Gross Anatomy 1: Origin, Insertion, Action, and Nerve Supply
dorsal interossei: action (3)
1. abducts digits 2-4 2. flex MP joints 3. extend IP joints
palmer interossei: action (3)
1. adducts digits 2, 4, 5 2. flex MP joints 3. extend IP joints
teres major: action (2)
1. adducts humerus 2. stabilizes shoulder joint 3. medially rotates humerus
flexor carpi radialis: action (2)
1. equal prime mover for flexion of hand at wrist joint 2. assists in abduction of hand
extensor carpi ulnaris: action (2)
1. extend hand 2. help adduct hand
extensor carpi radialis brevis: action (2)
1. extend the hand 2. abduct the hand
extensor carpi radialis longus: action (2)
1. extend the hand 2. abduct the hand
extensor digitorum maximus: action (3)
1. extends digits 2-5 2. extend hand 3. abduct digits 2, 4, 5
lumbricals: action (2)
1. flexes MP joint 2. extends IP joint
flexor digitorum profundus: action(2)
1. flexes the DIP joints of digits 2-5 2. helps flex hand at wrist joint
flexor digitorum superficialis: action (2)
1. flexes the PIP joints of digits 2-5 2. helps flex hand at wrist joints
coracobrachialis: actions (2)
1. flexion and weak adduction of arm 2. stabilizes shoulder joint
brachioradialis: action (2)
1. help flex forearm 2. pronates and supinates the forearm (when forearm is flexed and supinated, will act as a pronator; when forearm is extended and pronated, will act as a supinator)
palmaris longus: action(2)
1. helps flex hand 2. tightens fascia of palm
supraspinatus: action (3)
1. initiates abduction of arm 2. helps laterally rotate humerus 3. stabilize shoulder joint
pectoralis minor- action
1. involved with protraction/abduction of the scapula 2. elevates ribcage and thus involved with forced inspiration
subscapularis: action(2)
1. medially rotates humerus 2. stabilizes shoulder joint
palmaris brevis: origin
flexor retinaculum
teres major: nerve supply
lower subscapular nerve (C6)
opponens pollicis: action
medially rotates 1st metacarpal
abductor pollicis brevis: nerve supply
median nerve
flexor carpi radialis: nerve supply
median nerve
flexor pollicis brevis: insertion
proximal phalanx of digit 1
extensor indicis: insertion
proximal phalanx of digit 2
abductor digiti minimi: insertion
proximal phalanx of digit 5
palmer interossei: insertion
proximal phalanx of second, fourth and fifth digits
abductor pollicis longus: nerve supply
radial
brachioradialis: nerve supply
radial
extensor carpi radialis brevis: nerve supply
radial
extensor carpi radialis longus: nerve supply
radial
extensor carpi ulnaris: nerve supply
radial
extensor digiti minimi: nerve supply
radial
extensor digitorum maximus: nerve supply
radial
supinator: nerve supply
radial
anconeus: nerve supply
radial nerve
pronator quadratus: insertion
shaft of radius
flexor digitorum profundus: origin
shaft of ulna
pronator quadratus: origin
shaft of ulna
abductor pollicis longus: origin
shaft of ulna and radius
palmaris brevis: insertion
skin of the hypothenar eminence
trapezius- nerve supply
spinal accessory nerve and sensory (C4 and C5)
lumbricals: origin
tendons of flexor digitorum profundus muscle
lumbricals: insertion
tendons of the extensor digitorum muscle
lats: nerve supply
thoracodorsal nerve(C6, C7. C8)
levator scapula: origin
transverse processes of upper cervical vertebrae
opponens pollicis: origin
trapezium
abductor pollicis brevis: origin (2)
trapezium and scaphoid
flexor pollicis brevis: origin (3)
trapezium, trapezoid, capitate
adductor pollicis: origin (4)
trapezoid, capitate, 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
abductor digiti minimi: nerve supply
ulnar
dorsal interossei: nerve supply
ulnar nerve
flexor carpi ulnaris: nerve supply
ulnar nerve
palmaris brevis: nerve supply
ulnar nerve
subscapularis: nerve supply
upper and lower subscapular nerve (C5 and C6)
pectoralis minor- origin
upper ribs
serratus: origin
upper ribs
rhomboid major- insertion
vertebral border of scapula
serratus: insertion
vertebral border of scapula
pectoralis major- action
-entire muslce: 1. adduction and medial rotation of humerus (medial rotation against resistance) 2. forced inspiration by elevating the rib cage when the humerus is fixed -clavicular portion: flexes humerus at shoulder joint -sternocostal portion: extends humerus at shoulder joint (when humerus is in a flexed position)
lumbricals: nerve supply
1 and 2= median nerve 3 and 4= ulnar nerve
deltoid: action (3 parts)
