Green Belt
In Multi-Vari analysis, a graph is created that displays the possible sources of variation affecting process output.
true
Problem finding is often the first step in a Six Sigma analysis.
true
Problem finding when searching for the source of a Six Sigma related projects is not very different from the challenge of problem finding when a physician examines patients to find the source of their symptoms.
true
Process output is summarized by a statistic called the process mean. However, every unit of output from the process commonly varies from one unit to the next.
true
RTY represents the likelihood that a process will complete all of the required steps without a failure.
true
Six Sigma is a measurement-based, process improvement and variation reduction approach that focuses on dependable process output that meets product or service goals.
true
The Oblique lines in a Fishbone diagram designed to uncover the root-cause of a problem in operations would include
It would include such categories as equipment, people, process/methods, material, environment.
In the BIDMC case, the collection of response times on a daily basis was dismissed as too frequent. Only monthly data was collected. This illustrates how difficult it is to monitor and control health care systems.
false
It is possible to design a process with no variation in output.
false
Kanban concepts are limited to manufacturing operations.
false
A scatter plot is a common Six Sigma tool for finding the root cause of a problem.
false
All products should be designed in such a way as to deliver perfect performance.
false
All suppliers can be classified as strategic since without them a product or service could not be delivered.
false
Carefully designed processes should not deviate at all from a target.
false
Customer-focused cultures are actually more common than one would expect.
false
Cycle time should not include any delays incurred during processing.
false
Designing efficient processes often takes less time than inefficient ones
false
Hospital projects, such as the one described at BIDMC, must often bypass the measurement phase in the DMAIC cycle because data at the department level is very difficult to obtain.
false
In a Multi-Vari chart, the range of variation is expressed along the "X" or horizontal axis.
false
Knowledge access should be limited since the objective of most development projects should be to create an innovative result.
false
Lean product development projects are not usually subject to tight schedules as this could jeopardize the quality of the project outcome
false
Lean supply chains commonly include many strategic vendors and a large staff to manage them. The size of the staff is important if this function is to be managed efficiently.
false
Measurement Analysis is not necessary when monitoring the output of an automated process.
false
Once a lean culture is established, it is very unlikely for the organization to become a bloated bureaucracy.
false
One area that has proved difficult to improve has been patients presenting symptoms of stroke.
false
Product development is not a cross-functional process.
false
Reduction in the length of patient stay is not considered an area of interest in lean heath care.
false
The X-Y matrix is often compared to a SIPOC chart since they both determine the extent of the relationship between input and output variables.
false
The inputs to an X-Y matrix are weighted using numbers between one and one hundred.
false
The longer is the vertical line in a Multi-Vari chart the lower is the "position" variation.
false
The more output deviates from a target level the more acceptable is the process output.
false
The most significant input variables in an X-Y matrix are those whose weighted scores are the lowest.
false
The term value-added is related to the cost of delivering products and services to customers.
false
There is little difference between Lean and Six Sigma.
false
Value Stream maps have found very little use in lean health care projects.
false
When a new business process is designed it is not necessary to utilize the principles and concepts of Lean Six Sigma because it can be assumed that new processes are efficient.
false
While the Lourdes case illustrated how a lean health care system could improve internal processes, it produced little "customer value".
false
The purpose or function of a Pareto Chart is the same as a Scatter Diagram.
false; A scatter diagram depicts performance over time while a Pareto Chart depicts performance between specified categories.
It is unlikely that earlier stages in the DMAIC process would be revisited as the project progresses.
false; Often earlier stages are revisited as new challenges occur.
The concept of measurement analysis is primarily related to the Analyze stage of the DMAIC Cycle.
false; Primarily related to Measure and Control.
