GU/GI/Endocrine Evolve

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone hypersecretion (SIADH) may result from: Select all that apply. A. ectopic production of ADH by tumors. B. pulmonary disorders like asthma. C. central nervous system disorders such as encephalitis. D. psychiatric disease treated with antidepressants or antipsychotics. E. pancreatic disorders such as diabetes insipidus (DI).

A. Ectopic production of ADH by tumors B. Pulmonary disorders like asthma C. CNS disorders such as encephalitis D. Psychiatric disease treated with antidepressants or antipsychotics

A symptom of a prolactinoma would include: A. galactorrhea. B. alopecia. C. excessive menses. D. pregnancy.

A. Galactorrhea

A patient develops severe dehydration and hyperglycemia in the absence of ketosis. Which of the following conditions does this patient have? A. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS) B. DKA C. Hypoglycemia D. Somogyi effect

A. Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS)

A symptom of SIADH is: A. hyponatremia. B. hypernatremia. C. hyperosmolality (serum). D. hypoosmolality (urine).

A. Hyponatremia

Medication used to threat thyrotoxic crisis includes: A. iodine. B. epinephrine. C. thyroid hormone. D. synthroid.

A. Iodine

Which is a determinant of severity for obstructive uropathy? Select all that apply. A. Location of the blockage B. Degree of completeness of the blockage C. Type of blockage D. Duration of the blockage E. Cause of the lesion

A. Location of the blockage B. Degree of completeness of the blockage D. Duration of the blockage E. Cause of the lesion

Risk factors for insulin resistance include: Select all that apply. A. obesity. B. inactivity. C. low-fat diet. D. age. E. medications.

A. Obesity B. Inactivity D. Age E. Medications

Complications experienced by patients with chronic uncontrolled type 2 diabetes are: Select all that apply. A. peripheral vascular disease. B. orthostatic hypotension. C. thickened capillary membranes. D. increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR). E. visual difficulties.

A. PVD B. Orthostatic hypotension C. Thickened capillary membrances E. Visual difficulties

A newly diagnosed diabetic patient will exhibit symptoms of: Select all that apply. A. polydipsia. B. anuria. C. polyphagia. D. weight loss. E. loss of muscle mass.

A. Polydipsia C. Polyphagia D. Weight loss

Which condition may cause obstructed urine flow? Select all that apply. A. Prostate enlargement B. Pelvic organ prolapse C. Low bladder wall compliance D. Detrusor areflexia E. Detrusor hyperflexia

A. Prostate enlargement B. Pelvic organ prolapse C. Low bladder wall compliance E. Detrusor hyperflexia

Kussmaul respiration's can be a result of: Select all that apply. A. Pulmonary edema B. Metabolic alkalosis C. Metabolic acidosis D. Dehydration E. Impaired protein metabolism

A. Pulmonary edema C. Metabolic acidosis

A patient has uncontrolled or premature contractions of the detrusor muscle. Which conditions is associated with this medical problem? A. Spinal cord injury B. Immune system dysfunction C. Congestive heart failure D. Renal carcinoma

A. Spinal cord injury

A patient experiences retinopathy due to diabetes. There is venous dilation, microaneurysm formation, and blot hemorrhages. Which stage of retinopathy is this patient experiencing? A. Stage I B. Stage II C. Stage III D. Stage IV

A. Stage I

Which is a factor that is required before a stone is formed? Select all that apply. A. Supersaturation of one of the salts B. Precipitation from a liquid to a solid C. Aggregation D. Low concentration of salt E. Presence or absence of Tamm-Horsfall protein

A. Supersaturation of one of the salts B. Precipitation from a liquid to a solid C. Aggregation E. Presence or absence of Tamm-Horsfall protein

When a patient is diagnosed with thyroid carcinoma, patient education concerning the disease should include the information that: A. thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy. B. Americans frequently have thyroid carcinoma as a diagnosis. C. heredity is the most common risk factor for thyroid carcinoma. D. most thyroid carcinoma tumors are undifferentiated.

A. Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine malignancy

A patient is diagnosed with hepatitis A. Transmission of this form of hepatitis occurs via: A. fecal-oral route. B. infected blood or body fluids. C. sexual contact. D. intravenous drug use.

