Gross Anatomy - Original Qs 1-37 - Final Exam

OQ 2 *All the following are characteristic of the leg Except:* A. It is divided into two fascial compartments by septae off the crural fascia. B. Each of the compartments contains major nerve in their territory. C. All muscles of the leg act on the ankle joint except one. D. The medial surface of the leg is innervated by branches of the femoral nerve. E. Unlike the tibia, the fibula is surrounded by the muscles of the leg.

A. It is divided into *three* fascial compartments by septae off the crural fascia. *anterior, posterior, and lateral*

OQ 35 *Which of the following is characteristic of the lateral plantar nerve?* A. it innervates all of the interosseous muscles B. it innervates the muscles of the big toe compartment C. it typically provides cutaneous innervation to the plantar surface of the lateral 3 1/2 toes D. it does not innervate the muscles of the little toe compartment E. passes superficial (inferior) to the flexor digitorum brevis.

A. it innervates all of the interosseous muscles The 3 plantar & 4 dorsal interossei are among the 13 of the total 18 intrinsic muscles of the foot that Lateral Plantar nerve innervates

OQ4 *The plantar interossei muscles possess which of the following characteristics?* A. they have an important role in metatarsophalageal flexion B. they insert on the medial side of the extensor expansion for toes 2,3,4,& 5 C. they arise from the lateral side of corresponding metatarsal bones D. they innervated by medial plantar nerve E. B and D of the above are correct.

A. they have an important role in metatarsophalageal flexion

OQ 33 *Behind the medial malleolus, the tendons of the deep posterior compartment muscles of the leg are found in the following medial to lateral (or anterior to posterior) sequence:* A. tibialis posterior-flexor digitorum longus-flexor hallucis longus B. tibialis anterior- flexor digitorum longus- flexor hallucis longus C. flexor digitorum longus-tibialis posterior-flexor hallucis longus D. flexor digitorum longus-flexor hallucis longus-tibialis anterior E. tibialis posterior-flexor hallucis longus-flexor digitorum longus

A. tibialis posterior-flexor digitorum longus-flexor hallucis longus

OQ 5 *Which of the following pair of muscles in addition to other actions, laterally rotate the thigh?* A. Piriformis & gluteus minimus B. gluteus maximus & obturator internus C. adductor longus & tensor fascia latae D. quadratus femoris & gracilis E. all of the above can do this movement

B. gluteus maximus & obturator internus. *True- Both of these 2 muscles can laterally rotate the thigh

OQ 1 *All of the following are true Except:* A. the posterior tibial artery along with its branches supplies almost all muscles of posterior and lateral fascial compartments of the leg as well as structures of the plantar region of the foot. B. the obturator artery arises from the internal iliac artery and supplies the muscles of the medial thigh and gives off important branches to the knee joint. C. the profunda femoris artery is a major supplier of posterior thigh compartment D. the lateral femoral circumflex artery usually arises from the profunda femoris artery. E. the femoral artery begins as a continuation of the external iliac artery below the inguinal ligament, along with its branches, supplies almost the entire lower limb.

B. the obturator artery arises from the internal iliac artery and supplies the muscles of the medial thigh and gives off important branches to the *hip joint *

OQ 25 *Which of the following muscles is not paired with the nerve that innervates it?* A. gluteus minimus - superior gluteal n B. superior gemellus - nerve to obturator internus C. gluteus maximus - superior gluteal n D. piriformis - branch of sacral plexus from S1 and S2 E. tensor fascia latae - superior gluteal n

C. gluteus maximus - superior gluteal n Gluteus maximus - *Inferior* gluteal n.

OQ 26 *Which of the following statements about the femoral triangle is correct?* A. its lateral border is formed by the iliopsoas muscle B. within it the femoral vein enters the lower limb by passing through the saphenous opening C. within it femoral nerve is lateral to femoral artery D. the adductor brevis muscle form its medial border E. within it the femoral vein is lateral to femoral nerve

C. within it femoral nerve is lateral to femoral artery * Femoral triangle structures (Lateral to Medial): N for Femoral nerve A for the Femoral Artery V for the Femoral Vein L for the deep Inguinal Lymph nodes and vessels A. its lateral border is formed by the *sartorius* B. *g. saphenous vein* enters the lower limb by passing through the saphenous opening D. the adductor *longus* muscle forms its medial border E. within it the femoral vein is *medial* to femoral nerve