When taking a measurement of an object, if the device used to take the measurement incorrectly measures the object, this is referred to as a _____________ error
measurement device`
In a ____________ gage R&R study each individual operator only measures one part.
nested
Kanban is associated with which of the following processing concepts.
pull
Fishbone diagrams break a problem down into successive layers each one representing the possible root-cause of a problem.
true
Four identical machines in a manufacturing process are operated over three shifts. A multi vari chart would be appropriate to study the variability of each machine and then to determine which machine contributes most of the output variation
true
In a Six Sigma designed process half of the outcomes will occur above the mean of the process.
true
In additional to culture, the organization must be capable of developing efficient processes to deliver the kinds of products and services that customers want.
true
In an X-Y Matrix the output variables are weighted by their level of importance.
true
In lean product development, the process of developing a product or service can be classified as a project because it has a definite beginning and end.
true
In the function Y=f(X), Y is defined as the process output.
true
Information clutter or information overload can create inefficiencies in the development process. Just the right amount of information is frequently better than too much or too little.
true
Lean Six Sigma projects have a clear beginning and end.
true
Lean cultures are more likely to be customer-focused.
true
Lean health care has made a significant contribution to the efficient processing of those patients presenting with symptoms of a heart attack.
true
Lean manufacturing addresses the elimination, to the extent that it is possible, of waste and idle time.
true
Lean primarily focuses on improving process efficiency.
true
Lean product development is essential when competition moves fast and product obsolescence is high.
true
Lean supply chains commonly follow a Just-In-Time inventory strategy.
true
Line charts can display sample results. Time is measured on the X or horizontal axis.
true
Managers often treat symptoms not root causes.
true
Metrics are concrete estimates of project results.
true
Multi-Vari charts also display output means.
true
Multi-Vari charts can combine variables. One example is displaying the relationship between call duration, location and time of day on the same chart.
true
One advantage in using the concept Y=f(X) is that it implies the use of metrics to measure both inputs and output.
true
One of the principles of Six Sigma is to monitor and control variation of output.
true
One strategy for sorting is by product families.
true
Organizational culture defines the environment within which Lean Six Sigma initiatives can succeed or fail.
true
Organizations with lean supply chains tend to have closer relationships with their suppliers.
true
Over-Design occurs when the features of a product or service exceed what the customer needs
true
Precision refers to the closeness of two or more measurements to each other.
true
Special cause variation is of most concern in Six-Sigma. It is unexpected and can disrupt process output.
true
The "Extent of the Relationship" in an X-Y matrix requires that an informal estimate is used to determine this relationship.
true
The BIDMC case illustrates how interdisciplinary teams can work together in lean projects.
true
The BIDMC case illustrates how the monitoring and control process, necessary to effectively manage a health care system, can benefit from the use of charts.
true
The LCL and UCL must be contained within the LSL and USL.
true
The Pareto Chart in Lean Six Sigma Analysis can be used to display the cumulative percent of the overall problem that will be addressed when one or more individual problem areas are eliminated.
true
The Poisson distribution focuses on the number of discrete occurrences over a defined interval.
true
The Voice of the Customer must be accommodated by the Voice of the Process.
true
The X-Y matrix compares the correlation between inputs and outputs for the purpose of determining the most important inputs in a process.
true
The Zara case is an example of how a clothing manufacturer developed a lean supply chain system to respond quickly to changing consumer tastes.
true
The benefits expected from a project are estimated to be 100, while the costs associated with undertaking the project are estimated to be 125. The project should not be approved.
true
The data within a vertical bar of a Multi-Vari chart is referred to as "within variation" or "position variation."
true
The difference between the total time it takes to process an order and the time it takes to complete each of the essential steps in the order is considered non-value added time.
true
The length of the vertical lines in a Multi-Vari chart represents the range of a specific variable over a specific period such as one week.
true
The length of time it takes to reach a sales representative on the phone can be represented by both the mean and a measure of variation.
true
The objective of Six Sigma is to deliver near-perfect products and services.
true
The oblique lines in a Fishbone diagram represent the major categories within which the root-cause of the problem may be found.
true
The ordered histogram usually shows that a significant share of the problem can be attributed to one or a few sources or categories.
true
The output of an X-Y matrix is a weighted score.
true
The process mean represents the average result associated with producing units of output from an operational process.
true
The project charter, when approved by management, formally authorizes a project.
