Gynecology Anatomy
what is the name of the pelvic spaces posterior to the broad ligament?
adnexa
which of the following carries blood to the uterine arteries?
anterior branch of the internal illiac artery
Follicle stimulating hormone and LH are produced by the:
anterior pituitary gland
Which of the following structures are located in the greater pelvis?
bowel
Which of the following ligaments is a band of fibrous tissue and muscle that extends from the upper lateral cervix to lateral pelvic wall and contains the uterine and vaginal vessels?
cardinal
The menstrual phase of the endometrium corresponds with what phase of the ovarian cycle?
early follicular phase
Which pelvic muscle forms the pelvic floor
levator ani
Which of the following patient type has a uterus described as a cervix and corpus of equal length?
premenopausal nulliparous
Which arteries course through the myometrium?
radial arteries
The ovary is normally found in the _______________________________-.
Fossa of Waldeyer
the pituitary gland produces which of the following?
LH & FSH
The left ovary vein empties into:
Left renal vein
What causes ovulation?
surge of LH
What ligament supports the ovary and fallopian tubes within the pelvis and attaches to the lateral pelvic wall?
suspensory
If fertilization does not occur after ovulation, the corpus luteum becomes:
a corpus albicans
ovulation normally occurs on which of the days from the menstrual cycle?
14
The secretory phase occurs during days________________________ in the menstrual cycle.
15-28
non-dominant follicles normally do not eceed?
15mm
A 27 year old non-gravid patient presents with a history of G4P2112. How many term deliveries has she had?
2
The corpus in a multiparous uterus is usually at least____________ the cervix.
2 times the length of
The dominant ovarian follicle grows at a rate of _______________ prior to ovulation.
2-3mm per day
The dominant follicle reaches a maximum diameter of ___________________ prior to ovulation
2.5CM
Normal size of ovary
3X2X1cm
In the early proliferative phase the endometrial thickness is normally __________________, while the late proliferative phase the endometrial thickness is normally___________________.
4-8mmm; less than 16mm
the endometrium of an asymptomatic 68 yo female not taking hormones should not exceed:
8mm
Oral contraception supress the production of _________________ to prevent follicle maturation
FSH
Which of the following is NOT a reason for using oral contraceptives?
To promote the release of multiple ovum.
The uterine artery and vein travel inside the _______________ to reach the uterus
cardinal ligament
During menopause, the decline in the production of __________________ by the ovaries is the primary factor in menopausal symptoms.
estrogen
Which hormone causes the endometrium to thicken during the proliferative phase?
estrogen
Which hormone stimulates the cervix to produce mucous just prior to ovulation?
estrogen
fibroid growth is stimulated by which hormone?
estrogen
which of the following is responsible for stimulating the contraction of the fallopian tubes to propel the egg toward the uterine cavity?
estrogen
What is the term for superior recess of the vagina caused by the extension of the cervix into the vaginal canal?
fornices
which of the following refers to the layer that is soughed off during mensturation?
functionalis layer
the innominate bones are a collective term for the:
hip bones
the uterine artery is a branch of the:
hypogastric artery
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released by the:
hypothalamus
Which of the following plays a part in the menstrual cycle?
hypothalamus
All of the following are bones of the pelvis except: A) ischium B) pubis C) Ileum D) coccyx
ileum
Which of the following structures is normally located lateral to the ovary?
iliopsoas muscles
which of the portions of the fallopian tube is described as trumpet shaped because it widens before it opens up into the pelvic peritoneal cavity?
infundibulum
The isthmus connects what two segments of the the fallopian tube?
interstitial and ampulla
Which of the following is correct regarding the internal iliac artery?
it normally courses anterior lateral to the internal iliac vein
What muscle connects the coccyx pubis bones and houses the openings for the urethra, vagina and rectum?
levator ani
While evaluating the vaginal cuff in transverse plane, you might notice a flat muscle extending laterally on both sides of the cuff. What muscle is this?
levator ani
Which two muscles form the pelvic diaphragm?
levator ani and coccygeus
What is the term for the imaginary line connecting superior sacrum to the symphysis pubis that separates the true and false pelvis
linea terminalis
The secretory phase of the endometrium corresponds with what phase of the ovarian cycle?
