the people.
c
11. What is meant by the term burden of proof? the need to examine the reliability of witnesses the challenge of finding a fair and impartial jury the duty to prove alleged facts in a case with solid evidence the obligation to consider a person innocent until proven guilty
c
12. The Declaration and the Constitution were written in what city? New York Anapolis Philadelphia Washington, D.C.
c
13. On which point did Hobbes and Locke agree about the social contract? If the government failed to protect the people's rights, they had the right to overthrow it. The people needed a powerful, absolute ruler to protect them from themselves. It was in the people's self-interest to exchange some of their freedom for government protection. all of the above
c
13. Which of the following is most likely to write an amicus curiae brief? an appellate judge a defense attorney an interest group a special prosecutor
c
18. Why did some people want George Washington to be king? Some regretted severing ties with Britain and its monarchy. Some feared that a nation built on democracy could not endure. Some believed Congress was incapable of governing the new nation. all of the above
c
20. What is one achievement of the government under the Articles of Confederation? It funded the Continental Army without incurring debt. It revised the US Constitution. It enacted the Northwest Ordinance of 1787. all of the above
c
20. Which case best exemplifies the principle of rule of law Marbury V Madison McCulloch V Maryland US v Nixon
c
23. What did the Federalists favor? a loose association of states with a weak national government a government organized under the Articles of Confederation a strong national government that shared power with the states a bill of rights to protect the people against tyranny
c
26. What assurance did Massachusetts need before it would ratify the Constitution? that George Washington would be elected the first president that Massachusetts would have more senators than New York that a bill of rights would be added after ratification that the president would appoint the first representatives in Congress
c
27. According to the Three-Fifths Compromise, included in Article I, three fifths of which group counted toward a state's population? free people Native Americans "all other Persons," or slaves "those bound to Service for a Term or Years," or indentured servants
c
28. Why did Madison initially oppose a bill of rights? He thought that a bill of rights would give too much power to the people. He felt that society, not the government, should protect the people's rights He believed that people's rights were already protected by the Constitution. He feared that some states would leave the union if a bill of rights were approved.
c
3. Who is known as the Father of the Constitution and as the principal author of the Bill of Rights? Benjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson James Madison George Washington
c
3. Why did the framers of the Constitution create three separate branches of government? to help people with different opinions cooperate to increase the power of the central government to keep any one group from gaining too much power to provide enough officials to handle the volume of work
c
30. When was the Bill of Rights finally ratified? in 1788, when the Constitution went into effect in 1790, after nine states approved the Bill of Rights in 1791, after Virginia ratified the Bill of Rights in 1939, after Georgia, Massachusetts, and Connecticut voted for ratification
c
31. Who was the presiding officer over the Constitutional Convention? Benjamin Franklin Alexander Hamilton George Washington Patrick Henry
c
33. A form of government in which citizens rule for themselves and not through representatives Parliamentary Democracy Presidential Democracy Direct Democracy Theocracy
c
34. To whom do the signers of the Declaration of Independence pledge their "lives, fortunes, and sacred honor" in the Declaration? The American people George Washington Each other King George III
c
35. Why did the framers of the Constitution create three separate branches of government? to help people with different opinions cooperate to increase the power of the central government to keep any one group from gaining too much power to provide enough officials to handle the volume of work
c
4. In a civil trial, the party bringing the lawsuit must prove that the amount of damages is fair. media have not influenced the jury. there is a preponderance of evidence. a person is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt.
c
42. Who was the English Enlightenment Thinker who had the political idea of a "social contract" that people entered into to? Thomas Jefferson George Washington Thomas Hobbes Jean-Jacques Rousseau
c
46. the principle that the people are the ultimate source of the authority and legitimacy of a government limited government natural rights popular sovereignty representative government rule of law separation of powers
c
39. What were some of the main problems with the Articles of Confederation? Congress could not levy taxes No funding for a national army Too much power to the states and not a strong enough national government All of the above
d
6. Over time, constitutional amendments have extended which right to the groups listed below? - African Americans - Women - Residents of the District of Columbia - 18-year-olds right to an education right to serve on a jury right to vote in elections right to federal employment
c
8. How does someone become a judge in the federal court system? by a popular election by a retention election by presidential appointment by passing a civil service test
c
9. Which political philosopher favored separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches? Thomas Hobbes John Locke Baron de Montesquieu Jean-Jacques Rousseau
c
12. What did the Magna Carta do? defined the rights and duties of English nobles set limits on the monarch's power established the principle of the rule of law all of the above
d
15. If someone becomes a judge through merit selection, it means that the state legislature or the governor appointed the judge. citizens elected the judge, and the governor confirmed their decision. the judge went through a series of hearings held by a committee of citizens. the governor appointed the judge after reviewing a list of judges that a committee created.