true
The quality of the product or service delivered by a process is related to the voice of the customer.
true
The reality is that for most products and services reasonable quality, not perfection, is necessary.
true
The vertical bar on the right-hand side of the Pareto Chart identifies the category that contributes least to the problem.
true
The weighted score in an X-Y matrix is computed by multiplying the "extent of the relationship" by the "level of importance."
true
There are many opportunities for delays in the product development process. One strategy to minimize them is to ensure as much coordination as possible between those working on the project.
true
To best ensure success, Lean Six Sigma projects must be defined in such a way as to address a specific goal or objective.
true
To find the root-cause of a problem it may be necessary to drill down through more than one histogram.
true
To meet quality objectives, Six Sigma sets targets and measures process outcomes against there targets.
true
When the DPMO is 6,210 this suggests a process that has been set to a standard of Four Sigma.
true
When the Voice of the Customer is accommodated within the voice of the process, the customer will be satisfied with the results.
true
While RPN is a quantitative measure, FMEA is primarily a qualitative tool.
true
A process has a mean of 150 and a standard deviation of 10. Six sigma limits will be
90 and 210
The costs that would disappear if the process that delivers products and services were near-perfect are referred to as the ____________________________ .
COPQ: cost of poor quality
DPU
Defects per unit
A ____________ study focuses on whether the individuals collecting the data or performing measurement tests are consistent in their measurements.
Gage R&R
The "Y" or vertical axis on the histogram displays
It displays the frequency associated with the User specified ranges It is the X axis that displays the user-specified ranges.
Six Sigma focuses on
It focuses on output quality and consistency.
The Beta error associated with monitoring and controlling the radiation level in a nuclear reactor plant should be
It needs to be a small as possible.
Which of the following represents the likelihood that a process will complete all of the required steps without any failures or rejects.
RTY
DPO
The acronym DPMO means Defects Per Million Opportunities
Central Limit Theorem
The theory that, as sample size increases, the distribution of sample means of size n, randomly selected, approaches a normal distribution.
Calculating defects
To determine the number of defects when 10,000 meals are served use the following calculations. 230/1,000,000 X 10,000. This is the same as X=(230/1,000,000) (10,000) = 2.3 meals per month
three sigma limits
UCL: x + 3 (St. dev. / sq. rt. of n) LCL: x - 3 (St. dev. / sq. rt. of n)
When several individuals measure the same object but each one records a different result this can be attributed to ____________________ .
human error
common cause variation
represents the normal or expected variation in a process
parallel flow refers to
working on several activities at the same time
A process can be represented mathematically in the following way:
y=F(X)
Data collection is a primary activity associated with the Measure phase.
true
Decisions may be included in Process Maps.
true
Seven Wastes
1) overproduction 2) inventory 3) transportation 4) waiting 5) motion 6) overprocessing 7) defective product
sample & process means
A sample mean represents the average of items, taken at a moment in time. The process mean represents the average output of a process.
standard error of the mean
(St. dev. / sq. rt. of n)
A process starts with 100 good pieces and 85 are produced. The FTY is ___ .
.85
A process has three steps. The yield on each step is 0.9. What is the yield (RTY) of the process?
.9x.9x.9
In a Gage R&R study which of the following describes the steps that must be taken?
1. a fixed number of operators are defined 2. each operator measures the object a fixed number of times 3. a fixed number of objects/parts are defined
7 elements to a control plan
1. measurements/specifications 2.input-output process 3. process execution 4. performance reporting/sampling 5. documenting information 6. corrective actions 7. process owner
If the production time that is available is 420 minutes and the system must process 35 units what is the Takt time?
12
A Six Sigma process is one that produces products or delivers services such that there are fewer than ___ defects per million opportunities.
3.4
If the benefit cost ratio is 2 and the cost of the project is 150, what is the magnitude of the benefits.
300
root cause
A root cause is a situation or problem that prevents a final and desirable event from occurring.
The ratio of good parts produced at the end of a process divided by the number of parts that were started is called ______ .
