GOVT 2305 - Chapter 15. Foreign Policy

Place these major moments in the history of American foreign relations in chronological order from earliest to most recent.

- George Washington gives his Farewell Address. - President Monroe issues his Monroe Doctrine. - The United States enters World War II. - The United States and the Soviet Union engage in the Cold War. - The September 11 terrorist attacks occur

The foreign policy section of the bureaucracy has changed since the September 11 attacks, including the creation of several new posts. Which of the following posts or departments were part of this expansion?

Correct Answer: - director of national intelligence Incorrect Answers: - Department of State - director of the Central Intelligence Agency - Secretary of State

Which federal department is responsible for diplomacy?

Department of State (The State Department was the first executive department to be created; it was established in 1789. The State Department conducts foreign affairs through its ambassadors to other nations and the professional diplomats in the U.S. Foreign Service.)

In the history of American foreign policy in the twentieth century, which came first: American isolationism or American engagement?

Isolationism (Isolationism was a feature of early American foreign policy and was particularly strong in the 1920s and 1930s)

Match each group or organization with its correct category.

Nation-state: - Canada International organization: - World Trade Organization Non-state actor: - terrorist

Some Americans believe that America's human rights and humanitarian policies serve American interests by winning friends and demonstrating our concern for the oppressed and less fortunate. They believe that human rights and humanitarian policies are a form of what?

Soft Power (Those who view human rights and humanitarian policies as another way to grow American influence in the world have traditionally been influential in the American foreign policy community.)

Study the graphic on federal defense spending over time, and then answer the following question. According to the graphic, what is the most likely cause for the pattern of U.S. defense spending since 2000?

The war against terrorism prompted an increase in defense spending (You can see a substantial increase in defense spending after the September 11, 2001, attacks.)

Which U.S. military engagement took place after a declaration of war?

World War II (Congress declared war on Japan on December 8, 1941, and on Germany on December 11, 1941. This was the last time Congress formally declared war. Although Congress still retains the formal power to declare war, the president has vast military powers, particularly since World War II.)

An economic "carrot," or incentive, is __________. An economic "stick," or punishment, is __________.

1.) foreign aid 2.) sanctions

Which of the following statements accurately characterize the current American approach to trade?

Correct Answers: - America typically tries to protect domestic industries. - America typically supports free trade agreements. Incorrect Answers: - America typically opposes multilateral trade agreements. - America typically blames free trade for economic breakdowns.

Under President George W. Bush, and in response to the terrorist attacks of September 11 and related concerns, America's security policy changed from one of _________ to a policy of __________.

Deterrence Preventive war

Study the Who Participates? infographic, and then answer the question. Match the groups of Americans to whether they are overrepresented or underrepresented in the military relative to their proportion of the U.S. population.

Overrepresented: - males - southerners - Black Americans Underrepresented: - females - northeasterners

President Trump expressed which of the following concerns when he removed the United States from the Paris Agreement?

The agreement's affect on the economy (President Trump claimed that strict environmental controls would undermine American manufacturing interests and cause more jobs to leave the U.S.)

The ___________, located in __________, is responsible for synthesizing the messages coming out of the foreign policy establishment to help the president make his or her own foreign policy.

- National Security Council - The bureaucracy

What goals does the International Monetary Fund serve today?

Correct Answers: - It promotes the structural readjustment of some economies. - It facilitates international monetary exchange. Incorrect Answers: - It offers cash transfers to assist nations in humanitarian crises. - It finances long-term loans for development in poor countries.

Which of the following organizations or agreements are primarily related to free trade?

Correct Answers: - World Trade Organization - United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement Incorrect Answers: - World Health Organization - North Atlantic Treaty Organization

What kinds of foreign policy issues might interest groups get involved in?

Correct Answers: - environmental activists seeking to promote climate agreements - Jewish Americans lobbying against a foreign deal that they believe hurts Israel - concerned citizens attempting to get the United - States to oppose human rights abuses by foreign governments - a business lobby objecting to China's piracy of intellectual property rights Incorrect Answer: - N/A

Which of the following are ways in which Congress can check the power of the president in foreign policy?

Correct Answers: - refuse to confirm a nominee for ambassador fail to ratify a treaty - provide no funding for a military operation Incorrect Answers: - command the army to cease military actions

Imagine that the nation of Bermuda was trying to develop the ability to manufacture nuclear weapons, and the United States did not want them to do so. Order the following possible responses the United States could use, from the one that is likely to be tried first to the one that is likely to be used only as a last resort.

Diplomacy Sanctions Military force

The State Department's primary mission is to collect foreign intelligence.

False (Although the State Department may be involved or coordinate with intelligence agencies, its primary mission is to serve U.S. diplomatic interests.)

American foreign ambassadors have become increasingly powerful in providing information and advice to presidents.

False (In recent years, American ambassadors have complained that they have been relegated to secondary status as the White House has looked to military commanders for information, advice, and policy implementation.)

The threat of massive retaliation is more useful in combating terrorism than in fighting traditional nation-states.

False (Because terrorists are more geographically dispersed than conventional states, and because they can blend in with civilian populations, they are less susceptible to threats of massive retaliation.)

Match each foreign policy tool with the correct example of its use.

Military Force: - The United States sends a carrier battle group to conduct flight operations during a crisis with Iran over access to the Strait of Hormuz. Collective Security: - The North Atlantic Treaty Organization specifies that an attack against one country is an attack against all member nations. Economic Aid: - Australia gives Indonesia money to help the Indonesian government provide basic services to its citizens after a typhoon. Arbitration: - Nigeria asks the International Court of Justice to resolve a long-standing dispute it has with a neighboring country.

Match each entity on the left to the correct establishment on the right.

National Security Council: - Executive Office of the President Committee on Foreign Affairs: - House of Representatives Amnesty International: - interest group Foreign Relations Committee: - Senate

Study the Who Participates? infographic, and then answer the question. Which region sent the most new enlistees to the U.S. military in 2017?

South (Southerners made up 44 percent of new enlistees to the military.)