A: Fecal-oral route

A patient is diagnosed with portal hypertension due to liver disease. Which assessment observation supports this diagnosis? A. Hematemesis B. Abdominal pain from splenomegaly C. Ascites D. Altered mental status

A: Hematemesis

Chronic constipation may be a result of: Select all that apply. A. low-residue diet B. sedentary lifestyle C. hyperthyroidism D. opiates use E. aging

A: Low-residual diet B: Sedentary lifestyle D: Opiates use E: Aging

A patient experiences abdominal pain that is very localized and intense. Which type of pain does this describe? A. Parietal B. Visceral C. Referred D. Phantom

A: Parietal

A patient is diagnosed with a peptic ulcer. Which assessment data confirms this diagnosis? Select all that apply. A. Presence of H. pylori in the duodenum B. Advanced age C. Follows a strict vegetarian diet D. History of alcohol abuse E. Diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis

A: Presence of H. pylori in the duodenum B: Advanced age D: History of alcohol abuse E: Diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis

When a client reports jaundice, fatigue, anorexia, nausea and vomiting, a diagnosis of hepatitis is made. Which stage of the disease process is supported by these symptoms? A. Prodromal phase B. Icteric phase C. Recovery phase D. Chronic active hepatitis

A: Prodromal phase

A patient experiences nausea, vomiting, loss of body hair, fatigue, weakness, and hypoglycemia. The hormone deficiency the patient is most likely experiencing is that of: A. TSH. B. ACTH. C. FSH. D. LH.

B. ACTH

Symptoms of Graves disease includes: A. hypothyroid. B. goiter. C. sunken eyeballs. D. atrial fibrillation.

B. Goiter

Two siblings are diagnosed with a thyroid disorder due to destruction of thyroid tissue by lymphocytes and circulating thyroid autoantibodies. This pathology is likely the result of: A. subacute thyroiditis. B. Hashimoto disease. C. painless thyroiditis. D. postpartum thyroiditis.

B. Hashimoto disease

It is true that DI: A. results from low levels of ADH. B. occurs with organic lesion of the hypothalamus or pituitary. C. may be demonstrated by excessively concentrated urine. D. is caused by low levels of ADH.

B. Occurs with organic lesion of the hypothalamus or pituitary

A patient who reports abdominal and back pain has been diagnosed with bacteria in the urine. What is the appropriate term for involvement of the upper urinary tract that is likely to cause such symptoms? A. Cystitis B. Pyelonephritis C. UTI D. Asymptomatic bacteriuria

B. Pyelonephritis

A patient is diagnosed with a kidney stone that is composed of magnesium, ammonium, and phosphate. What type of urinary calculus is this? A. Calcium B. Struvite C. Uric acid D. Indinavir

B. Struvite

Which statement regarding renal cell carcinoma is correct? A. It is associated with p53 B. Symptoms include hematuria C. Early stages produce a large abdominal mass D. Granular cell tumors have better prognosis

B. Symptoms include hematuria

It is correct to assume that acromegaly: A. occurs due to excessive levels of ACTH. B. is the result of a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma. C. occurs more frequently in men. D. is a relatively common condition.

B. The result of a GH-secreting pituitary adenoma

A client is diagnosed with hematochezia. Which assessment finding confirms this diagnosis? A. Bloody vomitus B. Bright red rectal bleeding C. Presence of tarry stools D. Positive testing for occult blood

B: Bright red rectal bleeding

Which statement regarding cirrhosis is true? Select all that apply. A. Cirrhosis develops rapidly. B. The causes are not clearly understood. C. Portal hypertension is a complication. D. Severity is determined by amount of the toxin. E. Prognosis is poor even when contaminant is removed.

B: Causes are not clearly understood C: Portal HTN is a complication D: Severity is determined by amount of the toxin

A patient experiences a large hematoma from a motor vehicle accident. The patient develops jaundice due to increased breakdown (hemolysis) of red blood cells. Which statement the pathophysiology of hemolysis regarding this patient's condition is true? A. There is a decrease in conjugated bilirubin. B. Increased amounts of unconjugated bilirubin occur. C. Bilirubin is excreted in the urine. D. Hemolysis is identical to obstructive jaundice.

B: Increased amount of unconjugated bilirubin occur

A patient experiences diarrhea, which her physician contributes to increased mucosal discharge of chloride- or bicarbonate-rich fluid. Which of the following types of diarrhea is this? A. Osmotic B. Secretory C. Motility D. Parasitic

B: Secretory

Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding Crohn disease? A. It involves the mucosa only. B. Skip lesions are common. C. It affects only the rectum. D. The most common site is the rectum.

B: Skip lesions are common

Which of the following regarding chronic gastritis is true? A. There are four types. B. Type A, or fundal gastritis, is the most severe. C. Type B, or antral gastritis, is the most rare. D. It tends to occur in young individuals.

