GY 101 - Chapter 5 (UA)

In ______, Hurricane Sandy combined with a weather front to the west creating a "superstorm" resulting in $75 billion in damages and nearly 150 deaths in the Caribbean and along the East Coast of the United States. 2000 2012 2005

2012

( ) anticyclones move around, in contrast to semipermanent anticyclones, which stay in the same general area.

Migrating

A given region's humidity, temperature, precipitation, and windiness at a specific time describe that region's ______. a) weather b) climate c) atmosphere

a) weather

A front is the narrow zone between two different ______. oceans mountains air masses

air masses

Cyclones are rotating zones of low pressure, whereas ( ) are rotating zones of high pressure.

anticyclones

Weather ______ have sensors that report temperature, pressure, humidity, wind speed and direction as they travel vertically through the atmosphere. balloons forecasters channels

balloons

At high latitudes, the ______ cell is influenced by a high-pressure system at the poles and easterly winds. a) Ferrel b) Hadley c) polar

c) polar

An anticyclone brings stability to the atmosphere, resulting in ______ weather rainy clear fair cloudy snowy

clear; fair

After mid-latitude cyclones and an associated ______ front have moved across the Great Lakes, lake-effect snows may occur, bringing large amounts of snowfall to the northeastern United States. cold occluded warm

cold

As a result of the Coriolis effect deflecting moving air to the right in the Northern Hemisphere, tropical cyclones rotate ______. counterclockwise clockwise

counterclockwise

The initial stage in the formation of a single-cell thunderstorm is called the _______ stage, which occurs when surface air heats up more quickly than the air aloft. stratus cumulus nimbus

cumulus

Any enclosed area of low atmospheric pressure is a ______. hurricane tornado cyclone

cyclone

Mid-latitude ______ are formed when a colder air mass meets a warmer one at a stationary front. blizzards cyclones tropical storms

cyclones

Birds are a source of false echoes on ( ) radar; however, ecologists have taken advantage of this to study bird behavior.

doppler

An Alberta Clipper is a cyclone storm formed on the ______, leeward side of the Rockies in Canada. west east north south

east

Mid-latitude anticyclones move across the United States driven ______ by the westerlies. south north west east

east

Lightning is a sudden and large discharge of ( ) energy, which is generated naturally within the atmosphere.

electrical

In forecasting weather, seven _______ are used, three of which describe atmospheric movement; another three account for air density changes, changes of the state of water, and the rate of change for incoming solar energy; and the last is the Ideal Gas Law. equations assumptions models

equations

Anticyclones result from air descending from the upper level, which stabilizes the atmosphere and brings ______ weather. bad fair unpredictable

fair

Thunderstorms are ______ due to the sharp contrast in temperatures of air masses in the southeastern United States. frequent infrequent

frequent

The area between two different air masses is called a ______. front Rossby wave jet stream

front

A ball of ice that falls toward Earth's surface from a cumulonimbus cloud is called ______. hail sleet a snowball

hail

The Great Plains frequently have thunderstorms accompanied by ______. sleet hail snow

hail

Thunderheads are thunderstorms that cause ______. lightning hurricanes hail thunder tsunamis

hail, lightning, thunder

An anticyclone forms when upper-level air slows down and is forced to the surface, causing a ( )-pressure area.

high

Anticyclones are rotating zones of ( ) pressure.

high

Hail is a ball of ( ) that forms under freezing conditions in a cumulonimbus cloud and may accompany a thunderstorm.

ice

The majority of the tornadoes occur ______ of the United States. on the East Coast on the Gulf Coast on the West Coast in the center

in the center

Lines on a map that connect areas of equal air pressure are ______. wind barbs isobars isohypses

isobars

Intense snow events called ( )-effect snows are the result of cold air masses moving over the relatively warm Great Lakes.

lake

Tornadoes usually occur _______ in the day. earlier later

later

Cyclones form along the ______ side of the Canadian Rockies, bringing cold air eastward. windward leeward

leeward

A cyclone is any area of closed atmospheric motion around a ( ) pressure system.

low

Hurricanes are characterized by strong winds rotating around a(n) ( )-pressure area.

