GOVT Exam 1
The Declaration of independence defined which there inalienable rights?
" Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness"
Low-level officials who hope to publicize what they view as their bosses' or the government's improper activities are usually called
" whistle - blowers"
Low-level officials who hope to publicize what they view as their bosses' or the government's improper activities are usually called
"whistle-blowers."
In the 2017-2018 election cycle, individuals could contribute no more than-to any candidate for federal office in any primary or general election
$2,700
What did the New Jersey Plan propose for Congress?
Representation would be equal for each state.
Reconstruction after the Civil War was led by the -Party
Republican
Which of the following was a way the framers tried to make the Senate a check against excessive democracy?
Senators are the only officials immune from impeachment
Which of the following statements about selective incorporation is most accurate?
Until 1961, only the First Amendment and one clause of the Fifth Amendment had been clearly incorporated into the 14 Amendment as binding on the states as on the national government.
Many American blamed ... for their plight during the Great Depression
Warren Harding
Which of the following civil liberties is NOT included in Article I, section 9 of the Constitution?
Wrong: Prohibition of bills of attainder
The incomes of middle class Americans have
Wrong: decreased significantly between 1976 and 1996 but have increased significantly since 1996
Although the U.S is a(n) - at the federal level, there are provisions for - democracy at the state and local levels
Wrong: direct democracy; representative
Over the past several decades, the number and scale of interest groups at the national level has
Wrong: experienced relatively modest growth
The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program
Wrong: provided full citizenship to undocumented immigrants.... children
Which of the following civil liberties is included in Article III of the Constitution?
guarantee of trial by jury in state where crime was committed
Journalists exhibit selection biases in favor of news stories they view as
having a great deal of dramatic or entertainment value
It is likely that eliminating state-level voter registration laws would ________ voter turnout among ________ voters.
increase; younger
It is likely that eliminating state-level voter registration laws would-voter turnout among-
increase; younger people
What is the MOST important and beneficial resource that lobbyists provide government officials?
information
Having some share or say in the composition of a government's leadership, how it is organized, or what its policies are going to be is called
power
The term eminent domain describes the
power of the government to seize private property for public use.
The term" eminent domain" describes the
power of the government to seize private property for public use.
An example of - is federal officials forcing state officials to implement a more stringent water pollution regulative
preemption
The principle of - gives the federal government the power to override any state or local law in one particular area of policy
preemption
The framers employed the separation of powers and federalism in order to
prevent the new government from abusing its power
Shays's Rebellion was an attempt to
prevent the state of Massachusetts from foreclosing on the lands of debt-ridden farmers.
AARP ( formery American Association of Retired Persons) began
in 1958 as an effort to find affordable health insurance for retired teacher
The " comity" provision of Article IV of the Constitution was designed to promote national until by
prohibiting state government from discrimination against citizens of other states in
Political scientists call voters' choices that focus on future behavior-voting, while those based on past performances are called-voting
prospective retrospective
Political scientists call voters' choices that focus on future behavior ________ voting, while those based on past performances are called ________ voting.
prospective; retrospective
" Selective benefits" are
provided on the basis of a claimant's income and circumstance
In the Bakke (1978) case. the Supreme Court ruled that
quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were unconstitutional but affirmative action could be used
Although the U.S is a(n) - at the federal level, there are provisions for - democracy at the state and local levels.
representative democracy direct
In Red Lion Broadcasting Company v. Federal Communications Commission (1969), the Supreme Court upheld the
right of rebuttal
One of the best arguments in favor of Corporate Social Responsibility is that:
voluntarily undertaking these activities could tend to deter increased governmental regulation
The Populist Party appealed to which of the following group?
western mining interest, small farmers, and urban workers
The Populist Party appealed to which of the following group?
western mining interests, small farmers, and urban workers
The Populist Party appealed to which of the following groups?
western mining interests, small farmers, and urban workers
Native Americans were collectively naturalized
with an act of Congress in 1924
The framers of the Constitution intended to create a presidency capable of
withstanding excessive popular pressure by making it subject to indirect election through the electoral college
Which constitutional principle of the United States has been most frequently imitated by other nations?
written constitutions
There are approximately - million people living in the U. S without legal authorization and these people are from-.
wrong: 11; Asia and Africa
Unfunded mandates were primarily the result of tension between-
wrong: Supreme Court that wanted .... limit it
Which of the following statements about the Articles of Confederation is INcorrect?
