GYN CHP. 18

As a result of constant estrogen stimulation postmenopausal patients with granulosa cell tumors have approximately what percentage chance of developing endometrial carcinoma?

10 to 15

At what day of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur as the dominant follicle ruptures releasing the mature ovum and a small amount of follicular fluid into the peritoneal cavity?

14

Follicular cysts range in size from what?

3 to 8 cm

How many layers does the fallopian tube have and what are they?

3, outer serosa, middle muscular layer, inner mucosal layer

How many stages of ovarian carcinoma are there?

4

Approximately what percent of serous cystadenoma are benign occurring more often in women in their 40s and 50s as well as during pregnancy?

50 to 70

How long are the Fallopian tubes?

7 to 12 centimeter

The cystic mass commonly noted with pregnancy is the: A. Corpus luteum B. Dermoid cyst C. Dysgerminoma D. Serous cystadenoma

A. Corpus luteum

The fingerlike extensions of the Fallopian tube are called: A. Fimbria B. Infundibulum C. Cilia D. Ampulla

A. Fimbria

What are the clinical findings of ovarian torsion?

Acute unilateral abdominal or pelvic pain, nausea and vomiting

Cancer of the fallopian tube is rare and typically in the form of what?

Adenocarcinoma

Paraovarian cysts are small cysts located where?

Adjacent to ovary

The area located posterior to the broad ligament, adjacent to the uterus, which contains ovaries and fallopian tubes

Adnexa

What are the clinical findings of granulosa cell tumors?

Adolescent - pseudoprecocious puberty,, Reproductive ages and postmenopausal women will have abnormal vaginal bleeding

The longest and most tortuous segment of the fallopian tube

Ampulla

Sertoli leydig cell tumor AKA

Androblastoma

What are the sonography findings of hydrosalpinx?

Anechoic

Where can endometriomas be located?

Anywhere outside of the endometrial cavity including on any other pelvic organs such as the bladder and bowel but are more commonly found in the ovary

What are the clinical findings of serous cystadenoma?

Asymptomatic

What are the clinical findings of a fibroma?

Asymptomatic, Meigs syndrome

What are the clinical findings of a Brenner tumor?

Asymptomatic, Meigs syndrome, palpable mass or pain

What are the clinical findings of paraovarian cyst?

Asymptomatic, if cyst is enlarged patient may present with pelvic pain and increased lower abdominal girth

What are the clinical findings of a follicular cyst?

Asymptomatic, pain associated with Hemorrhage and enlargement of cyst

What are the clinical findings of corpus luteum cysts and corpus luteum of pregnancy?

Asymptomatic, pain associated with Hemorrhage and enlargement of cyst, corpus luteum of pregnancy accompanies a pregnancy

What are the clinical findings of endometrioma?

Asymptomatic, pelvic pain, and fertility, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, despair Junia, painful bowel movements

What are the clinical findings of a krukenberg tumor?

Asymptomatic, possible weight loss, pelvic pain

Which of the following is the most common malignancy of the ovary? A. Cystic teratoma B. Serous cystadenocarcinoma C. Krukenberg tumor D. Sertoli- Lyedig cell tumor

B. Serous cystadenocarcinoma

The ovarian cyst associated with gestational trophoblastic disease is the: A. Corpus luteum cyst B. Theca lutein cyst C. Dermoid cyst D. Paraovarian cyst

B. Theca lutein cyst

The sonographic appearance of an ovarian dermoid tumor in which on the anterior elements of the mass can be seen, while the greater part of the mass is obscured by shadowing is consistent with: A. Whirlpool sign B. Tip of the iceberg sign C. Dermoid mesh sign D. Dermoid plug sign

B. Tip of the iceberg sign

What are the sonography findings of a krukenberg tumor?

Bilateral, smooth walled hypoechoic ovarian Mass, may have ascites

Small benign ovarian tumors

Brenner tumors

Hairlike projections within the fallopian tube are called: A. Interstita B. Fimbria C. Cilia D. Peristalsis

C. Cilia

What are the clinical findings of dysgerminoma?

Children - precocious puberty, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase, possible elevated serum HCG

What are the sonography findings of a cystic teratoma?