FTY
The number of good units or pieces produced divided by the number of total units that originally started through the process is measured by the _______ .
FTY- first time yield
A process produces a sample mean outside the UCL and LCL but the process mean has not actually shifted. If corrective action is taken this represents a ___ error
It is an Alpha error that has occurred.
A __________ is a high-level map that documents a business process from beginning to end with little attention to detail.
SIPOC
To gain a better understanding of a process from its inputs to the customer, which of the following maps should be used?
SIPOC
Which of the following Six-Sigma tools is most useful when identifying outputs and inputs.
SIPOC
Which of the following is a high-level map of a process that does not include much detail.
SIPOC
calculate DPU
Two orders had errors. In the first, two errors were found. In the second three were found. This is a total of 5 errors in 25 orders or 5/25 = .20 defects per unit
A control chart is a line chart with additional information that includes a target level together with an _____ and _____
Upper and Lower Control Limits
histogram
a graphical representation that organizes a group of data into user-specified ranges.
When the persons conducting a Gage R&R test all reach the same conclusions and those conclusions represent the true value, the study results are classified as ____________________ .
accurate and precise
The first document prepared in presenting a Lean Six Sigma project is the __________________ .
business case
The contract between those who will do the work associated with a Lean Six Sigma project and management is called a _____________________ .
charter
sources of variation
common (always present) and special
Delivering customer value begins with _______________ .
company culture
Kaizen is a Japanese word for ________ .
continuous improvement
Process monitoring is usually associated with the ___________ stage.
control
Taguchi Loss Function
cost to the org gets larger as variation migrates farther from the target
The quality of parts, assemblies and products is related to _________ .
critical to quality
Which of the following represents the specification of product or service capabilities or attributes that are necessary to meet customer expectations?
critical to quality
In a ____________ gage R&R study each individual operator measures each part.
crossed
The length of time from the beginning to the completion of a work process is called _________________ .
cycle time
Problem finding is primarily associated with which phase of the DMAIC process?
define
When asking the question, what is the real problem, the project is very likely to be in the __________ stage.
define
Which of the following is a fundamental challenge in Lean Six Sigma?
delays/defects/waste/errors, output variation, monitoring and control
A newly redesigned process should not be considered for continuous improvement for several years.
false
Lean supply chains usually involve shorter contracts with vendors. If the vendor fails to meet obligations then the contract can be cancelled.
false; Actually, longer contracts are common since they help to build strategic relationships.
When process output falls above or below the target level the process would be considered out-of-control.
false; Additional reference points are necessary; UCL and LCL
With a few exceptions, the concepts and methodologies useful in Lean Health Care are very different from those used in manufacturing, supply chains or new product development.
false; At the conceptual level they are very much the same. That explains why Lean Health Care has received such attention in the health care industry
The binomial distribution represents discrete processes, those that have more than two possible outcomes.
false; Binomial is for discrete processes with only two outcomes.
If the X-Bar chart shows that a process is in-control it will not be necessary to review the S-Chart. The conclusion should be made that the process is in-control.
false; Both charts must be considered. However, if the S-Chart is examined first and it suggests an out-of-control situation, the X-Bar chart does not have to be examined. In that situation the process is out-of-control.
The mean output of a process is the major factor in controlling that process and ensuring that it meets process objectives.
false; Both mean and standard deviation, a measure of variation, are important. Some would argue that variation is more important than mean.
Only the process mean needs to be monitored to assure that a process is in control.
false; Both the mean and variation must be controlled.
For most Lean Six Sigma projects, financial evaluation only requires an estimate of the benefits to be achieved.
false; Cost estimates are always necessary.
In Lean manufacturing, production must achieve the highest level of quality regardless of cost.
false; Cost is always an issue. So the quality of the output is related to competitive market costs.
If done correctly, Lean should eliminate all delays.
false; Eliminating all delays is often impossible as some delays may be essential to the smooth flow of a process.
It is not unreasonable to set surgical procedures at a hospital to a standard of Three Sigma.
false; Given the risk of surgery and consequences, a Six Sigma design strategy should be followed.
