Government 2305: Chapter 5 Smartbook

Which of the following are examples of de jure discrimination?

- A state requires separate public bathrooms for black and white people. - Women are not allowed to vote in federal elections.

Which of the following Native American tribes have a majority who speak native languages at home?

- Pueblo - Navajo

Concerning age discrimination in employment, the courts have given employers the right to force individuals to retire based on

-the performance of a particular employee. -the nature of the job.

According to United States government statistics, roughly ______ percent of black children live in poverty, compared to ______ percent of white children.

35; 12

Despite the Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, by the 1970s ______ percent of black children were still attending schools that were mostly or entirely black.

95

The Supreme Court decision in what case led many affirmative action opponents to believe that the Court may have been on its way to abolishing affirmative action completely?

Adarand v. Peña

Which statement best describes the political engagement of most Asian Americans in the 1960s?

Asian Americans were not politically active to any great extent.

Which of the following was the 1954 landmark case that ended segregation in public schools?

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

What was the first result of the national boycott of California lettuce and grapes that was launched by Cesar Chavez?

California passed a law giving migrant workers the right to bargain collectively.

Which of the following minority groups make up the largest Hispanic population in the United States?

Mexicans

Which 2015 Supreme Court decision removed the ban on same-sex marriage, citing it violated the Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection and due process clauses?

Obergefell v. Hodges

What is at the heart of many civil rights struggles for equality in the United States?

People hold deep-seated prejudices based on such things as race, color, and religion.

In which case did the Supreme Court rule that the male only admissions policy at the Virginia Military Institute was unconstitutional?

United States v. Virginia

What Sioux village has been the site of both a U.S. cavalry massacre of Native Americans and a modern protest?

Wounded Knee

What is "America's curse," according to the author of An American Dilemma?

discrimination

In order to ensure equal employment opportunity for all, the federal government in the 1960s began to require agencies and businesses to

establish policies aimed at giving minority-group members equal opportunities to obtain jobs.

In general, the Supreme Court has held that gender discrimination in law

is almost always unconstitutional.

In a 1947 case, the Supreme Court ruled that because they had no law school for black students, the University of Oklahoma was ______ to admit Ada Sipuel to its law school.

required

In 1892, Congress suspended Asian immigration to the United States on the grounds that Asians

were an inferior people.

Which of the following are among redlining's legacies?

- Hispanics and African Americans still have difficulty obtaining mortgages (compared to whites). - Segregated neighborhoods still exist.

What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965 entail?

- It allowed federal intervention in voter registration in states with a history of discriminating against black voters. - It banned discriminatory voter registration practices.

Which of the following are included in the concept of equal rights, or civil rights?

- the right of every person to equal protection under the law - equal access to public facilities - equal access to the opportunities society provides

Which of the following are rights gays and lesbians had to fight for in the U.S.?

- the right to openly enlist in the military - the right to have the same benefits as traditional couples

Which groups have historically lacked equality in the United States?

- women - Asian Americans - Catholics

Which proposed amendment to the Constitution was passed by the Congress in the early 1970s but failed to receive the necessary three-fourths majority?

Equal Rights Amendment

How did Thomas Jefferson define the meaning of "all men are created equal"?

He did not believe there was a precise meaning.

Since the 1950s, how has the federal government responded to demands for equal rights for African Americans?

It passed a series of laws that secured fundamental rights for African Americans.

Which landmark Supreme Court case declared affirmative action constitutional but invalidated the use of racial quotas?

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

The Supreme Court ruled that the forced busing of children for the purpose of achieving racially integrated schools was constitutional in

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg County.

In 1972, Native Americans organized a caravan titled the ______ that journeyed from California to Washington, D.C., to protest federal policy.

Trail of Broken Treaties

True or false: Following the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, many restaurants, hotels, and other establishments still refused to serve black customers.

True

The largest recent Hispanic demonstrations in the U.S. have been in reaction to

a bill passed by the House that would have led to the arrest and deportation of millions of undocumented immigrants.

The landmark case of Lau v. Nichols (1974) resulted in many states offering ______ education in their public schools.

bilingual

Among the laws giving women greater equality in the workplace were laws prohibiting

certain employers from paying women less than men for doing the same job.

Hispanics in the U.S. are generally concentrated

in their states of entry.

Which of the following best exemplifies the profound impact of the civil rights movement?

removing discrimination in voting requirements

Any law that treats individuals differently based on race is subject to the ______ test.

strict-scrutiny

Which of the following statements about the Americans with Disabilities Act are true?

- It grants certain employment protections to persons with disabilities. - It requires government agencies to take steps to make their buildings accessible to persons with disabilities.

The promise made by the phrase "all men are created equal" has done which of the following?

-been foundational in legal decisions -inspired a hope for eventual equality -given moral strength to diverse movements

Which type of discrimination is based on the law?

de jure discrimination

Which of the following are true about women's equality in the workplace?

- The average pay for women workers is only 80 percent of the amount earned by male workers. - Jobs traditionally held by women pay less than many of the jobs traditionally held by men.

Affirmative action policies have been used by ______ to expand opportunities for women and minority group members.

- educational institutions - employers

According to the Supreme Court, laws that discriminate between people based on their race or ethnicity are laws that make use of

suspect classifications.

Which of the following accurately describes Native Americans today?

-Casino gambling has raised Native Americans' average income level, but it is still far below the national average. -They are less than half as likely as other Americans to have completed college

At one time, banks engaged in a practice known as ______, refusing to grant mortgage loans to people who lived in certain neighborhoods, especially those neighborhoods with large black populations.

redlining

What are comparable worth policies?

those that give women and men equal hourly pay for jobs that require similar training and education

Despite the persisting issues of institutional racism, one area in which African Americans have made significant gains is in

winning elective office.

In 1968 Congress passed a law, the ______, that granted Native Americans constitutional rights similar to those held by other Americans.

Indian Civil Rights Act