Complex, partially cystic mass in the ovary that includes one or more academic structures that make Shadow,, tip of the iceberg sign only the interior element of the masses seen while the greater part of the mass is obscured by shadowing,, dermoid plug produces posterior shadowing,, dermoid mesh produced by hair and will appear as numerous linear interfaces within the cystic area of this Mass

After the graafian follicle is ruptured its structure is converted into what?

Corpus luteum

What does the cumulus oophorus appear like?

Daughter cyst

Another name for a cystic teratoma

Dermoid cyst

Describe the condition of stage 4 ovarian carcinoma

Distant Mets behind the peritoneal cavity

What is the most common malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary?

Dysgerminoma

Painful sexual intercourse

Dyspareunia

Theca lutein cysts are found in the presence of what? What are common concurrent conditions?

Elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin in excess of 100,000,, gestational trophoblastic disease and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and multiple just stations

What are the clinical findings of yolk Sac tumor?

Elevation in serum AFP

Yolk Sac tumor AKA?

Endodermal sinus tumor

What are the sonography findings of ovarian torsion?

Enlarged ovary, enlarged ovary in the presence of multi follicular development, lack of or diminished flow patterns compared with the non affected ovary

What treatment will also result in the development of multiple, enlarged follicular cysts?

Fertility treatment

What are the ovaries stimulated by?

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Should the graafian follicle failed to ovulate it could continue to enlarge and result in what?

Follicular cyst

The name for the dominant follicle prior to ovulation

Graafian follicle

What is an estrogen producing tumor that is considered to be the most common estrogenic tumor?

Granulosa cell tumor

Blood within the fallopian tube

Hematosalpinx

What is the typical ovarian flow?

High resistant during menstrual and proliferative phases and low resistance at mid cycle

The Doppler analysis of malignant ovarian masses often reveal what?

Higher diastolic flow velocities because of the abnormal vessels that are created with malignancy, these vessels often lack smooth muscle within their walls and produce a less resistive waveform pattern

How does the normal ovary appear?

Homogeneous with a medium level too low level echogenicity, multiple follicles may be noted during neonatal and pre-pubertal ages

What are the sonography findings of a thecoma?

Hypoechoic solid Mass with posterior attenuation, no posterior enhancement, if large May mimic a pedunculated leiomyoma

What are the sonography findings of a fibroma?

Hypoechoic solid Mass with posterior enhancement, no posterior enhancement, if large mimic a pedunculated leiomyoma

A radiographic procedure that uses a Dye instilled into the endometrial cavity and the Fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities

Hysterosalpingography

What are the sonography findings of pyosalpinx and hematosalpinx?

Internal components and may appear echogenic or have a fluid fluid level

What kind of glands are the ovaries?

Intraperitoneal and endocrine

What are the sonography findings of theca lutein cyst?

Large bilateral multiloculated ovarian cystic masses, may contain hemorrhagic components

What are the sonography appearance of a mucinous cystadenoma?

Large predominantly anechoic lesion that contains septations and or papillary projections, may contain some recognizable internal debris, not often bilateral

What are the sonography findings of serous cystadenoma?

Large, bilateral, predominantly anechoic lesion that contain septations and or papillary projections

What are the sonography appearance of mucinous cystadenocarcinoma?

Large, multilocular cystic mass, papillary projections and septations often noted, I could genetic material within the cystic components of the mass,pseudomyxoma peritonei (complex ascites)

What are the sonography appearance of serous cystadenocarcinoma?

Large, multilocular cystic mass, papillary projections and step tations often noted, ascites

How is the volume of the ovary determined?

Length X width X height X 0.5233.2

What are the clinical findings of theca lutein cyst?

Markedly elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin as seen in cases of gestational trophoblastic disease, ovarian hyperstimulation, twin just stations,, nausea and vomiting, pain associated with hemorrhagic, rupture, and ovarian torsion

What are the clinical findings of a thecoma?

May be asymptomatic, postmenopausal vaginal bleeding or abnormal vaginal bleeding secondary to estrogen stimulation, make syndrome which is ascites and pleural effusion

Fibromas are a benign ovarian mass that may be Complicated by a condition known as what?

Meigs syndrome

Fibromas are most often found in what aged women?

Middle-aged

What are the sonography findings of endometrioma?

Most often multiple, predominantly cystic mass with low-level internal echoes, May resemble a hemorrhagic cyst, anechoic or complex mostly cystic mass with posterior enhancement and may have a fluid fluid level

Which is larger serous or mucinous cystadenoma?

