Group Dynamics: Final Exam Review

Which of the following statements is true? - Tend and befriend reactions are more likely when the threat is imminent. -Fight or flight is an individual response to threat, not a group response. - Fight or flight is an interpersonal response, rather than a physiological one. -A flight reaction to threat, as displayed by a group, involves an organized escape from danger.

A flight reaction to threat, as displayed by a group, involves an organized escape from danger.

Which of the following best summarizes the basic idea behind the Thomas Theorem?

A group that is thought to be real will have real effects on its members.

Which of the following is NOT one of the key characteristics of a group? -Interaction among members -Degree of unity - Group structure - A leader is present

A leader is present.

Will describes himself as warm, sympathetic, and not at all critical or quarrelsome. Will is high in...

Agreeableness.

Rupert is opposed to his government's involvement in a foreign war. He is more likely to join an organize movement protesting the war if he is....

Angered by his government's actions.

Which of the following is NOT one of the SYMLOG dimensions? - Assertive/unassertive -Friendly/unfriendly -Dominance/submission - Instrumentally controlled/emotionally expressive

Assertive/unassertive

Which of the following is NOT one of the dimensions of personality in the Big Five Theory? - Openness to experience -agreeableness - conscientiousness - assertiveness

Assertiveness.

Certain types of groups structures are.....

Associated with higher levels of cohesiveness.

Social Cohesion is multileveled: it includes....

Attraction to individuals and attraction to the group as a whole.

Tactics such as persuasion, discussion, and bargaining are ____ because they require cooperation between both parties.

Bilateral.

A researcher investigates the relationship between cohesiveness and team performance by studying the 1960 Pittsburgh Pirates baseball team. This method is called...

Case study.

Individuals who live in New York are called New Yorkers. New Yorkers are a.....

Category.

Which of the following is highest in entitativity? - Class of 2018 - Cheerleaders cheering - African Americans in Virginia - Lawyers

Cheerleaders cheering.

A fraternity, professional sports teams, the supreme court, and the board of directors for a company are all examples of _____ groups.

Closed.

______ groups tend to be cohesive than ______ groups.

Closed; open

The more independence required by a group task, the more.....

Cohesion increases productivity.

A line of people waiting to get into the movies is an example of a.....

Collective.

Which type of group tends to be shortest in duration?

Collectives.

Audiences and crowds are to ____ as coworkers, sports teams, and study groups are to _____

Collectives; Social groups

You do not like pizza but you like soup. But you go ahead and agree to eat pizza when the group pressures you to order pizza and not soup. After the meal, you still dislike pizza but don't tell the group. This response is BEST described as:

Compliance.

When trying to concentrate, which sound do people have the hardest time ignoring?

Conversation.

Fred decides that other group members are right, so he changes his mind and comes to believe in the group's position. This change is BEST described as:

Conversion.

You wish to determine, as precisely as possible, the strength of the relationships between two variables. You will most likely conduct a _____ study.

Correlational.

A loud voice, interrupting others, and sitting at the head of the table are all examples of ______ behavior.

Dominance.

If one wishes to draw a cause-effect conclusion, then one should use ______ methods.

Experimental.

William is the recognized whiz in the office when it comes to computer programming, so his influence over others is considerable. William has _____ power.

Expert.

Which of the following terms does NOT directly refer to group structure? - Extraversion - Norms - Attraction relations - Role

Extraversion.

T or F: By definition, groups involve face-to-face interaction, so online gatherings are not true groups.

False

T or F: Those with a high need for power are so individualistics they do not actively seek out groups.

False.

The agentic state occurs when individuals....

Feel that they must carry out the orders of a higher authority.

The stages in Tuckman's (1965) group development model are, in order:

Forming, storming, norming, performing, adjourning.

Comparing ourselves to others who are performing better than we are _____, but comparing ourselves to others who are performing worse than we are _____.

Gives us hope; raises our self esteem

Elizabeth measures how groups change and evolve over time. She studies....

Group development.

According to the multi-level approach to groups.....

Group processes depend on individual, group, and cultural factors.

The 1980 U.S. Olympic hockey team is played its games in hock rinks. The Rattlers and the Eagles camped at Robbers Cave State Park. The Apollo 13 crew lived in the Aquarius lunar module. These examples illustrate......

Groups in environmental contexts.