wrong: The Articles of Confederation allowed each state to coin or print its own money
If the federal government passed a law that did not provide money to state and local governments but required them to construct wheelchair lifts at all train stations, it would be an example of
wrong: a regressive tax
The "poor" and the homeless are two examples of-
wrong: citizen interest groups
Which of the following best describes the history of income inequality in the U.S?
wrong: income inequality...... 10 % of national income
Which of the following statements about the relationship between state and local governments is NOT accurate?
wrong: local governments are created by state government
Which of the following statements about private property is MOST accurate?
wrong: local governments define property by enacting laws that define who is and is not entitled to use a piece of property
In the Bakke (1978) case, the Supreme Court ruled that
wrong: quotas and separate....... unconstitutional
If a bank offers loans at rates well above market averages and does so with complex provisions that borrowers may not fully understand this is often referred to as
wrong: sequestering
Which of the following is an example of the "gender gap"?
wrong: women were granted the right to vote in the U.S long after most men did
Why was the Declaration of Independence a remarkable philosophical statement for its time?
It helped unify colonial groups that were divided along economic, regional, and philosophical
What is a referendum?
It is the practice of voting directly for proposed laws.
Why was the decision to assign jurisdiction over controversies between citizens of different states of the Supreme Court significant?
It meant that the federal judiciary, rather than the state courts, would ultimately become the primary venue for resolving disputes
-defended the British solders who were involved in the Boston Massacre
John Adams
The Declaration of Independent defined which three inalienable rights?
Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness.
Which Supreme Court case was related to the publication of the so-called Pentagon Papers?
New York Times v. U.S
Which statement about amendments to the Constitution is MOST accurate?
One amendment to the Constitution has been successfully repealed
Which of the following statements best describes naturalized laws in the U.S prior to 1870?
Only free whites could become naturalized citizens.
The 1787 convention to draft a new constitution was held in
Philadelphia
The term eminent domain describes the
Power of a government to take private property for public use.
A(n) - is a method used by pollsters to select a representative sample in which every individual in the population has an equal probability of being selected as a respondent
Probability Sampling
Google News, Reddit and Real Clear Politics are good examples of?
news aggregators
The fact that Democratic Party leaders have become more liberal and Republican Party leaders have become more conservative is important because
partisans in the public tend to rely on party leaders for cues on the appropriate positions to take on major political issues
Direct election of senators was instituted with the
passage of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913
Another name for lobbying is
petitoning
The right of each citizen to vote is an example of
political equality
The belief that political authority should rest with the people themselves is called
popular sovereignty
The Supreme Court case Burwell v. Hobby Stores addressed
the Affordable Care Acts's requirement that employers provide their female employees with free contraceptive coverage; the plaintiff claimed it violated their religious expression as protected by Religious Freedom Restoration Act
The practice of lobbying is protected by
the First Amendment
Which of the following possesses the sole power to create revenue bills?
the House of Representatives
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas was a Supreme Court case pursued as part of - strategy of litigation
the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People's
The first national to adopt federalism as its governing framework was
the U.S
Which clause of the U.S Constitution has been most important in allowing the growth of national power?
the commerce clause
The concept of a marketplace of ideas refers to
the competition between varying opinions and ideas that are aired in public forums.
Judicial review is the power of
the courts to decide on the constitutionality of actions taken by the other branches of government.
Who is an incumbent?
the current officeholder, running for reelection
Which two constitution provisions have been at the heart of constitutional struggles between federal and state powers throughout American history?
the elastic clause and the Tenth Amendment
The so-called wall of separation between church and state is best found in which clause of the Constitution?
the establishment clause
The term " Dreamers" usually refers to
undocumented immigrants who were brought to the U.S as children
Which of the following would be an argument in favor of implementing Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives?
- CSR initiatives balance the power of a company with its obligation to be a good steward of that power - CSR initiatives can shift a company's focus to its long-term profitability. - CSR initiatives can dissuade the government from creating new regulations
There are approximately - million people living in the U.S without legal authorization and the majority of these people are from-
11; Mexico and Central America
Approximately what percentage of the American public is African American?
13
Which of the following statements best describes state-level same-sex marriage laws prior to 2015?
13 states had passed laws prohibiting same-sex couples from being legally married
Between 1976 and 2017, state governments executed - people
1448
The final collapse of the Soviet Union occurred in
1991 ???
As a third-party candidate, Ross Perot captured approximately ________ percent of the popular vote in the 1992 presidential election.
