Govt. Module 9

a political action committee

A group that raises and spends money for the purpose of influencing the outcome of an election is known as ______.

free

A person known as a(n) __________ rider derives a benefit without contributing to its achievement.

issue network

A(n) is comprised of various actors that all have interest and expertise in a particular policy issue, even though they may disagree on what the outcome should be.

regulatory agencies

Agency capture refers to the situation where ______ side with the industry they are supposed to regulate rather than with the public that they are supposed to protect.

business groups

Among economic groups, which type are the most numerous?

The Environmental Defense Fund

An example of a single-issue interest group focused on the environment is ______.

they are benefits the group can withhold

An important feature of private goods for an economic group is that ______.

seeks to influence government policy

An interest group is an organization that ______.

political action committee

An interest group may form a(n) _______ ________ ______ whose main goal is to raise and spend money to influence the outcome of elections.

temporary

Compared to iron triangles, the relationship between actors in an issue network tends to be more ______.

lower

Compared with the percentage of United States workers who were union members in the 1950s and 1960s, the percentage today is ______.

It has lessened it.

How have advances in technology affected the free-rider problem?

Be aboveboard with members.

If you were lobbying Congress, what would be the safest strategy for you to use?

groups; members of Congress

In an iron triangle, ______ provide campaign contributions to ______ in order to gain their support for a particular policy proposal.

getting smaller, more focused business groups to work together on an issue can be highly effective.

In the 2017 Tax Cut and Jobs Act, the corporate tax cut is permanent, whereas the individual tax cut has an end date. This difference illustrates the fact that:

regulatory

Interest group influence is particularly strong among ______ agencies that are responsible for overseeing the nation's business sectors.

inside lobbying outside lobbying

Interest groups rely on what two main lobbying strategies?

encourage a ruling that is beneficial to their cause

Interest groups that are not directly involved in litigation may file amicus curiae briefs to ______.

material

Jobs, higher wages, and tax incentives are all examples of ______ incentives to joining interest groups.

face-to-face meetings with members of Congress

Lobbying elected officials includes which of the following activities?

are inclined to support their group or cause

Lobbyists generally direct their efforts at lawmakers who ______.

Interest groups- electoral support to members of congress Congressional Committee- budget support for a program Government Agency- Constituent service

Match the actors in an iron triangle with the benefits that they provide to other actors.

arguments and evidence for their position

Modern lobbyists primarily concentrate on providing lawmakers with ______.

providing a form of representation for organized groups

One of the positive contributions that interest groups make is ______.

public

Outside lobbying is aimed at bringing ______ pressure to bear on policymakers.

information that supports the group's policy positions

Rather than using threats, interest groups tend to influence lawmakers by providing them with ______.

- giving money directly to candidates - giving money directly to political parties

Super PACs are legally forbidden from which of the following?

America's system of divided power provides abundant opportunities for interest groups to achieve their policy goals.

The effort of the writers of the Constitution to devise a governing system that would guard against tyranny of the majority resulted in which consequence?

collective goods

The incentives that most noneconomic groups offer include ______.

inside lobbying

The interest group strategy that includes face to face meeting for policymakers is know as

business interests

The interest-group system in the United States overrepresents ______.

more than 800

The states that border Mexico all have ______ registered lobbyists.

True

True or false: According to political scientist Mancur Olson, interest groups with smaller memberships usually prevail because they are able to join together and pool resources.

-It has a large staff that lobbies the federal government. -It is well-financed, even though individual members' dues are low. -It can generate a large amount of mail to members of Congress.

What are the advantages enjoyed by a large interest group such as the AARP?

an independent-expenditure-only committee

What is a super PAC?

the system of checks and balances

What was Madison's constitutional solution to the problem of factions?

True

When the 2017 Tax Cut and Jobs Act was passed, individual taxpayers clearly benefited, receiving an average annual tax cut of nearly $1,300, increasing their after-tax income by 1.7 percent.

filing amicus curiae briefs lawsuits influencing the selection of federal judges

Which of the following are among interest groups' judicial lobbying options?

-retirement plans -jobs

Which of the following are private goods?

-Lobbyists identify bills that need their attention. -Lobbyists provide information on specific pieces of legislation.

Which of the following are ways in which members of Congress benefit from ties to lobbyists?

- They tend to focus on one issue, such as gun rights or the environment. - They are open to anyone who agrees with the policy the group is advocating.

Which of the following describe most citizen's groups?

- contacts - money - skills

Which of the following help interest groups participate more effectively in group politics?

It can have a positive effect on other interests, such as through job creation.

Which of the following is a benefit to the public that results from the promotion of a special interest?

Economic groups can provide material benefits (such as jobs) to those who are part of the group.

Which of the following is an advantage that economic groups have over citizens' groups?

Interest groups are important to bringing the concerns of groups of individuals to the attention of government.

Which of the following represents a shared view of pluralists and their critics?

- New York - California - Texas

Which of the following states have 800 or more registered lobbyists within the state?

single-issue groups

Which of the following types of interest groups are formed to pressure government to take action on a specific policy area, such as nuclear arms?

Consumer

Which of the following types of interest groups is not classified as an economic interest group?

-Public demonstrations -Letter-writing campaigns

Which of the following would be considered outside lobbying activities used by interest groups?

the National Organization for Women

Which one of these groups is an example of a citizens' group?

James Madison

Which political leader wrote that the government must dilute the influence of factions and interest groups by filtering their views through properly structured governing institutions?

trade association

Which type of interest group represents business firms of a particular kind, such as insurance companies?

Collective

______ goods are those that belong to all people and cannot be withheld on an individual basis, such as clean air or water.

Purposive

______ incentives for joining an interest group include the satisfaction that you are participating in a worthy effort.

Private

_______ goods refer to benefits that are given directly to particular individuals as a result of belonging to an interest group.