low

Tropical cyclones are characterized by ______. high atmospheric pressure linear winds low atmospheric pressure rotating winds

low atmospheric pressure; rotating winds

Tropical storms mostly travel at ______. low latitudes high latitudes mid-latitudes

low latitudes

An air ______ is a large body of air with relatively uniform temperature and moisture. mass cloud form

mass

______ decide which data and assumptions to put into a weather-forecasting model. Meteorologists Anthropologists Geologists

meteorologists

A ______-latitude cyclone is formed when a cold air mass meets a warmer one along a frontal boundary. high low mid

mid

A body of air with relatively uniform ______ is called an air mass. weight volume moisture temperature

moisture and temperature

Lightning is ______ common over land than over the ocean. more less equally as

more

_______ is(are) an essential ingredient for weather. Motion Plate tectonics Ocean currents Atmospheric moisture Energy

motion; atmospheric moisture; energy

Doppler radar gives us information about ______ within individual storm clouds. movement electrical charge temperature mass

movement; mass

A cluster of thunderstorms is called a ______-cell thunderstorm. poly single multi

multi

When many thunderstorms occur together, it is called a(n) ( )-cell thunderstorm.

multi

The majority of tornadoes in the world occur in the United States, specifically in a ______ belt through the middle of the country. northwest-southeast east-west north-south

north-south

The polar cell is formed by air sinking at the ( ) and rising at mid-latitudes.

poles

Isobars are lines on maps that connect areas that have equal air ______. temperature pressure density

pressure

In the Northern Hemisphere, a bend to the north in the polar front jet stream is called a ______. ridge trough

ridge

Where upper-level air moves from the ( ) to the ( ) of a Rossby wave, the air converges, slows, and is pushed toward the surface, causing high pressure below.

ridge; trough

______ anticyclones stay in the same general area for entire seasons and year after year, as opposed to migrating anticyclones. Stagnant Semipermanent Stationary

semipermanent

Most tornadoes occur in mesocyclones within ______ thunderstorms. supercell polycell single-cell

supercell

Thunderstorms are frequent in the southeastern U.S. because of the warm seawater, warm air, and a contrast between the land and water in terms of ______. density volume temperature

temperature

Weather balloons travel vertically into the atmosphere reporting data on air ( ), pressure, humidity, and ( ) direction and speed.

temperature; wind

Thunderstorms that cause hail, lightning, and thunder are called ( ) heads.

thunder

Columns of moist, turbulent air with variable amounts of rain, strong wind, lightning, and hail are called ______. tornadoes thunderstorms blizzards

thunderstorm

( ) are the most fundamental of all organized weather systems and are characterized by columns of moist, turbulent air. They have variable amounts of rain, strong wind, lightning, and potentially hail.

thunderstorms

A ______ is a spinning vortex of air that extends from the base of a cloud to the ground. thunderhead hurricane tornado

tornado

( ) usually occur within the mesocyclones of supercell thunderstorms but can also occur in tropical cyclones or single-cell thunderstorms.

tornadoes

The Enhanced Fujita scale is used to categorize ______ based on both wind speed and damage. hailstorms tornadoes hurricanes

tornadoes

Seasonal storms that form over warm, tropical waters are called ______. Nor'easters tornadoes tropical cyclones

tropical cyclones

In the Northern Hemisphere, a bend to the south in the polar front jet stream is called a ______. ridge trough

trough

In ______ areas, ground clutter such as buildings are a problem because the return signal from stationary objects is received by the Doppler facility and can be confused with weather. rural urban unpopulated

urban

Tropical cyclones are intense seasonal storms that form over ______, tropical waters and can cause heavy precipitation. warm freezing cold

warm

When weather conditions are favorable for a storm that could result in loss of life or property, a storm ( ) may be issued.

watch

A rotating, columnar vortex of air and water droplets that occurs over a body of water is a ______ hurricane tornado waterspout

waterspout

Temperature, humidity, precipitation, and windiness all define an area's ( ) at a specific time.

weather

Anticyclones in the mid-latitudes of the United States are pushed east by ______ winds. polar easterly trade westerly

westerly

The damage that results from hurricanes is caused in large part by high-speed ( ), which can reach hundreds of kilometers per hour.

winds