20
There are- amendments in the United States Constitution
27
-states have statutes providing for capital punishment, while- states have statues banning
31; 19
In 2017, What percentage of Americans did not know that " Obamacare" and the "Affordable Care Act" are the same thing
33
Approximately - percent of eligible voters turn out for midterm congressional elections
35
The American population has grown from approximately - million people in 1970 to approximately - million people in 2018
4; 327
Currently, there are - states that have the legislative referendum and - states that provide for the initiative process
50,24
Congressional grants paid for-percent of the development of an interstate highway system after Wold War II
90
What is Environmental Analysis?
A method managers use to gather information about external issues and trends.
Which of the following would be an example of a referendum?
A vote on whether to overturn a law by the New York state legislature and signed by the governor of New York that imposes higher taxes on wealthy residents.
The existence of slavery in the U.S is a good example of how
American values are not always reflected in practice
A public issue is:
Any issue that is of mutual concern to an organization and one or more of its stakeholders
Which of the following groups was NOT part of the New Deal coalition?
Asian Americans
A Provision of which law was overturned in the Supreme Court case Printz v. U.S?
Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act
The Boston Tea Party was largely a response to the -
British government's decision to grant the East India Company a monopoly on the export of tea from Britain
Which of the following is a theoretical assumption of pluralism?
Competition among interests will produce balance, with all interests moderating each other.
The two major parties in the U.S during the 1830s and 1840s were the-and the-
Democrats; Whigs
Which of the following statement about the political opinions of Democrats and Republicans in the public is the most accurate?
Difference between the political opinions of Democrats and Republicans are greater today than during any other period.
- occurs when one party controls the presidency while another party controls one or both houses of Congress
Divided government
Which agency regulates broadcast media?
Federal Communications Commission
Which U.S president promoted his policy agenda to the American people through " fireside chats"?
Franklin D.Roosevelt
The three political philosophers whose ideas exerted the greatest influence on the Founders were
Hobbles, Locke, and Montesquieu
The first step of the Issue Management Process is:
Identify the issue.
Why was the Declaration of Independence a remarkable philosophical statement for its time?
It asserted that there were "unalienable rights" that could not be abridged by governments
A method used to prioritize the relevance of the stakeholders and their issues to the company:
Stakeholder Materiality
What is the name of the process that seeks to answer the questions "Who are the relevant stakeholders?" and What are the interests of each stakeholder?"
Stakeholder analysis
Management can use this tool to determine "Stakeholder Salience" (the power, legitimacy, and urgency that stakeholders hold) of various groups.
Stakeholder map
What are the two Theories of the Firm?
Stakeholder theory of the firm and Ownership theory of the firm
Which of the following statements about private property is MOST accurate?
State governments define private property by enacting laws that define who is and is not entitled to use a piece of property
The term "Dreamers" usually refers to
Taken as a whole, unauthorized immigrants who qualify for the deferred action initiative are commonly referred to as "DREAMers" because they comprise most (though not all) of the individuals who meet the general requirements of the Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act.
Which of the following statements best describes the motivations of the Founders in writing the Constitution?
The Founders' primary goal was to devise a system consistent with the dominant philosophical and moral principles of the day while also promoting commerce and protecting private property from radical state legislatures
Which of the following statements about whether journalists can be compelled to reveal their sources of information is NOT accurate?
The federal governments enacted at " Shield law" in 1992 that allows reporters to withhold information about their sources on matters of national security
Which of the following statement about grand juries is MOST accurate?
The fifth Amendment provision for a grand jury has never been incorporated into the 14th Amendment to apply to
Who is an incumbent?
The person currently in office
Pollsters use random digit dialing to gather national samples for surveys because
There is not a complete list of all Americans that can be used to identify the population
What led British officials to raise taxes on the American colonists during the 1760s?
a deficit that was incurred as a result of the French an Indian War
What is a referendum?
a general vote by the electorate on a single political question that has been referred to them for a direct decision.
A stakeholder map is:
a multi-dimensional chart of different stakeholder power's and their legitimacy
Direct Democracy is best defined as
a system that allows citizens to vote directly for laws and policies
Direct democracy is best defined as
a system that allows citizens to vote directly for laws and policies.