B: Type A, or fundal gastritis, is the most severe

Abnormalities in endocrine function may be caused by a(n): A. decrease in hormone levels. B. altered metabolism of the hormones. C. absence of antibodies against specific receptors. D. faulty feedback systems. E. hormone production by nonendocrine tissue.

C. Absence of antibodies against specific receptors

It is correct to assume that pituitary adenomas: A. will experience rapid growth. B. are generally metastatic. C. arise from the anterior pituitary. D. have a pathogenesis due to infarction.

C. Arise from the anterior pituitary

With which bacteria is acute glomerulonephritis associated? A. E. coli B. Staphylococcus C. Group A streptococcus D. Klebsiella

C. Group A streptococcus

Which symptom would a patient diagnosed with pheochromocytoma also experience? A. Hypotension B. Bradycardia C. Headaches D. Increased insulin secretion

C. Headaches

Myxedema coma is generally associated with: A. hyperthyroidism. B. hyperthermia. C. lactic acidosis. D. hyperglycemia.

C. Lactic acidosis

It is correct to assume that primary hypothyroidism: A. is commonly observed. B. occurs in children aged 5 to 10 years. C. is the result of absent thyroid tissue. D. occurs more frequently in male infants.

C. Result of absent thyroid tissue

A client presents with epigastric pain and vomiting. He is hyperglycemic and tachycardic. Client reports he is "a heavy drinker but never had problems like this before." Which disease process is supported by this client's symptoms? A. Cholelithiasis B. Cholecystitis C. Acute pancreatitis D. Appendicitis

C: Acute pancreatitis

A 20-year-old man presents with periumbilical pain, fever, and loss of appetite. Which of the following is the most likely cause of his abdominal discomfort? A. Diverticulosis B. Diverticulitis C. Appendicitis D. Mesenteric venous thrombosis

C: Appendicitis

H. pylori is discovered in the GI tract of a client experiencing an inflammation of the gastric mucosa. These findings support which diagnosis? A. Chronic diarrhea B. Paralytic ileus C. Chronic gastritis D. Pyloric obstruction

C: Chronic gastritis

Which statement is TRUE regarding the act of retching? A: it begins with a shallow respiration B: Hypersalivation & tachycardia are common C: Esophagus becomes distended D: Reverse peristalsis seldom occurs

C: Esophagus becomes distended

The poor absorption of vitamin A will result in: A. osteoporosis. B. neurological deficiencies. C. night blindness. D. petechiae.

C: Night blindness

Which statement is true regarding hiatal hernia? A. There are three common types of such a hernia. B. Incorrect The most common type is paraesophageal. C. Paraesophageal is herniation of the greater curvature of the stomach. D. Sliding hernia is triggered by standing.

C: Paraesophageal is herniation of the greater curvature of the stomach

Which extraintestinal manifestations are found in ulcerative colitis? Select all that apply. A. Gallstones B. Uveitis C. Polyarthritis D. Cutaneous lesions E. Liver disorders

C: Polyarthritis D: Cutaneous lesions E: Liver disorders

A client is diagnosed with a Cushing ulcer. What assessment information related to this client's current medical condition supports this diagnosis? A.Third-degree burns over 20% of the body B. Profound septicemia with high fever C. Severe head trauma resulting from auto accident D. Massive internal trauma as a result of a fall

C: Severe head trauma resulting from auto accident

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a result of: A. an increase in insulin production. B. a decrease in catecholamine secretion. C. impaired metabolism seen in the elderly. D. increased fat mobilization.

D. Increased fat mobilization

A patient with visual changes that begin in one eye then progress to the second eye is likely experiencing: A. pituitary infarct. B. ACTH insufficiency. C. Growth hormone (GH) insufficiency. D. pituitary adenoma.

D. Pituitary adenoma

Which assessment question demonstrates an understanding of a possible cause of achalasia? A. "Are you chronically constipated?" B. "What types of high fiber foods do you eat?" C. "Do you become 'gassy' after meals?" D. "Have you been under a lot of stress lately?"

D: "Have you been under a lot of s tress lately"

Which of the following is a TRUE statement regarding ulcerative colitis? A. It extends throughout the entire GI tract. B. It generally appears in childhood. C. African-Americans are more commonly affected. D. Bloody, purulent diarrhea is a common symptom.

D: Bloody, purulent diarrhea is common symptom

A patient experiences chronic intermittent pain in the epigastric area when the stomach is empty and in the middle of the night. This history supports a diagnosis of: A. acute gastritis. B. chronic gastritis. C. gastric ulcer. D. duodenal ulcer.

D: Duodenal Ulcer