H. Biology Mastering Ch. 12 Intro (for 4/20 quiz)

(no picture) Which step in this process requires use of restriction enzymes? a. step A b. step B c. step C d. step D

b. (step B)

An advantage of using reverse transcriptase to prepare a gene for cloning is that a. reverse transcriptase is more efficient than RNA polymerase. b. the resulting DNA strand will lack introns. c. reverse transcriptase is more efficient than DNA polymerase. d. the resulting DNA strand will lack exons.

b. (the resulting DNA strand will lack introns.)

Genomic libraries can be constructed using either bacterial plasmids or what other vector? a. tRNA b. ribosomes c. bacteriophages d. human chromosomes

c. (bacteriophages)

(no picture) Which step in the creation of cDNA involves the use of reverse transcriptase? a. step 1 b. step 2 c. step 3 d. step 4

c. (step 3)

The process of accurately amplifying a sample of DNA is called __________________________. a. recombinant DNA b. short tandem repeats c. the polymerase chain reaction d. gel electrophoresis

c. (the polymerase chain reaction)

"Sticky ends" are a. DNA fragments with single-stranded ends. b. produced by PCR. c. always long sequences of a single nucleotide. d. produced by the action of DNA ligase.

a. (DNA fragments with single-stranded ends.)

Which of the following is the best definition of a genomic library? a. a collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes an organism's entire genome b. a collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes only exons from an organism's genome c. a collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes multiple organisms' genomes d. a collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes some parts of organism's genome

a. (a collection of cloned DNA fragments that includes an organism's entire genome)

A supplemental appendix is to a book as a ____________ is to a bacterial chromosome. a. plasmid b. restriction enzyme c. bacterium d. genetically modified organism

a. (plasmid)

When DNA from two sources is combined into one single piece of DNA, it is known as a. recombinant DNA. b. a vector. c. a plasmid. d. cloned DNA.

a. (recombinant DNA.)

Gel electrophoresis separates pieces of DNA based on _________. a. size b. sequence c. quantity d. charge

a. (size)

Which of the following statements about nucleic acid probes is false? a. A nucleic acid probe can be used to find a specific gene. b. A nucleic acid probe is a double-stranded section of DNA. c. A nucleic acid probe binds to a complementary sequence in the gene of interest. d. A nucleic acid probe is usually labeled with a radioactive isotope or fluorescent tag to help identify its location.

b. (A nucleic acid probe is a double-stranded section of DNA.)

________ are a major source of restriction enzymes. a. Plant cells b. Bacterial cells c. Human cells d. Archaea cells

b. (Bacterial cells)

After DNA fragments with matching sticky ends are temporarily joined by complementary base pairing, the union can be made permanent by the "pasting" enzyme a. DNA helicase. b. DNA ligase. c. ATP methylase. d. DNA polymerase.

b. (DNA ligase.)

A nucleic acid probe is a. an enzyme that locates a specific restriction site on RNA. b. a piece of radioactively labeled DNA that is used to locate a specific gene. c. a plasmid that recognizes a specific DNA sequence. d. a virus that transfers DNA to a recipient cell.

b. (a piece of radioactively labeled DNA that is used to locate a specific gene.)

The feature of "sticky ends" that makes them especially useful in DNA recombination is their ability to a. allow plasmids to attach to the main bacterial chromosome. b. form hydrogen-bonded base pairs with complementary single-stranded stretches of DNA. c. bind to DNA and thereby activate transcription. d. bind to ribosomes and thereby activate translation.

b. (form hydrogen-bonded base pairs with complementary single-stranded stretches of DNA.)

Biotechnology a. is a modern scientific discipline that has existed for only a few decades. b. has been around since the dawn of civilization. c. is strictly concerned with the manipulation of DNA. d. is generally considered more harmful than valuable to society.

b. (has been around since the dawn of civilization.)

In the process of human gene cloning using plasmids, the bacterial plasmid a. is cultured inside the human cell, which contains the gene to be cloned. b. is used as the vector. c. is the source of the gene to be cloned. d. is used to insert the human gene into the bacterial chromosome.

b. (is used as the vector.)

The enzyme that converts information stored in RNA to information stored in DNA is a. RNA polymerase. b. reverse transcriptase. c. DNA ligase. d. a restriction enzyme.

b. (reverse transcriptase.)

Which of the following is an example of a transgenic organism? a. Dolly, the cloned sheep b. a bacterium found with a plasmid that provides protection against an antibiotic c. a "test-tube" baby produced via in vitro fertilization d. a bacterium with human gene for producing insulin

d. (a bacterium with human gene for producing insulin)

A cDNA library differs from a genomic library in that a. genomic libraries are only stored in bacterial cells. b. the cDNA was constructed from introns only. c. cDNA libraries are more stable. d. cDNA libraries only contain information from genes that have been transcribed.

d. (cDNA libraries only contain information from genes that have been transcribed.)

Restriction enzymes __________________________. a. copy DNA b. restrict access to the DNA of a cell c. bind DNA together at specific nucleotide sequences d. cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences

d. (cut DNA at specific nucleotide sequences)

Restriction enzymes a. facilitate nucleotide base pairing. b. bind together strands of DNA. c. stop transcription and translation. d. cut DNA at specific sites.

d. (cut DNA at specific sites.)

The production of multiple identical copies of gene-sized pieces of DNA defines a. genetic engineering. b. transformation. c. DNA technology. d. gene cloning.

d. (gene cloning.)

DNA ligase binds a. recombinant DNA to transformed bacterial cells. b. recombinant DNA to recombinant proteins. c. nucleotide base pairs together. d. nucleotides in the DNA backbone together.

d. (nucleotides in the DNA backbone together.)

Restriction enzymes specifically recognize and cut short sequences of DNA called a. introns. b. sticky ends. c. exons. d. restriction sites.

d. (restriction sites.)

When plasmids are used to produce a desired protein, a. the plasmids are inserted into the bacterial chromosome. b. the bacterial genome and plasmid are inserted into the genome of the cell containing the desired gene (often the cell of a plant or animal). c. the plasmids multiply and produce the protein outside of the bacterium. d. the desired gene is inserted into the plasmid, and the plasmid is returned to the bacterium by transformation.

d. (the desired gene is inserted into the plasmid, and the plasmid is returned to the bacterium by transformation.)