The exam that you are currently taking is a very measurement of people's knowledge of group dynamics. People who know the material get high scores and those who do not tend to miss many items. This exa is....

High in validity.

Which of the following statements is false? - No one definition can capture the many nuances of the word group -Some definitions of the concept of group stress the importance of communication or mutual influence -The minimal number of members needed for true group is debated, with some definitions requiring three members but others only two. - If individuals cannot communicate with each other, then they are not a group.

If individuals cannot communicate with each other, then they are not a group.

Which of the following is NOT one of the major dimensions that defines the differences among various types of power tactices?

Implicit vs. Explicit

Minorities influence group members through _____ influence

Indirect.

Which of the following statements is NOT true? - Collectivists emphasize respect for authority figures. -Individuals make decisions based on their attitudes, beliefs, and preferences. -Collectivists make decisions based on social norms and compromises. - Individualists actively avoid disagreement and dissent within the group.

Individualists actively avoid disagreement and dissent within the group.

Which of the following statements is true? -The idea that people are more difficult to defeat if they are on their home turf is a myth. - People working with others on a cooperative task are more dominant if they must venture away from their home territory. -Playing at home is a disadvantage in most sports. -Individuals seem to gain strength and resolve when the dispute takes place on their home territory.

Individuals seem to gain strength and resolve when the dispute takes place on their home territory.

Which of the following statements is true? -Individuals sometimes prefer to be alone, often reporting they find it "rejuvenating" - People isolated for long amounts of time write about the benefits of seclusion - Telling individuals, they will live their rest of their life alone does not bother them - Rational thought and cognitive abilities are unaffected by being isolated.

Individuals sometimes prefer to be alone, often reporting they find it "rejuvenating" .

Which of the following statements is true? - Individuals who are shy are evaluated more positively in eastern cultures than western ones. - People raised in western cultures, such as the U.S. and England, do not seek out close relationships with other people. -Groups composed of individuals from western cultures prefer members who are both strong and passive rather than dynamic and agreeable -Social anxiety is a positive quality in Eastern Cultures but a negative quality in Western Cultures.

Individuals who are shy are evaluated more positively in eastern cultures than western ones.

Social _____ is an interpersonal process that changes the thoughts, feelings, or behaviors of another person.

Influence.

According to the text, ____ norms include an evaluative component.

Injunctive.

Which of the following statements is FALSE? - Across all cultures, extraverts have higher levels of positive affect than introverts do. - Introverts that act introverted are happier than when acting extraverted. - Extraverts tend to be happier than introverts when involved with groups. -Extraverts tend to be more sensitive to rewarding experiences.

Introverts that act introverted are happier than when acting extraverted.

The idea of entitativity suggests people will be referred to as a "group" if the aggregate....

Is perceived to be a single, unified whole.

Through election, I am unanimously selected to be leader. I have _____ power.

Legitimate.

Which of the following statements is true? - When group members have opposite qualities, their groups tend to be cohesive and long lasting. - Liking tends to be reciprocal: We like who likes us. - We grow to dislike people who we are exposed to repeatedly. - A surprisingly large number of people prefer to join groups that punish rather than reward them.

Liking tends to be reciprocal: We like who likes us.

Schachter's experiments on affiliation suggest misery....

Loves miserable company.

According to equilibrium theory, if the groups discussion begins to get intense, you will probably....

Make less eye contact with one another.

Which of the following is NOT a key element in the definition of a group? -Two or more members -Members share some characteristic, such as eye color or date of birth -Interpersonal connections among members - Some type of bond that links the members to the group itself

Members share some characteristics, such as eye color or date of birth.

Which statement describes a group at the orientation, or forming, stage of development?

Members tend to go alone with whatever the leader suggests.

Which of the following statements is least accurate? - Human beings are, by nature, a social species. - Baumeister and Leary maintain that the need to belong causes people to seek out and maintain relationships with others. -People sometimes find that they are more creative when isolated from others. -Most people report that they would prefer to live alone rather than with other people.

Most people report that they would prefer to live alone rather than with other people.

I am domineering, unfriendly, negative, egocentric, provocative, and a show off. I get high scores on the ______ subscale of SYMLOG.

Negative.

Dr. Bynamic studies groups performance by watching same - and mixed-sex groups in the library, and recording how much time they spend talking versus studying. Bynamic is using an _____ measurement method.