OQ 7 *The sciatic nerve:* A. exits the pelvis through the lesser sciatic foramen B. is typically formed by the L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3 dorsal rami C. is actually two nerves, the tibial and medial sural nerves D. emerges lateral to the inferior gluteal nerve E. none of the above is true

D. emerges lateral to the inferior gluteal nerve (most lateral nerve in gluteal region) A. exits the pelvis through the *greater* sciatic foramen B. is typically formed by the L4, L5, S1, S2, and S3 *ventral* rami C. is actually two nerves, the tibial and *common peroneal* nerves

OQ 3 *Which of the following sets of muscle tendons help in inversion of the foot at the subtalar joints?* A. Tibialis posterior, biceps femoris & gastrocnemius B. flexor hallucis longus, semitendinosus & plantaris C. flexor digitorum longus, semitendinosus & soleus D. flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus & tibialis posterior E. all of the above

D. flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus & tibialis posterior

OQ 19 *The peroneal artery arises from the:* A. anterior tibial artery B. femoral artery C. obturator artery D. posterior tibial artery

D. posterior tibial artery *Peroneal Artery* is a major branch of the *posterior tibial artery* that runs down between Flexor hallucis Longus and Tibialis Posterior muscles in posterior compartment of the leg

OQ 11 *All the following thigh muscles insert on tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament except:* A. gracilis B. vastus medialis C. rectus femoris D. vastus intermedius E. vastus laterali

*A. gracilis* *This muscle is among the other 2 components of Pes Anserinus, that inserts into the proximal tibia, just medial to the tibial tuberosity

OQ 9 *Which of the following nerve transmits sensory information from a large area of the dorsum of the foot?* A. superficial peroneal B. sural C. lateral plantar D. saphenous E. deep peroneal

*A. superficial peroneal* This nerve innervates the majority of the dorsum of the foot sural = dorsolateral aspect of the foot. lateral plantar = does not innervate the dorsum of the foot at all saphenous = dorsomedial aspect of the foot. deep peroneal = web between the great and second toes

OQ 32 *Injury to the common peroneal nerve as it winds around the upper end of the fibula will result in:* A. a severe loss in plantar flexion of the foot B. a severe loss in the dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot C. a sensory loss for the entire dorsal surface of the toes D. a loss in flexion at the metatarsophalageal joints E. no significant impairment of movement at the ankle

*B. a severe loss in the dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot. * All the muscles that are involved in dorsiflexion and eversion of the foot are innervated by the two terminal branches of the Common Peroneal Nerve. Therefore, if common peroneal nerve is injured that means both Superficial & Deep Peroneal Nerves will lose their function.

OQ 22 *When a football player is tackled from the side, all the following knee structures are most likely to be injured except:* A. medial meniscus B. fibular collateral ligament C. tibial collateral ligament D. anterior cruciate ligament E. none of the above

*B. fibular collateral ligament* This ligament is not going to be damaged from the above mentioned blow

OQ 12 *The muscles that are the major abductors of the thigh at the hip are:* A. piriformis & superior gemellus B. gluteus minimus & medius C. tensor fascia latae & adductor magnus D. quadratus femoris & obturator internus E. gluteus maximus & biceps femoris

*B. gluteus minimus & medius* These 2 muscles are the main abductors of the thigh (Also tensor fascia lata)

OQ 21 *Which of the following landmark is common to both gluteus maximus and tensor fascia latae?* A. pes anserinus B. iliotibial tract C. linea aspera D. ischial tuberosity E. greater trochanter

*B. iliotibial tract* *It is this lateral part of Fascia Lata (Iliotibial Tract) that both, Tensor Fascia Latae and the upper 3/4 of Gluteus Maximus insert into

OQ 36 *All of the following statements correctly describe the obturator nerve except:* A. it derives from anterior divisions of several of the ventral primary rami making up the lumbar plexus. B. it innervates the obturator internus muscle while running through its fascia. C. it travels through the obturator canal to reach and innervate the adductor muscles. D. it divides into anterior and posterior branches. E. its anterior branch is found deep to adductor longus muscle.