What is a referendum?
a vote on the initiative
The term " stakeholder" refers to
affect and are affected by an organization's actions
Who is an incumbent?
anyone in office
When Richard Nixon employed his "southern strategy," he
appealed to disaffected white voters in the South
McDonald v. Chicago (2010) was significant because it
applied the Second Amendment to state governments
If a person supports a candidate because he or she is the front-runner in a poll, it is an example of the
bandwagon effect
It is important for Americans to have political knowledge so that they will
be better able to assess their own interests when making political choices
Miranda v. Arizona (1966) was important because it produced rules that must be used
by the police before questioning an arrested criminal suspect
The ability of the president to veto a bill passed by Congress is a good example of what principle of limited government?
checks and balances
The first test for determining when the government may intervene to suppress political speech was called the-
clear and present danger
National defense is a good example of a
collective good
A ______ is a system of government in which states retain sovereign authority except for powers expressly delegated to a national government
confederation
The Federalists believed that the powers of government could be limited by
creating an internal system of checks and controls within government.
There has been a(n) _____ expectation of organizations to act ethically.
growing
When racial segregation in schools is the result of housing choices made by individuals and families rather than the result of law, it is referred to as
de facto
Overall, Americans' trust in their government has ________ since the 1960s.
declined sharply
The Three-fifths Compromise
determined that three out of every five slaves would be counted for purposes of representation and taxation
Bicameralism is a constitutional principle that means the
division of Congress the legislative branch into two chambers.
After the Civil War, Republicans attempt to- in order to maintain control over the defeated southern states
enfranchise newly freed slaves in order to maintain Republican control over the defeated southern states.
Social media plays an increasingly important role in businesses' effort to address public issues and _____ stakeholders.
engage
One of the earliest activities party workers in once the general election campaign begins is
ensuring that citizens are registered to vote
A core argument of this book (Business and Society) is that the external _____ of business is dynamic and ______
environment ever changing
The ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
established the separate but equal rule.
The last step of the Issue Management Process is:
evaluate results
The traditional news media aims to provide objective reporting on current events by
excluding the personal views of reporters or editors from their coverage.
The U.S, Canada, and Switzerland are all-systems of government while France is a - system of government.
federal; unitary
Compared with the Articles of Confederation, federalism under the Constitution has led to
greater centralization of power
A criticism of interest group pluralism is
its class bias in favor of those with greater financial resources.
During the Philadelphia Convention, the New Jersey Plan was supported by-states
less populous
In classical political theory, a liberal was closed to what we would today refer to as a
libertaria
The goal of the War Powers Resolution was to
limit the power of the president to commit American troops to military action without authorization from Congress
Throughout American history, the concept of liberty has been linked to the idea of
limited government
The writing of the Constitution demonstrates the
marriage of interests and principles.
Montesquieu called ________ the principle of giving each branch of government its own constituency.
mixed regime
" Filter bubbles" appear when
search engines automatically screen out information that might challenge or broaden a person's worldview
During the last 50 years, the American population has
shifted as a result of people leaving the Northeast and Midwest and moving to the South
Under the Articles of Confederation, it was left to the ______ to execute the laws passed by Congress.
states
In a 2012 case about an Arizona law, the Supreme Court ruled that
states can require police officers to check the immigration status of anyone stopped or arrested
The Stamp Act was a
tax on commerce.
The Stamp Act was a
tax on sugar, molasses, and other commodities
What was the most common form of taxation during the colonial era?
taxes on commercial products and activities
Despite its widespread availability, ________ typically report(s) on the narrowest range of topics and provide(s)
television
Which clauses of the Constitution involve the relationships among various states?
the full faith and credit clause and the privileges and immensities clause
Van Orden v. Perry (2005) and McCreary v. ACLU (2005) show that
the issue of government sponsored religion has not been definitively settled
Which of the following is the best example of a concurrent power under the U.S Constitution?
the power to regulate commercial activity
The power of the federal government began to expand after 1933 in response to
the stock market crash of 1929, the Great Depression, and the run on banks of 1933
The power of the federal government began to expand after 1933 in response to
the stock market crash of 1929, the great depression, and the run on banks of 1933
During the ratification debates, who were the Antifederalists?
those who opposed the new Constitution because they wanted a weaker central government
Which of the following powers are not explicitly given to Congress by the Constitution?
to abolish state boundaries
Which of the following was not discussed as a purpose of government in the Constitution's preamble?
to guarantee an equal distribution of wealth for all citizens
Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) established the right
to legal counsel in felony cases. wrong: to an open trial before a judge
What is the purpose of the Tenth Amendment?
to limit the powers of the federal government by reserving certain powers to the states and to the wrong: undocumented immigrants who were born in the U.S
The Constitution expressly grants which of the following powers to Congress?
to regulate interstate commerce
A government that is not constrained by legal limits and also seeks to eliminate any challengers to its authority is know as a(n)-government
totalitarian