d
16. Powers kept by the states under the U.S. Constitution veto power concurrent powers constititionalism federalism
d
17. The right of accused persons to be brought before a judge to hear the charges against them judicial review delegated powers civil case habeas corpus
d
17. Which principles did Jefferson include in the Declaration of Independence? Government must protect citizens' rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Governments derive their power from the consent of the people. If a government does not protect people's rights, the people may overthrow the government. all of the above
d
2. The idea of representative government first developed in ancient Egypt. Greece. Israel. Rome.
d
2. Which of these does a prosecuting attorney represent? the injured party in a lawsuit the officials in the courtroom the person accused of a crime the government and the people
d
22. "The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second Year [every two years] by the People of the several [all] States," is an example of Individual Rights Federalism Independent Judiciary Popular Sovereignty
d
23. When the President nominates an individual to serve as Secretary of State, the Senate must confirm the appointment. Which constitutional principal does this illustrate? limited goverment popular sovereignty separation of powers checks and balances
d
24. Why did the Anti-Federalists oppose the Constitution? They believed the states, not the national government, could better represent the people. They feared the national government would be too powerful. They objected that the Constitution did not include a bill of rights. all of the above
d
28. Which governing body has the power to impeach officials? Senate President Supreme Court House of Representatives
d
29. The following excerpt from the Constitution represents at least one of the six guiding principles of limited government. Choose the principle that is BEST exemplified in the quote. "Judges shall receive for their Services a Compensation [salary], which shall not be diminished [reduced] during their Continuance in Office" is an example of Separation of Powers Federalism Popular Sovereignty Independent Judiciary
d
29. Why did it take so long for the Congress to approve a bill of rights? Some members of Congress wanted to address other matters they believed were more urgent. Many lawmakers disagreed with Madison's proposals, and debate continued for months. Some legislators wanted to wait until flaws in the government emerged more clearly. all of the above
d
32. By definition, a federal system divides power between the major political parties. the branches of government the monarch and the citizens. the national government and the regional governments.
d
32. John Locke, Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau all contributed to this philosophy which says that the power of government to rule comes from the people. constitutionalism separation of powers rule of law social contract theory
d
35. There are two phrases on the Great Seal- one is Latin that when translated means 'Out of Many One' and the other is ) Novus Ordo Seclorum which means what? New Society under Order Order, Liberty or Tyrrany In God We Trust A New Order for the world
d
37. What was the document that outlined the first formal government in the United States. The Constitution The Bill of Rights The Declaration of Independence The Articles of Confderation
d
38. Nine out of 13 states were required to ratify the constitution. What does the word ratify mean? Deny Revoke Veto Approve
d
40. Roger Sherman's compromise between the Virginia and New Jersey Plans was.... a unicameral legislative body with representation based on population a bicameral legsilative body with equal representation a unicameral legislative body with equal representation a bicameral legislative body with one house's representation based on population, and the other would have equal representation
d
9. How did the decision in Marbury v. Madison (1803) strengthen the power of the Supreme Court? It denied state courts the authority to override federal precedent. It asserted that the Court could order the president to carry out a law. It intervened in a conflict between the other two branches of government. It established the Court's right to declare an act of Congress unconstitutional.
d
18. principle that federal law supersedes all state and local laws rule of law separation of powers enumerated powers implied powers supremacy clause elastic clause
e
44. the principle that government is based on clear and fairly enforced laws and that no one is above the law individual rights limited government popular sovereignty representative government rule of law separation of powers
e
