Gov. Midterm

public opinion

an empirical enterprise with an important normative component

interest groups

are less visible links to the political system than the media and political parties

In the United States, political parties are organized

at the national, state, and local levels

the key to conducting a good poll is to make sure

everyone in the group you are polling has an equal chance of being selected for the poll

Political theorist Robert Dahl contends that a properly functioning democracy requires that

people understand the political debate by having access to good information

which of the following would not be represented by a trade association

pipefitters

the constitutional convention deadlocked for months over the question of how to accommodate the interests of

small states

When a presidential candidate is faced with news coverage that is not to his liking, he will attempt to characterize things in a favorable manner in the hope that reporters will accept his version of events. This is called

spin

According to the philosopher John Locke, government should be

strong enough to protect natural rights but not strong enough to threaten liberty

One of the benefits of immigration is that

new immigrants bring cultural variety

Traditionally, media "gatekeepers" are

newspaper editors

The period of "Yellow journalism" was followed by an era of reporting that featured

objectivity

The period 1968-2017 may best be described as an era

of ticket splitting that led to divided government

Former members of COngress often become lobbyists because they

offer east access to official Washington

The first political parties arose around two congressional factions which, favored, respectively,

Alexander Hamilton's support for a strong central government and Thomas Jefferson's position favoring states' rights

The American electoral system features

Winner-take-all elections

Which president used radio to achieve a level of familiarity with voters that was unprecedented in its day?

Franklin D. Roosevelt

which of the following is a single-issue party

Green Party

Which of the following individuals, though relatively young and unimposing, was arguably the most influential member of the Constitutional Convention because of his ability to fashion compromises between advocates of opposing viewpoints?

James Madison

"yellow journalism" is associated with

Joseph Pulitzer's sensational coverage of the Spanish-War

What is the relationship between interest groups and PACs?

Many PACs are the money-giving arm of interest groups

The time between when a candidate does something and when it end up in the news,or the ______, is so short as to be in some cases instantaneous (for example, you can turn CNN on anytime)

News cycle

If you think of ideological positions on a line that goes from left to right, which of the following would be farthest to the left?

Socialism

Which president was one of the first to use image and message control methods that would become commonplace a generation later with the advent of electronic media

Teddy Roosevelt

the Connecticut Compromise provided for

a bicameral national legislature with representation determined by population in the House of Representation

In its broadest sense, liberalism advocates

a limited role for government in refereeing matters involving personal values

Cynicism is

a pervasive feeling of mistrust or suspicion

If a presidential candidate gives a speech with the Statue of Liberty in the background, he is presenting the media with

a photo opportunity

information gathered by interest groups is of value to members of Congress because

members are too busy to gather the information themselves

Normally the centrist nature of American Public opinion makes the Major political parties

broad and moderate

One consequence of media deregulation is that

broadcast outlets have less incentive to supply the information people need to make intelligent political choices

Politics as presented on television may work to

build cynicism

most registered interest groups represent

business interests

political attitudes

cannot be right or wrong

one branch of government frustrating the initiatives of the other two is an example of

checks and balances

philosophically, libertarians have the most in common with

classical liberals

Political parties are adept at following public opinion shifts because they are

composed of flexible coalition

American election laws

compound the effects of the electoral system by making it difficult for small parties to get on the ballot

in the years immediately following the American Revolution, disputes over how to shape political institutions in the new nation were fueled by

different opinions on how deeply government should reach into everyday life

the largest number of intrest groups are

economic groups

the framers of the constitutional regarded political parties as

factions

initial attempts at self-government in America resulted in

failure

political attitudes reflect what people

feel about politics

trust in government initially declined from its peak in the early 1960's because of

how the Johnson and Nixon administration handled the Vietnam war

European Settlers who came to America seeking religious or economic freedom were risk-takers who favored a political system which emphasized

individualism

isolated individuals are likely to be

intolerant

Classical liberalism

is philosophically similar to contemporary conservatism because of its emphasis on limited government

one distinctive characteristic of American political culture, noted by French nobleman Alexis de Tocqueville in the 1830's, is the tendency for Americans to

join organizations

Advocates of the Virginia Plan represented

large states interested in establishing a legislature where representation would be based on population

political culture helps to maintain what element of a political system

legitimacy

free media offers a candidate

legitmacy

According to the philosopher Thomas Hobbes, individuals in the state of nature have

liberty but not security

Every major third party or independent presidential candidate of the twentieth century

lost by a large margin

Rule by people based on the free expression of their will to be governed is an example of

popular sovereignty

labor unions

press for social justice in the workplace as well as higher wages and benefits

The distribution of public opinion in the United States supports major party dominance because

public opinion tends to be centrist and the major political parties try to avoid the political extremes

A significant, lasting, long-term shift in the groups that identify with political parties is called

realignment

Putnam argues that social capital can be renewed through

renewed civic engagement

Which of the following is an accurate description of the role schools play in political socialization

schools use symbols and rituals to develop a sense of national identity

Maintaining an independent executive, legislature, and judiciary is an example of

separation of powers

political socialization in one's childhood home

set the stage for continuing socialization later in life

The article of Confederation established a national government that was

subordinate to the states

Ideological parties form because

supporters want the opportunity to publicize their views

the flag plays an important role in political culture as a

symbol

selective beneficiaries are

tangible goods that flow only to dues-paying intrest group members

Congress permitted television access to its proceedings because

television was making the president more powerful with respect to Congress

In the American electoral system, representation goes to

the candidate who wins more votes than any other candidates

although the American colonies were never autonomous, they had a taste of self-rule because

the colonies had representative assemblies with the authority to draft laws

The news media have an important civic responsibility to keep us informed about what government does, but this responsibility can conflict with

the demands of advertisers

a zero-sum policy is one in which

the gains of one side come at the expense of the other side

the primary beneficiaries of the lobbying efforts of public interest groups are

the general public

The term "iron triangle" describes

the mutual self interest experienced buy interest groups, legislature, and bureaucrats

In its broadest sense, conservatism advocates

the power of the marketplace to address economic concerns

purposive benefits are

the sense of satisfaction that comes from being part of a cause you believe in

It is not uncommon for television news stories to be selected based on

their entertainment value

intrest groups are sometimes called pressure groups because

they engage in lobbying

collective goods are

things that everyone is free to enjoy, whether or not they join an interest group

political beliefs reflect what people

think about politics

When comparing the gatekeeping decisions of today with the gatekeeping decisions of a generation ago, you could say that

today's gatekeepers are more likely to trade in rumor and innuendo

people who share a political culture have a common set of

values, attitudes, and beliefs

States with higher concentration of minority groups are likely to

voice different concerns than states with a low concentration of minority groups