An ordered histogram is a histogram that sorts outcomes by date from earliest date to latest date.
false; Histograms sort by categories. Dates could represent categories, but the concept of categories is much greater and includes such things as age, gender, interest in purchasing a product (YES or No) etc.
A Process is defined as a system that transforms outputs into inputs.
false; INPUTS into OUTPUTS
A successful Six Sigma project outcome should not depend upon finding the root cause of the problem.
false; If the root cause is not uncovered, the outcome of a Six Sigma project may prove disappointing.
Lean is primarily limited to manufacturing processes.
false; It applies to all functional areas of business.
The concept of lean product development does not extend to the concept of lean service development.
false; It extends to products and services.
Lean focuses on quality and consistency.
false; It focuses on the minimization of waste and delays.
Performance reporting involves preparing a book of control charts showing the performance of the process over time.
false; It involves a periodic review of the control plan
Lean product development primarily focuses on the development of a lean manufacturing plan.
false; It involves the full range of development activities from idea generation through to marketing and sales.
It takes four weeks between receiving a returned product, undertaking warranty repairs and sending it back to the customer. This is an example of a problem where Six Sigma should help.
false; It is a situation where Lean should help since the process very likely includes many non-value added steps.
Changing a traditional organization to one that is lean and customer-focused is usually not a difficult challenge.
false; It is difficult because resistance to change is a major roadblock.
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis is primarily used in the inspection process after items have been manufactured. It assures that defective output is not passed on to the customer or client.
false; It is intended to prevent problems from occurring not to correct them once they have occurred.
In lean supply chains, quality is the responsibility of the purchaser not the vendor or supplier
false; It is the responsibility of both
A scatter plot is a tool used exclusively in a lean analysis.
false; It is used in Six-Sigma to monitor process output.
A bottom-up approach to improving process performance is most commonly associated with an organizational culture that emphasizes quality, efficiency and customer value.
false; It must be top down, an approach that requires top management support.
In a lean supply chain system, communication is one way, from top management to lower level management and workers. When this approach is followed, efficient control can be assured across all levels in the organization.
false; Lean manufacturing systems commonly reflect collaborative communication environments.
The more layers there are in a management structure, the more likely it will be for an organization to succeed in developing a lean processes.
false; Management layers breed bureaucracy.
Words such as 'improved results' and 'shorter waiting periods' are often effective metrics by which to gauge the success of a project.
false; Metrics need to be concrete not abstract.
When a process produces output that exactly corresponds to the expected or desired mean of the process, then it is not possible for the variation in output to exceed expectations.
false; Process average and process variation are two distinct statistical concepts. The average may meet its expectations but the variation may not.
To improve quality it is best to institute extensive testing at the end of a production process.
false; Quality standards need to be instituted at every step of the process.
Business cases that are written to justify the approval of a Lean Six Sigma project require detailed budgets and schedules.
false; Rough estimates are usually satisfactory for a business case
The process mean for a service process is designed to serve an average of 10 customers per hour. During the day, a sample of customers is taken and it is found that only 9 customers have been served during this period. This is an unlikely outcome since the sample mean and process mean should be the same.
false; Sample mean outcomes and the process mean will almost always be different. Rarely will they be the same.
Business cases for Lean Six Sigma Projects must include full technical descriptions of every step in the project process.
false; The business case is a overview of the project.
The difference between what a customer expects and what a process delivers is expressed by the difference between the LSL and USL.
false; The difference is expressed by the distance between the LSL and LCL, and the distance between the USL and UCL
According to McKinsey and Company, one of the disciplines necessary to achieve a lean organization is quality assurance.
false; The disciplines are clear direction, enabling contributions, customer value, and discover better ways
No more than three categories can be used in Pareto Chart.
false; The limit is dictated by the problem and the difficulty with reading many vertical bars in the histogram.
In problem finding, it is often enough to identify the symptom of the problem, since it is the symptom that must be corrected first.
false; The problem itself must be addressed and corrected.