Mucinous

Are ovarian fibromas associated with estrogen?

No

What are the clinical findings of a cystic teratoma?

Often asymptomatic, if torsion or rupture occurs the patient may present with acute pelvic pain

What are the ovaries consist of?

Outer cortex and inner medulla. Medulla contains ovarian vasculature and lymphocytes, cortex involves the mass of the ovary and is the site of the oogenesis

An abnormality that results from the ovary twisting on its mesenteric connection, consequently cutting off the blood supply to the ovary

Ovarian torsion

Fallopian tubes AKA

Oviducts, uterine tubes, salpiges

What are the sonography findings of dysgerminoma?

Ovoid, solid echogenic Mass on the ovary, may contain some cystic components

A small protrusion of tissue

Papillary projections

Salpingitis is often caused by what?

Pelvic inflammatory disease

What are the clinical findings of a mucinous cystadenoma?

Pelvic pressure and swelling

Where is the ovarian fossa located?

Posterior to the ureter and internal iliac artery and superior to the external iliac artery

Granulosa cell tumors are most commonly found in whom?

Postmenopausal but could be found in younger patients

Thecoma are most often found in whom?

Postmenopausal women, Meigs syndrome

What is the primary purpose of the fallopian tube?

Provide an area for fertilization and to offer a means of transportation for the products of conception to reach the uterine cavity

How is a yolk Sac tumor characterized?

Rapid growth

What are the ovaries responsible for?

Releasing estrogen and progesterone throughout the menstrual cycle

What age are dermoids commonly found in?

Reproductive age group but may also be found in the postmenopausal patients

Endometrioma are found in whom?

Reproductive years

What do dermoids result from?

Retention of an unfertilized ovum that differentiates into the three germ cell layers

Ovarian torsion often occurs on which side? What is the most common cause?

Right, ovarian cyst or mass such as the benign cystic teratoma or paraovarian cyst

An oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands

Sebum

A partition separating two or more cavities

Septations

What is the most common malignancy of the ovary?

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

Together what comprise most neoplasms of the ovary?

Serous cystadenoma and cystic teratoma

Malignant sex cord stromal ovarian neoplasm that is associated with virilization

Sertoli leydig cell tumor

Tumor marker that is elevated in the presence of an ovarian dysgerminoma and other abdominal abnormalities

Serum lactate dehydrogenase

Ovarian tumors that arise from The gonadal Ridges

Sex cord stromal tumors

What are the sonography findings of a follicular cyst?

Simple cyst - anechoic, thin walled, unilocular, round, posterior enhancement Hemorrhagic cyst - variable appearances including complex components or entirely echogenic depending on the amount of blood in the stage of lysis

What are the sonography findings of corpus luteum cysts and corpus luteum of pregnancy?

Simple cyst appearance however corpus luteum cyst may have a sticker wall and may be difficult to differentiate from other solid and cystic adnexal masses Hemorrhagic cyst variable appearances including complex components or entirely academic depending on the amount of blood and stage of lysis

What are the sonography findings of a paraovarian cyst?

Simple cyst located adjacent been out of touch to the ovary, if hemorrhagic will appear complex

What is the sonography appearance of Fallopian tube carcinoma?

Solid Mass within the adnexa, tube may become distended secondary to obstruction or infection, fluid contained within the distended tubes could be simple serous fluid, blood, or pus

What are the sonography findings of granulosa cell tumor?

Solid hypoechoic Mass, complex or partially cystic mass

What are the sonography findings of sertoli leydig cell tumors?

Solid, hypoechoic ovarian Mass, complex or partially cystic mass

An ultrasound procedure that uses saline instillation into the endometrial cavity and Fallopian tubes to evaluate for internal abnormalities

Sonohysterography

Krukenberg tumor is a malignant ovarian tumor that metastasized from the GI tract most frequently the what?

Stomach

Who recommends the proper staging of ovarian carcinoma?

The international Federation of Gynecology and obstetrics FIGO

Functional ovarian cysts that are found in the presence of elevated levels of human chorionic gonadotropin, AKA theca luteal cyst

Theca lutein cysts

What are the largest and least common of the functional cysts?