*B. it innervates the obturator internus muscle while running through its fascia* Obturator Internus muscle is innervated by Nerve to Obturator Internus and Superior Gemellus, which is a branch of the Sacral Plexus. However, Obturator Nerve innervates the Obturator Externus muscle

OQ 31 *Which of the following statements about the fascia lata is not true?* A. it is deep fascia of the thigh B. it is thickened along the medial thigh to form the iliotibial tract C. the tensor fascia lata muscle is entirely enclosed within it D. it participates in forming the patellar retinaculum over the knee E. it is attached to the femur by means of intermuscular septa

*B. it is thickened along the medial thigh to form the iliotibial tract. * Fascia Lata gets thicker along the *Lateral* side of the thigh to form the Iliotibial Tract

OQ 8 *Which of the following muscles does Not belong to the intrinsic muscles of the foot?* A. flexor digitorum brevis B. plantaris C. adductor hallucis D. quadratus plantae E. abductor hallucis

*B. plantaris* Plantaris is among the leg muscles that act on the foot, therefore, it is an *EXTRINSIC* and not intrinsic muscle of the foot

OQ 16 *All the muscles that dorsiflex the foot at the ankle joint, receive innervation from this nerve:* A. common peroneal B. tibial C. deep peroneal D. lateral plantar E. superficial peroneal

*C. deep peroneal* It is this branch of Common Peroneal nerve that innervates all the dorsiflexors of the foot

OQ 24 *The structure palpated between the extensor hallucis longus tendon and the extensor digitorum longus tendon just anterior and distal to the ankle is:* A. greater saphenous vein B. peroneus tertius tendon C. dorsalis pedis artery D. soleus E. biceps femoris

*C. dorsalis pedis artery* It is this Artery which is located between the above mentioned tendons

OQ 18 *The lesser saphenous vein usually drains into the:* A. femoral artery B. femoral vein C. popliteal vein D. obturator vein E. posterior tibial vein

*C. popliteal vein*

OQ 15 *The plantar arterial arch is typically completed on its medial side by:* {It is better to say that: plantar arterial arch is typically Formed on the medial side and is completed on the Lateral side of the foot} A. the peroneal artery B. the posterior tibial artery C. the deep plantar branch of the dorsalis pedis artery D. the lateral malleolar branch of the dorsalis pedis artery E. the medial plantar artery

*C. the deep plantar branch of the dorsalis pedis artery * It is this terminal branch of Dorsalis Pedis Artery that dives deep into the foot, and arches laterally between 3rd & 4th muscle layers to meet with deep branch of Lateral Plantar Artery

OQ 30 *Which of the following statements about the popliteal fossa is correct?* A. it is roofed by the iliotibial tract B. within it the greater saphenous vein drains into the popliteal vein C. within it the popliteal artery & vein typically lie deep (anterior) to the tibial nerve D. the popliteus muscle passes between the popliteal artery and vein E. within it the common peroneal nerve is medial to the tibial nerve

*C. within it the popliteal artery & vein typically lie deep (anterior) to the tibial nerve* When you look into the fossa, on a prone cadaver, you may see Popliteal Vessels deep and in front of the Tibial Nerve

OQ 10 *In the posterior thigh compartment, the muscle that laterally rotates the flexed leg at the knee joint is innervated by ................. nerve.* A. Posterior femoral cutaneous B. only the tibial component of sciatic C. obturator, posterior division D. both common peroneal and tibial parts of sciatic E. none of the above

*D. both common peroneal and tibial parts of sciatic* The *long head* of the BICEPS FEMORIS, which is part of the hamstring group, is innervated by the Tibial, and the *short head*, which is not part of the hamstring group, is innervated by the Common Peroneal

OQ 29 *Which of the following statement is not true about the quadriceps femoris muscle?* A. all four heads are innervated by the femoral nerve B. the muscle is the major extensor at the knee C. the muscle can produce flexion at the hip D. it is located in the medial thigh compartment E. it lies anteromedial to the iliotibial tract

*D. it is located in the medial thigh compartment* The Quadriceps Femoris is located in the *anterior* Thigh Compartment