luteal
After menses the ovary enters the follicular phase until ovulation occurs. What is the next phase in the ovarian cycle?
luteal phase
The onset of menstration is called:
menarche
What is the free margin of the broad ligament where vessels and fallopian tube travels?
mesosalpinx
what is the term for the portion of the peritoneum connecting the anterior ovary to posterior broad liagament?
mesovarium
What ligmaents support the ovary?
mesovarium, infundibulopelvic, and ovarian
Which of the following terms refers to pain associated with ovulation
mittelschmerz
a bicornuate uterus is cased by an improper fusion of the __________________.
mullerian ducts
which of the following terms refers to a patient that is pregnant with her third child?
multigravida
which of the following terms refers to a patient that has delivered 3 children?
multiparous
Which uterine wall layer is composed of muscle and is involved in fetal delivery?
myometrium
Which pelvic muscles form the lateral pelvic walls?
obturator internus
what pelvic ligament connects the medial ovary to the lateral uterine wall?
ovarian
Which of the following is true regarding the female androgen levels?
overproduction of testosterone in a female can result in virilization
A dominant follicle is not an expected finding in which of the following patients?
patient using depo provera injections
Which of the following uterine wall layer is composed of fibrous connective tissue?
perimetrium
Which of the following pelvic muscles is most likely to be mistaken for the ovaries
piriformis
What muscles originate from the sacrum and connect to the greater trochanters to form the posterior wall of the pelvis?
piriformis muscles
luteinizing hormone (LH) is produced by the:
pituitary gland
The most likely place for free fluid in the female pelvis:
pouch of douglas
Which of the following patient types has a uterus that is described as having ja uterine body half the size of the cervix
prepubertal
Which of the following terms refers to a patient pregnant with their first child?
primigravida
Decreasing levels of _____________________ causes the onset of menses,
progesterone
__________________ stimulates the endometrial proliferation in the secretory phase to prepare for implantation.
progesterone
Which of the following muscles is located in the greater pelvis?
rectus abdominis
Which pair of muscles originate at the xyphoid process and connects to the symphysis pubis bone?
rectus abdominis
Which of the following structures is anterior to the ovary?
rectus abdominis muscle
Which of the following is not true regarding the broad ligament?
rigid structure that firmly holds the uterus in position in the pelvic cavity
Which pelvic space is located anterior to the bladder and called the retropubic space?
space of retzius
which of the following arteries supplies the functionalis layer of the endometrium?
spiral
Which of the following uterine ligaments are composed of peritoneum?
suspensory and broad ligaments
Which of the following statements regarding the uterus is correct?
the isthmus refers to the lower portion of the uterine body that connects to the uterus
In the late proliferative phase, the endometrium can appear to have a trilaminar appearance Sonographically. Which of the following correctly describes the endometrial appearance?
the outer layer will appear hyperechoic the middle layer hypoechoic, and the inner layer will appear as an echogenic line.
If volume measurements of the uterine corpus are obtained
the uterus is measured in 3 dimensions with the cervix excluded from the length
Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of the endometrium in a patient at day 20 of their menstrual cycle?
thick and hyperechoic
Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of a patient in day 12 of their menstrual cycle?
thick and trilaminar
Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of the endometrium in the late proliferative phase?
thick and trilaminar
Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of the endometrium in the secretory phase?
thick hyperechoic
A 58 year old female presents for a pelvic ultrasound. She states she is taking HRT and her lMP was 16 days ago. What is the expected appearance of her endometrium?
thick,hyperechoic
A patient presents for a pelvic ultrasound due to cramping and pain. She is 3 weeks post-partum after a vaginal delivery. Which of the following describes the normal appearance of the endometrium in the patient?
thin echogenic line
Which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of the endometrium in the early proliferative phase?
thin echogenic line
which of the following best describes the sonographic appearance of a patient in day 8 of their menstrual cycle?
thin echogenic line
The outlet of the ___________________ is covered by the hymen.
vagina
the external os of the cervix opens into the _______________________________, while the internal os of the cervix opens into the ________________.
vagina; uterine isthmus
Grand multiparity is defined as:
woman who has already delivered five or more infants who have achieved a gestational age of 24 weeks or more