1. Anterior portion- flexes and medially rotates arm 2. Middle portion- abducts arm 3. posterior portion-extends and laterally rotates arm
serratus: actions (3)
1. abduction/protraction of scapula 2. stabilizes the scapula 3. involved with forced inspiration (only when humerus is abducted)
deltoid: origin (3)
1. anterior/clavicular portion: clavicle 2. middle/acromial portion: acromion process of scapula 3. posterior/spinous portion- spine of scapula
trapezius- insertion (2)
1. clavicle 2. acromion process and spine of scapula
pectoralis major- origin (3)
1. clavicle (clavicular region) 2. sternum and upper ribs (sternal-costal portion) 3. tendon of the external oblique muscle (abdominal portion)
rhomboid minor- action (3)
1. elevate and adduct scapula 2. stabilize scapula
leavator scapula- action (3)
1. elevate scapula 2. adducts scapula 3. stabilize scapula
flexor carpi ulnaris: action (2)
1. equal prime mover for flexion of hand at wrist joint 2. adducts hand
lats: action (2)
1. extend, adduct and medially rotate the humerus 2. involved in forced expiration
subclavius- action
1. moves clavicle medially 2. acts as a protective cushion between clavicle and subclavian vessels
pronator teres: action (2)
1. pronates forearm at superior radio-ulnar joint 2. assists flexion at elbow joint
pronator quadratus: action (2)
1. pronation of forearm at inferior radial-ulnar joint 2. helps stabilize the inferior radial-ulnar joint
biceps: origin
1. short head: coracoid process of scapula 2. long head: supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
lats: origin (3)
1. spines of lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae 2. thoracodorsal fascia 3. crest of ilium
trapezius- action
1. stabilizes the scapula 2. upper portion: elevates scapula 3. middle and lower: adducts scapula
trapezius- origin (4)
1. superior nuchel line 2. external occipital protuberance 3. ligamentum nuchae 4. spines of thoracic vertebrae
abductor pollicis longus: action
abducts digit 1 at CM joint
abductor pollicis brevis: action
abducts digit 1 at MP joint
abductor digiti minimi: action
abducts digit 5
adductor pollicis: action
adducts digit 1
deltoid: nerve supply
axillary (C5, C6)
teres minor: origin
axillary border of scapula
coracobrachialis: origin
coracoid process of scapula
pectoralis minor- insertion
coracoid process/scapula
brachialis: insertion
coronoid process of ulna
deltoid: insertion
deltoid tuberosity of humerus
flexor digitorum profundus: insertion
distal phalanges (digit 2-5)
extensor pollicis longus: insertion
distal phalanx of digit 1
flexor pollicis longus: insertion
distal phalanx of digit 1
rhomboid major- nerve supply
dorsal scapular nerve
rhomboid minor- nerve supply
dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
extensor digiti minimi: action
extend digit 5
extensor pollicis longus: action
extends digit 1 at IP joint
extensor pollicis brevis: action
extends digit 1 at MP joint
extensor indicis: action
extends digit 2 at MP joint
anconeus: action
extends forearm
triceps: action
extension of forearm (mostly medial head)
subclavius- origin
first rib
flexor pollicis brevis: action
flexes digit 1 at MP joint
flexor digiti minimi: action
flexes digit 5 at MP joint
brachialis: action
flexes forearm
flexor pollicis longus: action
flexes thumb at IP joint
biceps: action (4)
flexion of forearm at elbow joint supinates the forearm (prime mover) short head: adducts humerus long head: abducts humerus
infraspinatus: insertion
greater tuberosity of humerus
supraspinatus: insertion
greater tuberosity of humerus
teres minor: insertion
greater tuberosity of humerus
flexor digiti minimi: origin
hamate
opponens digiti minimi: origin
hamate
teres major: origin
inferior angle of scapula
lats: insertion
intertubercular groove
anconeus: origin
lateral epicondyle
extensor carpi radialis brevis: origin
lateral epicondyle
extensor carpi ulnaris: origin
lateral epicondyle
extensor digiti minimi: origin
lateral epicondyle
extensor digitorum maximus: origin
lateral epicondyle
extensor carpi radialis longus: origin
lateral epicondyle of humerus
subscapularis: insertion
lesser tuberosity of humerus
serratus: nerve supply
long thoracic (C5, C6, C7)
flexor carpi radialis: origin
medial epicondyle of humerus
flexor digitorum superficialis: origin
medial epicondyle of humerus
palmaris longus: origin
medial epicondyle of humerus
teres major: insertion