Theca lutein cysts

Benign ovarian sex cord stromal tumor that produces estrogen in older woman

Thecoma

Denotes the sonography tech appearance of a cystic teratoma when only the anterior element of the mass is seen, while the greater part of the mass is obscured by shadowing

Tip of the iceberg sign

Inferior portion of the pelvis that contains the uterus, ovaries, Fallopian tubes, urinary bladder, small bell, sigmoid colon, rectum

True pelvis

Describe the condition of stage 3 of ovarian carcinoma

Tumor involves one or both ovaries with confirmed peritoneal Mets outside of the pelvis and or Regional lymph node involvement

Describe the condition of stage 2 of ovarian carcinoma

Tumor involves one or both ovaries with pelvic extension

Describe the condition of stage 1 ovarian carcinoma?

Tumor is confined to the ovary

What are the sonography findings of a Brenner tumor?

Unilateral, small, solid, hypoechoic Mass, may contain calcifications

Having only one internal cavity

Unilocular

The ovaries form and where and descend to the pelvis in utero?

Upper abdomen

What are the sonography findings of yolk Sac tumor?

Varying sonography appearances

Female changes within the female that are caused by increased androgens, may lead to deepening of the voice and hirsutism

Virilization

What are the clinical findings of sertoli leydig cell tumors?

Virilization, abnormal menstruation, hirsutism

What are the clinical findings of serous and mucinous cystadenocarcinoma?

Weight loss, pelvic pressure and swelling, abnormal vaginal bleeding, GI symptoms, acute abdominal pain associated with torsion or rupture, elevated ca-125

Where is the ovum contained?

Within the cumulus oophorus

Do dermoids have the capability of malignant degeneration?

Yes

Ovary malignant germ cell tumor of the ovary

Yolk Sac tumor

What is the second most common malignant germ cell tumor?

Yolk Sac tumor

Yolk Sac tumor is often seen in whom?

Younger than 20 with high malignancy, poor prognosis

Sertoli leydig tumors are found more often in what women?

Younger than 30

Dysgerminoma arise more often in whom?

Younger than 30 and may be found in pregnancy

The most common benign ovarian tumor is the: A. Cystic teratoma B. Mucinous cystadenoma C. Fibroma D. Sertoli- Leydig cell tumor

A. Cystic teratoma

The ovarian mass that contains fat, sebum, and teeth is the: A. Dermoid B. Fibroma C. Mucinous cystadenoma D. Yolk sac tumor

A. Dermoid

The ovarian tumor associated with an elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase is the: A. Dysgerminoma B. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor C. Androblastoma D. Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

A. Dysgerminoma

Which of the following is also referred to as a chocolate cyst? A. Endometrioma B. Endometroid C. Cystic Teratoma D. Androblastoma

A. Endometrioma

The dominant follicle prior to ovulation is termed the: A. Graafian follicle B. Corpus albicans C. Corpus luteum D. Medulla

A. Graafian follicle

Which of the following is associated with the "whirlpool sign"? A. Ovarian torsion B. Hydrosalpinx C. Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome D. Ovarian carcinoma

A. Ovarian torsion

A 55-year old patient presents to the sonography department with a history of pelvic pressure, abdominal swelling, and abnormal uterine bleeding. A pelvic sonogram reveals a large, multiloculated cystic mass with papillary projections. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Serous cystadenocarcinoma B. Cystic teratoma C. Androblastoma D. Dysgerminoma

A. Serous cystadenocarcinoma

Peritoneal outpouching located between the bladder in the uterus AKA vesico uterine pouch

Anterior cul-de-sac

Excess fluid in the peritoneal cavity

Ascites

The longest and most tortuous segment of the Fallopian tube is the: A. Fimbria B. Ampulla C. Isthmus D. Interstitial

B. Ampulla

Blood within the Fallopian tube is termed: A. Hydrosalpinx B. Hematosalpinx C. Pyosalpinx D. Hemosalpinx

B. Hematosalpinx

Normal ovarian flow is said to be: A. Low resistant during menstruation and high resistant during the proliferative phase B. High resistant during menstruation and low resistant at the time of ovulation C. Low resistant D. High resistant

B. High resistant during menstruation and low resistant at the time of ovulation

The malignant ovarian tumor with gastrointestinal origin is the: A. Brenner tumor B. Krukenberg tumor C. Yolk sac tumor D. Granulosa cell tumor

B. Krukenberg tumor

The inner layer of the wall of the Fallopian tube is the: A.Muscular layer B. Mucosal layer C. Myometrial layer D. Serosal layer