OQ 23 *Which of the following muscle is not associated to the popliteal fossa?* A. semimembranosus B. gastrocnemius C. popliteus D. soleus E. biceps femoris

*D. soleus* This muscle is located *just inferior * to the popliteal fossa, and since is not making any of the boundaries or any of the contents of the fossa, therefore it is NOT associated to the above fossa

OQ 13 *Which of the following muscle's tendon that pass underneath the extensor retinaculum, insert on the same tarsal and metatarsal bones that peroneus longus muscle does?* A. extensor digitorum brevis B. extensor hallucis longus C. extensor digitorum longus D. tibialis anterior E. abductor hallucis

*D. tibialis anterior* Tibialis Anterior tendon breaks into 2 slips and inserts, along with Peroneus Longus into the medial cuneiform bone and the base of first metatarsal bone.

OQ 34 *The peroneus/fibularis longus muscle:* A. is innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve B. inserts on the first cuneiform and the base of the first metatarsal C. plays a small role in plantar flexion as one of its actions D. has its tendon pass posterior to the lateral malleolus E. all of the above are correct

*E. all of the above are correct*

OQ 17 *Which of the following describe(s) the tibial collateral ligament of the knee joint?* A. is reinforced by the tendons of the adductor magnus and vastus medialis B. it is separated from the meniscus by the proximal part of Popliteus muscle C. extends from the femoral epicondyle to the tibial tuberosity D. has the same function as the anterior cruciate ligament E. is tightly connected to the medial meniscus

*E. is tightly connected to the medial meniscus*

OQ 14 *The lumbrical muscles possess the following characteristics except:* A. they have an important role in metatarsophalageal flexion B. they insert on the medial side of the extensor expansion for toes 2-5 C. they arise from the tendons of flexor digitorum longus D. the first (medial) is innervated by lateral, and the other lateral three, by medial plantar nerve E. they have an important role in interphalangeal extension

D. the first (medial) is innervated by lateral, and the other lateral three, by medial plantar nerve. The first lumbrical is innervated by the *Medial*, and the other 3 by the *Lateral* Plantar nerve

OQ 20 *Which of the following muscle (s) is/are innervated by two different nerves?* A. adductor magnus B. adductor brevis C. biceps femoris D. Pectineus E. A, C, and D are correct

E. A, C, and D are correct *adductor magnus:* Obturator (Oblique Fibers), and Tibial (Vertical Fibers) *pectineus:* Femoral & Obturator nerves *biceps femoris:* Tibial (Long Head), and Common Peroneal (Short Head) *adductor brevis:* The Anterior division of Obturator

OQ 6 *Saphenous nerve, which is one of the branches of femoral nerve in femoral triangle, along its course through the thigh, it:* A. lies superficially along with the great saphenous vein B. gives off cutaneous branches to the anterior aspect of the thigh C. contained within the femoral canal D. accompanies the profunda femoris vessels E. none of the above

E. None of the above A. False- Saphenous nerve is *deep* in the thigh and is not associated with great saphenous vein in this area. B. False- Saphenous *does not innervate* the skin of the thigh. C. False- Saphenous nerve is not a component of femoral canal *Adductor canal* D. False- In the thigh, saphenous nerve accompanies the *femoral vessels* but NOT profunda femoris vessels.

OQ 37 *Which of these muscles only acts across (i.e., crosses) one joint:* A. gracilis B. gastrocnemius C. extensor digitorum longus D. semimembranosus E. adductor longus

E. adductor longus Across the hip gracilis: hip and knee gastrocnemius: knee and ankle extensor digitorum longus: several foot joints semimembranosus: hip and knee

OQ 28 *The ischiocondylar part of the adductor magnus:* A. form the medial border of the adductor hiatus B. inserts on the adductor tubercle of the femur C. is innervated by a branch of the tibial nerve D. acts to extend the thigh at the hip E. all of the above are correct

E. all of the above are correct

OQ 27 *Which of the following muscle is the main key landmark of the gluteal region?* A. gluteus maximus B. gluteus minimus C. obturator internus D. quadratus femoris E. piriformis

E. piriformis Majority of the nerves and Blood vessels of the region are located on both sides of this muscle. Therefore, this muscle is being used as a land mark by clinicians to localize different structures of the region