One of the benefits of lean product development is that it prevents the situation where a company is first-to-market and thereby makes mistakes that are overcome by those companies introducing similar products or services at a later date.
false; There are certainly situations where companies that are first-to-market are too early or their products suffer from flaws. But, in general, first-to-market is an important advantage of Lean Product Development with significant payoffs to the firm.
By drilling down through histograms the one root-cause that explains the overall problem can always be found.
false; There may be several problems not just one root cause.
The horizontal lines that intersect the oblique lines in the Fishbone diagram represent the major categories into which causes can be placed.
false; These horizontal lines represent the next level below the major categories.
In a Two Bin Kanban process, orders are placed after the second bin is depleted.
false; They are placed once the first bin is depleted of inventory items
Multi-Vari charts also uncover why special cause variation occurs.
false; They only help expose the presence of special cause variation they cannot determine its sources.
Walmart is an example of a company that was unsuccessful in recognizing the pitfalls of bureaucratic creep.
false; They took action to eliminate it.
Sustaining a lean organization is not difficult as evidenced by the performance of General Motors since the 1950s.
false; To the contrary, sustaining a lean culture is a major management challenge.
A Fishbone diagram cannot be used when several causes contribute to a problem.
false; To the contrary, this is the major purpose of a Fishbone diagram
Using the concept of 5S, Items can be sorted into two groups including Always Used and Never Used.
false; always, sometimes, and rarely
Financial evaluation requires two estimates; benefits and revenues.
false; benefits & costs
The purpose of an X-Y matrix is to measure output variability.
false; ranks importance of inputs
The Business Proposal is a document that serves as a contract between those who will do the project work and management.
false; the Project Charter is the contract
The lean product development process is different from most operational processes such as auto manufacturing since the product development process would not be concerned with such issues as delays and waste.
false;Delays and waste can easily jeopardize the successful and timely completion of the product development process.
5S focuses primarily on _______________ .
increasing efficiency 5Ss: 1. sort 2. straighten 3. shine 4. standardize 5. sustain
The mathematical expression for a process relates which of the following two characteristics of a process?
inputs & outputs
COPQ costs
labor, materials, lost opportunity, high processing costs, loss of market share, and low customer service levels
The purpose of Kanban, as used by Toyota, was to ________________ .
match inventory with demand
The two parameters used to manage processes include the ___________ and __________ .
mean; variation
The extra effort that is put into a product or component and adds little value is considered to be an example of
over processing
Five human resource professionals rate a candidate on a scale of one to ten. The scores are almost the same, but it turns out that the individual, once hired, does not perform well and is not retained beyond the trial employment period. This is an example of _______________
precise but not accurate
Customer value is represented by which of the following attributes?
price, quality, and service
A Value Stream Map is used primarily to improve ____________
process efficiency
Consistency associated with a single individual in a Gage R&R study is addressed by the concept of _____________ .
repeatability
Which of the following terms suggests the approach where several people undertake the same test to rule out human error in measuring an object?
reproducability
Consistency across individuals in a Gage R&R study is addressed by the concept of _____________ .
reproducibility
pareto principle
roughly 80% of the effects come from 20% of the causes
Which of the following Six-Sigma tools is most useful when identifying outputs and inputs.
sample mean outside the UCL or LCL when the process mean has NOT shifted
Maintaining a clean workplace is an example of _________________ .
shine
An X-bar chart for larger sample sizes, N>25, uses the ____________ to determine the UCL and LCL.
standard error of the mean
5S procedures that have been set into place and followed by others is an example of __________________ .
standardize
Identifying a specific location where supplies will be stored is an example of ________________ .
straighten/ set in order
A SIPOC diagram identifies __________ .
suppliers, inputs, process, outputs, consumer
The process of ensuring that 5S methods will be used in the future is called _____________ .
sustain
Which of the following represents the rate at which a finished product needs to be completed in order to meet customer demand.
takt time
Designing a process that produces output with little or no variation from one unit to the next can be very costly.
true
the head of the fishbone represents
the problem itself, not the root cause. The root-cause is represented by the oblique and horizontal lines that define the body of the fish.
accuracy refers to
the proximity of a measurement to the true value of a quantity
Production flexibility, common in lean supply systems, refers to
the situation where the manufacturing process is capable of responding to increases and decreases in sales or the ability to make changes in the design, or quality of process output.
