Group Dynamics Test 1

Newcomb's (1961) research supports the adage​

"birds of a feather flock together."

Which is not consistent with Kipling Williams investigations of reactions to ostracism

Both men and women blamed themselves for being ostrasized from the group

Which statement is consistent with an evolutionary view of groups?

Evidence suggests that cooperative group life is a more evolutionary stable strategy than competition and individualism

A bona fide group is a group that is concocted in the laboratory using both reliable and valid methods and tools

False

A qualitative study is a better "quality" study because it's results can be described numerically.

False

According to Leary, the opposite of maximum inclusion is total ambivalence

False

According to the sociometer model, self-esteem indicates the extent to which a person feels he or she is a person of worth

False

Although most people enjoy the company of others for limited periods of time, it is generally accepted that human beings are individualistic and private by nature

False

Although there is a minimum size of groups (4 people), there is no limit to the maximum number within a group.​

False

Groups, by definition, involve face-to-face interaction, so online gatherings are not true groups.​

False

Groupthink is a scientifically verified method for increasing a group's creativity.​

False

In collectivism the needs of the individual are emphasized as individuals need to collect primary resources to survive and reproduce

False

Individuals often identify with a group they belong to, but they do not identify with social categories to which they belong.

False

Interaction increases attraction in face-to-face groups, but it reduces attraction when people interact in online groups.​

False

Of the five basic dimensions of personality identified in Big Five Theory, Agreeableness is the one that best predicts who will join a group and who will remain apart.

False

Perceivers from western cultures admire the shy individualist, whereas those from eastern cultures rate extraverts more positively than introverts.

False

Perpetrators of extreme violence in schools (shootings) tended to be popular but had recently experienced a social setback

False

Roles, norms, and intermember relations make up a group's task interaction.​

False

Storming is the final stage in group development that entails individuals "storming" out of the group.​

False

The independent variable in the Lewin, Lippitt, and White study was productivity when working in groups.

False

The strongest correlation is +1 meaning that X perfectly predicts Y, and the weakest correlation is -1 meaning X is unrelated to Y

False

The term group dynamics refers to psychology's resolution to strengthen the power of groups in therapy.​

False

Those with a high need for power are so individualistic they do not actively seek out groups.​

False

William Foote Whyte used covert observational measures to study corner gangs.​

False

​ The three basic needs satisfied by group membership according to the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation theory are; happiness, relationality, and intellectual stimulation.

False

Studies of inclusion and exclusion indicate that

Inclusion-exclusion is a continuum rather than an either-or-process

Susan recently logged on to a chat room and started "chatting". However, no one in the online group paid any attention to her. Studies on cyberostracism suggest that susan will most likely

Increase the amount of communication to the group

Which of the following is NOT true

Individualists actively avoid disagreement and dissent within the group

___ refers to general feelings of apprehension and embarrassment experienced when anticipating or actually interacting with other people.​

Social anxiety

A group is two or more individuals who are connected to one another by and within social relationships.​

True

A measure can be reliable without being valid.​

True

A psychology major who automatically favor psychology majors over other majors has succumbed to the ingroup-outgroup bias

True

As an individual begins to identify more with groups, how they view themselves becomes more depersonalized

True

Experimental methods support causal conclusions.

True

Groups tend to display tend-and-befriend responses to long-term, rather than imminent, threats.

True

Hawthorne effects are less likely when researchers use covert observational methods.

True

Self-report measures are best used when collecting data on personality and feelings where the participants are willing to disclose their personal attitudes and opinions.

True

The elaboration principle states that groups expand from smaller dyadic relationships.

True

When researchers studied college students who did and did not join groups in college they discovered that positive experiences in groups in high school was a key predictor of joining groups in college.

True

​ Social comparison is a method of reducing uncertainty by comparing oneself to others

True

Which is NOT a question currently studied by groups researchers?​

When does a groupmind develop and what impact does it have on members?

Individuals who live in New York are called New Yorkers. New Yorkers are​

a category.

I value my relationships with others and spend time maintaining them. When asked to take pictures that say "who I am," I tend to include pictures of myself with other people. I prefer smaller, more intimate groups to larger, more formal ones. I am likely

a woman.

Researchers have studied the effects of ostracism by

all of the above are methods used by researchers to study exclusion

How many bidirectional relationships would be needed to link all members of a 20-person group?​

almost 200

Sherif demonstrated that norms​

are social standards that exist apart from each member.

A researcher investigates the relationship between cohesiveness and team performance by studying the 1960 Pittsburgh Pirates baseball team. This method is called​

case study.