B. Mucosal layer

All of the following adnexal masses may appear monographically similar to a uterine leiomyoma except: A. Thecoma B. Paraovarian cyst C. Fibroma D. Granulosa cell tumor

B. Paraovarian cyst

Pus within the Fallopian tube is termed: A. Hematosalpinx B. Pyosalpinx C. Hydrosalpinx D. Hemosalpinx

B. Pyosalpinx

What substance does hysterosalpingography utilize for the visualization of the uterine cavity and Fallopian tubes? A. Saline B. Radiographic contrast C. Water D. Betadine

B. Radiographic contrast

After the Graafian follicle ruptures, the remaining structure is termed the: A. Graafian remnant B. Corpus albicans C. Corpus luteum D. Theca lutein cyst

C. Corpus luteum

Sonographically, which of the following would most likely be confused for a pedunculated fibroid tumor because of its solid appearing structure? A. Serous cystadenoma B. Mucinous cystadeoma C. Fibroma D. Theca lutein cyst

C. Fibroma

With what ovarian tumor is Meigs syndrome most likely associated? A. Dysgerminoma B. Cystic teratoma C. Fibroma D. Yolk sac tumor

C. Fibroma

What ovarian timor will most likely have a moth-eaten appearance on sonography? A. Cystic teratoma B. Serous cystadenocarcinoma C. Krukenberg tumor D. Sertoli- Leydig cell tumor

C. Krukenberg tumor

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating ovarian volume? A. L x W x H x 0.6243 B. L x W x H x 0.3899 C. L x W x H x 0.5233 D. Ovarian volume cannot be calculated

C. L x W x H x 0.5233

An endometrioma most likely appears as a: A. Simple, anechoic mass with through transmission B. Complex mass with internal shadowing components C. Mostly cystic mass with low-level echoes D. Solid, hyper echoic shadowing mass

C. Mostly cystic mass with low-level echoes

What would be a predisposing condition that would increase the risk for suffering from ovarian torsion? A. Hirsutism B. Excessive exercise C. Ovarian mass D. Sonohysterography

C. Ovarian mass

A 24-year old female patient presents to the emergency department with severe right lower quadrant pain, nausea and vomiting. The sonographic examination reveals an enlarged ovary with no detectable doppler signal. What is the most likely diagnosis? A. Ovarian cystadenocarcinoma B. Cystic teratoma C. Ovarian torsion D. Endometriosis

C. Ovarian torsion

Which of the following is an estrogen-producing ovarian tumor? A. Cystic teratoma B. Fibroma C. Thecoma D. Endometrioma

C. Thecoma

Another name for the endometriomas

Chocolate cysts

Hairlike projections within the fallopian tube

Cilia

The remaining structure of the corpus luteum after it is deterioration

Corpus albicans

Temporary endocrine gland that results from the rupture of the graafian follicle after ovulation

Corpus luteum

physiologic cyst that develops after ovulation has occurred

Corpus luteum cyst

The corpus luteum that is maintained during an early pregnancy for the purpose of producing estrogen and progesterone

Corpus luteum of pregnancy

Structure that contains the developing oocyte

Cumulus oophorus

Benign ovarian mass that is composed of the three germ cell layers AKA dermoid cyst

Cystic teratoma

The segment of Fallopian tube where fertilization typically occurs is the: A. Cornu B. Fimbria C. Interstitial D. Ampulla

D. Ampulla

Which of the following sonographic findings would not increase the likelihood of an ovarian malignancy? A. Septation measuring >3mm in thickness B. Irregular borders C. Solid wall nodule D. Anechoic components with acoustic enhancement

D. Anechoic components with acoustic enhancement

Which of the following is a tumor of ectopic endometrial tissue? A. Brenner tumor B. Cystic teratoma C. Yolk-sac tumor D. Endometrioma

D. Endometrioma

The most distal part of the Fallopian tube is the: A. Cornu B. Ampulla C. Interstitial D. Infundibulum

D. Infundibulum

The short and narrow segment of the Fallopian tube distal to the interstitial segment is the: A. Ampulla B. Fimbria C. Infundibulum D. Isthmus

D. Isthmus

The malignant ovarian mass that is associated with pseudomyxoma peritonei is the: A. Dysgerminoma B. Sertoli-Leidig cell tumor C. Serous cystadenocarcinoma D. Mucinous cystandenocarcinoma

