government vocab 5

extradition

A legal process whereby an alleged criminal offender is surrendered by the officials of one state to officials of the state in which the crime is alleged to have been committed.

federalism

A system of government in which a written constitution divides power between a central, or national, government and several regional governments

division of powers

Basic principle of federalism; the constitutional provisions by which governmental powers are divided on a geographic basis (in the United States, between the National Government and the States).

full faith and credit

Clause in the Constitution (Article 4, Section 1) requiring each state to recognize the civil judgments rendered by the courts of the other states and to accept their public records and acts as valid.

grants-in-aid program

Financial aid granted by one government to another (e.g., by the National Government to the States), with the funds available subject to certain conditions and to be used for certain purposes

interstate compact

an agreement among two or more states; Constitution requires that most such agreements be approved by Congress.

implied powers

derived from the enumerated ability and the necessary and proper clause. These powers are not stated specifically but are considered to be reasonably considered through the exercise of delegated.

block grant

given to the states by the federal government for a general purpose (like education or road-building). , states have discretion to decide how to spend the money. Example = Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) (States develop and implement welfare programs using federal money).

enabling act

is a piece of legislation by which a legislative body grants an entity which depends on it for authorization or legitimacy of power to take certain actions. For example, often establish government agencies to carry out specific government policies in a modern nation.

reserved powers

not specifically granted to the national government or denied to the states. are held by the states through the Tenth Amendment.

delegated powers

specifically given to the federal government by the US Constitution, for example, the authority to print money.

expressed powers

specifically granted to the federal government by the Constitution. For example, the Constitution gives Congress the ability to coin money, impose taxes, and regulate interstate commerce. also called enumerated ability.

concurrent powers

that are given to both federal and state governments. Ex., the ability to tax and create courts. Exclusive ability are given only to one level of government (ex., the power to declare war)

exclusive powers

the Constitution delegates to the National Government; can be exercised by the National Government alone

act of admission

the State of Hawaii into the Union (Pub.L. 86-3, enacted March 18, 1959) is a statute enacted by the United States Congress and signed into law by President Dwight D. Eisenhower

inherent powers

the national government in foreign affairs that the Supreme Court has declared do not depend on constitutional grants but rather grow out of the very existence of the national government.