medial lip of intertubercular groove (lesser tuberosity)
pectoralis minor- nerve supply
medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)
pectoralis major- nerve supply
medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1) and lateral pectoral nerve (C5, C6, C7)
flexor pollicis longus: nerve supply
median
palmaris longus: nerve supply
median nerve
pronator quadratus: nerve supply
median nerve
pronator teres: nerve supply
median nerve
palmer interossei: origin
metacarpal bone of the digit it moves
flexor digitorum superficialis: insertion
middle phalanges (digits 2-5)
extensor digitorum maximus: insertion
middle phalanx of digits 2-5
biceps: nerve supply
musculocutaneous
brachialis: nerve supply
musculocutaneous
coracobrachialis: nerve supply
musculocutaneous
subclavius- nerve supply
nerve to the subclavius (C5, C6)
abductor digiti minimi: origin
pisiform
flexor carpi ulnaris: insertion (3)
pisiform, hamate and 5th metacarpal
palmaris brevis: action
prevents skin of palm from flattening during a palmer grip
pronator teres: insertion
pronator ridge of radius
abductor pollicis brevis: insertion
proximal phalanx of digit 1
adductor pollicis: insertion
proximal phalanx of digit 1
extensor pollicis brevis: insertion
proximal phalanx of digit 1
extensor indicis: nerve supply
radial
extensor pollicis brevis: nerve supply
radial
extensor pollicis longus: nerve supply
radial
supinator: insertion
shaft of radius
extensor indicis: origin
shaft of ulna
extensor pollicis longus: origin
shaft of ulna
brachioradialis: insertion
styloid process of radius
subclavius- insertion
subclavian groove/clavicle
subscapularis: origin
subscapular fossa of scapula
levator scapula: insertion
superior angle of scapula
supinator: action
supinates forearm
flexor digiti minimi: nerve supply
ulnar
opponens digiti minimi: nerve supply
ulnar
palmer interossei: nerve supply
ulnar
flexor digitorum profundus: nerve supply
ulnar and median nerve
adductor pollicis: nerve supply
ulnar nerve
supinator: origin (2)
1. lateral epicondyle 2. supinator crest of ulna
teres minor: action (2)
1. laterally rotate humerus 2. stabilize shoulder joint
infraspinatus: action (2)
1. laterally rotates humerus 2. stabilizes shoulder joint
triceps: origin
1. long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula 2. lateral head: shaft of humerus 3. medial head: shaft of humerus
pronator teres: origin (2)
1. medial epicondyle of humerus 2. coronoid process of ulna
flexor carpi ulnaris: origin (2)
1. medial epicondyle of humerus 2. olecranon process of ulna
dorsal interossei: origin
2, 3, 4 metacarpals
flexor digitorum superficialis: nerve supply
median nerve
opponens pollicis: nerve supply
median nerve
anconeus: insertion
olecranon process of ulna
triceps: insertion
olecranon process of ulna
palmaris longus: insertion
palmer aponeurosis
extensor digiti minimi: insertion
proximal phalanx of digit 5
flexor digiti minimi: insertion
proximal phalanx of digit 5
triceps: nerve supply
radial nerve
brachialis: origin
shaft of humerus
coracobrachialis: insertion
shaft of humerus
extensor pollicis brevis: origin
shaft of radius
flexor pollicis longus: origin
shaft of radius
rhomboid minor- origin
spine of lower cervical and T1
rhomboid major- origin
spine of upper thoracics
rhomboid minor- insertion
vertebral border or scapula
biceps: insertion (2)
1. tuberosity of radius 2. shaft of ulna
rhomboid major- action (3)
1.elevate and adducts scapula 2. stabilize scapula
abductor pollicis longus: insertion
1st metacarpal
opponens pollicis: insertion
1st metacarpal
extensor carpi radialis longus: insertion
2nd metacarpal
flexor carpi radialis: insertion
2nd metacarpal with small slip to 3rd
extensor carpi radialis brevis: insertion
3rd metacarpal
extensor carpi ulnaris: insertion
5th metacarpal
opponens digiti minimi: insertion
5th metacarpal
pectoralis major- insertion
greater tubercle (lateral lip of intertubercular groove/humerus)
infraspinatus: origin
infraspinous fossa of scapula
brachioradialis: origin
lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
opponens digiti minimi: action
laterally rotates 5th metacarpal
dorsal interossei: insertion
proximal phalanx of digits 2, 3, 4
infraspinatus: nerve supply
suprascapular nerve
supraspinatus: nerve supply
suprascapular nerve (C5, C6)
supraspinatus: origin
supraspinous fossa of scapula
flexor pollicis brevis: nerve supply
ulnar and median nerve