Fishbone diagrams are similar to Pareto charts in that they are used to drill down and find the root-cause of a problem.
true
The computed p-value from a Two Sample t Test measures how likely it would be to observe two samples whose means are that far apart.
tru
A Fishbone diagram to uncover the root-cause of problems in customer satisfaction would include such categories as product quality, price and call center support.
true
A Metric is a formal and measurable goal for a Lean Six Sigma project
true
A Pareto Chart is a combination of a histogram and line chart.
true
A Process Map shows more detail than a Value Stream Map.
true
A SIPOC diagram does not include delays and other measures of inefficiency.
true
A Six Sigma designed process is one that produces products or delivers services such that there are fewer than 3.4 defects per million opportunities.
true
A commodity supplier is one that provides common units of input that could be purchased from many different sources.
true
A control chart could be used by an internet hosting company to monitor the percent of customers who would recommend the service to their friends.
true
A cumulative percent for each user-defined category must be calculated to create a Pareto Chart.
true
A health clinic with four locations administers a patient satisfaction questionnaire across all clinics. The objective is to determine if patient satisfaction differs across these locations. A two-tailed test would be appropriate.
true
A lean culture is one that supports the discovery of better ways to deliver customer value.
true
A lean manufacturing process is one that, in addition to containing costs, produces products that compete well in the marketplace.
true
A line chart without a target, UCL and LCL is not very useful for monitoring and controlling process output.
true
A major challenge, when restructuring an organization by eliminating bureaucratic layers and becoming more lean, is resistance to change.
true
A multi-vari analysis is visual and uses no statistics to compare output variation.
true
A process map not only includes process steps but also includes work flow decisions.
true
A repair facility for camcorders that are still under warranty takes an average of four weeks to process a repair request. The company should consider lean methodologies to improve mean process time.
true
A scatter plot can be used to display the results of samples taken at intervals over time.
true
A shape similar to a "D" is used to identify process delays.
true
A significant portion of the product development process involves acquiring and using knowledge. It can therefore be referred to as a knowledge-based process.
true
About 75 percent of Fortune 500 companies utilize the concepts of Six-Sigma.
true
An ordered histogram displays the occurrence for each category from highest to lowest with the highest typically on the left.
true
Barring any accidents, the length of time it takes to commute to work is subject to common cause variation.
true
Based on the examples in this chapter, the oblique lines in a marketing Fishbone diagram would include Product, Place, Price and Promotion.
true
Continuous improvement is also referred to as Kaizen
true
Customer value must be defined from the customer's perspective.
true
Sometimes an LCL is not necessary to determine whether or not the process is in-control or out-of-control.
true; Hospital acquired infections is one example. You have an upper control limit but not a lower control limit.
One quality measure in a hospital's emergency department is the time it takes before a patient is examined by a physician. The target is 15 minutes or less. To determine if this objective is met a Six Sigma analysis would seem appropriate.
true; Six Sigma sets targets (less than 15 minutes) and measures outcomes (waiting time) against this target.
DMAIC is a framework that helps to ensure an orderly and logical flow from the beginning of a Six Sigma project to its end.
true; Steps: 1. Define 2. Measure 3. Analyze 4. Improve 5. Control
It is not possible to eliminate all common cause variation in most processes.
true; There is some variation in even the most carefully designed and controlled processes.
Dispensing the wrong medication at a nursing home is an example of one of the fundamental challenges associated with Lean.
true; This would be considered an Error and as such would be one of the three fundamental challenges of Lean.
A Pareto Chart includes two vertical-axis.
true; shows magnitude and cumulative sum/percent
The word Kanban refers to a ____________ .
visual sign