D. Mucinous cystandenocarcinoma

During a pelvic sonogram you visualize a small cyst located adjacent to the ovary. What is the most likely etiology of this cyst? A. Dermoid Cyst B. Ovarian cystadenoma C. Endometrioma D. Paraovarian Cyst

D. Paraovarian Cyst

What ovarian mass is associated with virilization? A. Krukenburg tumor B. Cystic teratoma C. Serous cystadenoma D. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

D. Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor

The ovarian cysts that are most often bilateral and are associated with markedly elevated levels of hCG are the: A. Corpus luteum cysts B. Paraovarian cysts C. Granulosa cell cysts D. Theca lutein cysts

D. Theca lutein cysts

A patient with an ovarian mass presents with an elevated serum AFP. Which of the following would be most likely? A. Ovarian fibroma B. Ovarian thecoma C. Cystic teratoma D. Yolk-sac tumor

D. Yolk-sac tumor

A small cyst within a large cyst

Daughter cyst

Mass of hair within a cystic teratoma

Dermoid mesh

Part of a dermoid tumor that contains various tissues and may produce the posterior shadowing during a sonography exam

Dermoid plug

The outer germ cell layer of the embryo that develops into the skin, hair, and nails, and other structures

Ectoderm

The germ cell layer of the embryo that develops into the GI and respiratory tracts

Endoderm

Benign, blood containing tumor that forms from the implementation of ectopic endometrial tissue, tumor associated with endometriosis

Endometrioma

Functional ectopic endometrial tissue located outside the uterus

Endometriosis

An ovarian sex cord stromal tumor found in middle aged women

Fibroma

Hormone of the anterior pituitary gland that causes the development of multiple follicles on the ovaries

Follicle-stimulating hormone

Ovarian cyst that forms from the failure of the graafian follicle to ovulate

Follicular cyst

I type of neoplasm derived from germ cells of the gonads, may also be found outside of the reproductive tract

Germ cell tumor

A disease associated with an abnormal proliferation of the trophoblast cells during pregnancy AKA molar pregnancy

Gestational trophoblastic disease

A cyst that contains blood

Hemorrhagic cyst

Excessive hair growth in women in areas where hair growth is normally negligible

Hirsutism

Hormone produced by the trophoblastic cells of the early placenta, may also be used as a tumor marker in non gravid patients and males

Human chorionic gonadotropin

The abnormal accumulation of fluid within the fallopian tube

Hydrosalpinx

Excessive vomiting

Hyperemesis

The distal segment of the fallopian tube

Infundibulum

The segment of the fallopian tube that lies within the uterine horn

Interstitial

Tube, the segment of the fallopian tube that is located between the interstitial and ampulla, uterus area of the uterus between the Corpus and the cervix

Isthmus

Malignant ovarian tumor that metastasizes from the GI tract

Krukenberg tumor

Destruction or breakdown

Lysis

Developing into cancer

Malignant degeneration

Ascites and pleural effusion in the presence of a benign ovarian tumor

Meigs syndrome

Abnormally heavy and prolonged menstration

Menorrhagia

The germ cell layer of the embryo that develops into the circulatory system, muscles, reproductive system, and other structures

Mesoderm

Pain at the time of ovulation

Middleschmertz

Having more than one internal cavity

Multiloculated

The creation of an ovum

Oogenesis

The surgical removal of an ovarian cyst

Ovarian cystectomy

A syndrome resulting from hyperstimulation of the ovaries by fertility drugs, results in the development of multiple, enlarged follicular ovarian cysts

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

leiomyoma that extends from the uterus on a stock

Pedunculated uterine leiomyoma

Infection of the female genital tract that may involve the ovaries, uterus, and or the fallopian tubes

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Contractions that move in a wave-like pattern to propel a substance

Peristalsis

Inflammation of the peritoneal lining

Peritonitis

Intraperitoneal extension of mucin secreting cells that results from the rupture of a malignant mucinous ovarian tumor or possibly a malignant tumor of the appendix

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

Secondary sexual development induced by sex steroids or from other sources like ovarian tumors, adrenal tumors or steroid use

Pseudoprecocious puberty

The presence of pus within the fallopian tube

Pyosalpinx

Inflammation of the fallopian tubes

Salpingitis