Observational.

The Hawthorne effect would likely be greatest in a _____ study.

Overt observational.

A male researcher joins two different clubs -- one containing all males and the other both males and females -- and secretly takes notes on the group dynamics. This study is an example of....

Participant observation.

The concepts of need for affiliation and need for power are similar in that both assume that ...

People join groups to satisfy basic needs.

Which of the following statements is true? - People who are excluded show neurological reactions that are like those from physical pain. - The two basic responses to exclusion are freezing up and expressing anger. - People are not able to reflect, rationally, on the causes of their exclusion from groups. - Research suggests that exclusion from online computer based groups yield none of the negative effects seen in rejection from face-to-face groups.

People who are excluded show neurological reactions that are like those from physical pain.

Which of the following is not one of the four basic types of groups? - Primary Groups - Collectives - Personal Groups - Categories

Personal groups.

Shannon takes her family to church on Sunday. She makes sure that her family sits quietly during mass. She believes that religion will teach her children strong moral values. Shannon's family is a......... -Primary group -Social Group - Self - Organizing group - Essential group

Primary group.

You wish to understand a group's composition. You should therefore study the...

Qualities of the members of the group.

The encourager, harmonizer, and compromiser are examples of _____ roles.

Relationship.

Most roles fit into one of the two broad categories: _____ roles and _____ roles.

Relationship; task

A measure that consistently yields the same conclusion at different times is......

Reliable.

The seat you habitually use in a classroom is, in Altman's terms, a _______ territory.

Secondary.

Interviews, surveys, and sociometry are examples of _____ techniques.

Self - report.

_____ loneliness is to a lack of friends as _____ loneliness is to a lack of intimacy.

Social ; emotional

_________ is the degree to which a person is linked to other people in social relationships that yield positive, productive benefits.

Social capital.

Liking for groups is ____ cohesion, whereas high levels of goal focused team work is ___ cohesion.

Social; Task

I feel tense and uncomfortable around people, and I worry people are always judging me. I get "butterflies" when I must meet new people, and worry that I will say something dumb or insulting. I am....

Socially anxious.

Nadia, who is very intelligent, is also an athlete. She knows that most people's stereotypes about athletes describe them as not very smart. Before giving an oral presentation in class, she begins to worry that people will judge her negatively because of their stereotypes about athletes. Because of this worry, she makes several mistakes during her presentation. Which term best describes Nadia's experience?

Stereotype threat.

You note that Don is the leader, LaDelle complies with the group's norms, and Don is well liked by LaDelle but not by Gregory. You are describing the group's....

Structure.

The group is high in _____ cohesion, for all the members are personally committed to doing their part to help the group reach its goals.

Task.

Jill thinks that mixed-sex groups (ones with both males and females) make better decisions than same - sex groups. Therefore, she creates ten mixed sex groups and ten same sex groups, and asks them to answer a series of math problems. In this study, the independent variable is.....

The composition of the groups (same sex or mixed sex).

Which of the following qualities is typically found in a social group? -Members are strongly committed to the group and rarely leave the group once they join it -The members know each other very well, and share intimate details with one another -The group meets only briefly, then disperses and does not reassemble -The members interact with one another over an extended period

The members interact with one another over an extended period.

An initiation becomes a form of hazing when....

The process exposes the new member to unwarranted risk of harm.

The study of groups is called group dynamics because....

The term notes the powerful processes that influence people in groups over time.

A multicomponent approach to cohesion assumes...

There is no single sufficient condition that, when present, will generate group cohesion.

T or F: Entitativity is a group's perceived cohesiveness.

True

T or F: Experimental methods support casual conclusions.

True.

T or F: In general, upward social comparisons lower self esteem and downward social comparisons increase self esteem.

True.

T or F: Men often refuse to conform in face to face settings to demonstrated their independence.

True.

T or F: Self - report measures are best used when collecting data on personality and feelings --- areas where the participants are willing to disclose their personal attitudes and opinions.

True.

T or F: The similarity principle is the tendency for people to prefer the company of those who are like themselves.

True.

T or F: Women are more likely to join smaller, more supportive groups than men.

True.

T or F: In general, cohesive groups outperform groups without cohesion.

True. `

Collective cohesion is to ______ as structural cohesion is to _______.

Unity; stability