The largest percentage of Americans, when surveyed about the groups they belong to, reported membership in - related groups

church

Which of the following supports the idea that groups shape society?​

collection of individuals deciding on a criminal sentence. Individuals reaffirming their morals in organized religious groups.​ ​Congress discussing, developing, and voting on federal funding. ​All of the above. Students learning in a classroom instead of at home. ALL OF THE ABOVE

A line of people waiting to get into the movies is an example of a​

collective

Audiences, bystanders and crowds are to __ as coworkers, sports teams, and study groups are to __.​

collectives; social groups

Dale, who is outgoing but not exceptionally bright, is best friends with Chip, who is a straight "A" student but rather shy. Their relationship supports the ___ hypothesis.

complementarity

You wish to determine, as precisely as possible, the strength of the relationship between two variables. You will most likely conduct a(n) ___ study

correlational

Ed tends toward collectivism, rather than individualism. He will likely

describe himself in terms of roles and relations rather than personal attributes

Cynthia is distressed because she has no best friend or lover, whereas Andrew suffers because he has few friends pr acquaintances. Cynthia is experiencing - and Andrew is experiencing -

emotional loneliness; social loneliness

You randomly assign 40 groups to two conditions: 20 groups are told they failed a task, and 20 are told they did well. Next, you have them complete a questionnaire measure of cohesiveness. You are carrying out a(n) ___ study.

experimental

This examination is a very good measure of people's knowledge of group dynamics. People who know the material get the questions correct, and those who don't tend to miss many items. This test is​

high in validity.

Donald decides that he wants to do more for the group. He starts helping other people by taking on some of their work and organizing funding raisers to raise money. Donald is providing ___ support for the group and its members.

instrumental

According to Leary's sociometer model, self-esteem

is based on self-appraisals of worth

The idea of entitativity suggests a people will be referred to as a "group" if the aggregate​

is perceived to be a single, unified whole.

​ Ruth took the Group Process Skill Inventory (the GPSI) on October 10th. If she got the same score when she took the GPSI again on October 20th, her responses would suggest that the test

is reliable

​ According to the text, which one is NOT a key element in the definition of a group?

members share some characteristic, such as eye color or gender

Interdependence, a key quality of groups, requires​

members' outcomes depend, in part, on the actions of others in the group.

Schachter's experiments on affiliation suggest​

misery loves miserable company.

Dr. Bynamic studies group performance by watching same- and mixed-sex groups in the library, and recording how much time they spend talking versus studying. Bynamic is using a(n) ___ measurement method.​

observational

Which one is task-focused rather than relationship-focused?​

offering a good solution to the problem the group faces

The individualistic perspective is to the group perspective as ___ is to ___.​

psychology; sociology

Dimitry focuses more on the relationship aspect of his connection to others. His attitudes and values are oriented around maintaining these connections. Dimitry is high in

relationality

You are interested in studying the relationship between individual group members' political attitudes and their desire to be the leader of their group. You should probably use ___ measures.

self-report

I have substantial - because I am linked to many individuals and groups through an extensive network of interpersonal relationships

social capital

Individuals who live in Virgina sometimes come to think of themselves as Virginians, and they also recognize people who live outside of Virgina are not Virginians. Their tendency to define themselves as members of this social category is known as a

social identity

You note that Don is the leader, LaDelle complies with the group's norms, and Don is well-liked by LaDelle but not by Gregory. You are describing the group's​

structure.

Laboratory studies of group phenomena can be criticized most for​

studying behavior in relatively contrived settings.

As group size decreases, the concept of homophily suggests that the most likely member to leave the group is​

the member that is the least similar to other group members.

Mark thinks that mixed-sex groups (ones with both males and females) make better decisions than same-sex groups. Therefore, he creates 10 mixed-sex groups and 10 same-sex groups, and asks them to answer a series of math problems. In this study, the dependent variable is​

the quality of the group's decision.

Gaertner studied when individuals were more likely to respond to rejection by seeking to harm the group that rejected them. He found aggression was highest when

the rejecting group was high in entitativity

When we are ___ we desire affiliation, but when we are ___ we desire privacy.​

uncertain; embarrassed

Mike notes that Melinda is in a better financial situation than he is right now. This leaves him feeling depressed but also motivates him to start working harder. Mike is engaging in ___ social comparison

upward

An exchange theory of group formation suggests that​

​groups form when members invest in the relationship by giving one another rewards.

A number of years ago researchers found that observers' preconceptions and biases influence their observations of groups. Researchers turned to ___ observational methods to solve this problem.

​structured