H.A. Ch. 16

The anterior ramus of a typical spinal nerve innervated the A) deep muscles of the back and the skin of the back. B) major thoracic and abdominal organs. C) abdominal wall. D) anterior and lateral trunk and the limbs. E) special senses

Anterior and lateral trunk and the limbs

The embryonic feature that gives rise to the anterior and lateral horns of gray matter and part of the gray commiserate is the _______ plate. A) basal B) alar C) ulnar D) anterior E) posterior

Basal

A spinal nerve contains A) motor axons only. B) sensory axons only. C) both motor axons and sensory axons.

Both motor axons and sensory axons

An individual receives a knife wound to the axillary region. The nerve plexus most likely to be damaged is the A) cervical. B) coccygeal. C) sacral. D) lumbar. E) brachial.

Brachial

The plexus that supplies the upper limbs are the ______ plexus A) cervical B) brachial C) branchial D) lumbar E) coccygeal

Brachial

This structure contains unmyelinated axons and serves as a communication route between the right and left sides of the gray matter in the spinal cord. A) Gray commissure B) White commissure C) Lateral commissure D) Posterior commissure E) Denticulate ligaments

Gray commissure

A diminished reflex response that may indicate damage to a segment of the spinal cord is a(n) ______ reflex. A) hypoactive B) hyperactive C) diminutive D) ponderous E) excessive

Hypoactive

If a person suffers a thorax-crushing injury and is unable to breath properly, you would suspect that this nerve was damaged. A) Transverse cervical nerve B) Accessory nerve C) Phrenic nerve D) Sciatic nerve E) Greater auricular nerve

Phrenic nerve

Which nerve is highlighted below as it emerges from the cervical plexus, ultimately to innervated the diaphragm? A) Lesser occipital nerve B) Phrenic nerve C) Transverse cervical nerve D) Greater auricular nerve E) Subscapular nerve

Phrenic nerve

What reflex flexes the toes when the inferior surface of the foot is stroked? A) Cremasteric reflex B) Patellar reflex C) Abdominal reflex D) Achilles reflex E) Plantar reflex

Plantar reflex

A network of interwoven anterior rami of spinal nerves is a A) ramus. B) communicans. C) ganglion. D) dermatome. E) plexus.

Plexus

The cell bodies of sensory neurons are located in the A) posterior root ganglion. B) anterior funiculus. C) gray commissure. D) anterior horn. E) posterior funiculus.

Posterior root ganglion

The Golgi tendon reflex A) helps to overcome pain. B) aids in sending sensory information to the muscles. C) prevents skeletal muscles from tensing excessively. D) prevents muscles from contracting. E) helps to gain balance through a complex series of muscular contractions.

Prevents skeletal muscles from tensing excessively

This nerve receives sensation from the skin of the external genitalia A) Pudendal nerve B) Sciatic nerve C) Obturator nerve D) Genitofemoral nerve E) Tibial nerve

Pudendal nerve

Following an injury to his arm, a patient complains that he cannot extend the forearm, wrist and digits. You suspect that he has damaged the A) median nerve. B) radial nerve. C) musculocutaneous nerve. D) ulnar nerve. E) axillary nerve.

Radial nerve

A rapid, automatic, involuntary reaction of muscles or glands to a particular stimulus is a(an) A) autonomic reaction. B) motor impulse. C) receptor stimulation. D) reflex. E) subconscious impulse.

Reflex

Which structure is highlighted? A) Roots of lumbar plexus B) Roots of brachial plexus C) Roots of coccygeal plexus D) Roots of sacral plexus E) Roots of cervical plexus

Roots of brachial plexus

The largest and longest nerve in the body is the ________ nerve. A) femoral B) radial C) sciatic D) obturator E) saphenous

Sciatic

Injury to this nerve causes the condition known as sciatica A) Femoral nerve B) Sciatic nerve C) Obturator nerve D) Genitofemoral nerve E) Tibial nerve

Sciatic nerve

As a bored student kicks the coir in front of him, a nucleus writhing the gray matter of the spinal cord is involved in sending impulses to muscles in his anterior thigh, causing his knee to extend. In other words, the motor information is sent by __________ nuclei. A) sensory B) visceral sensory C) somatic sensory D) autonomic motor E) somatic motor

Somatic motor

A nucleus within the gray matter of the spinal cord receives information from sensory receptors detecting pain from a splinter in the skin. In other words, the sensory information is received by ____________ nuclei. A) sensory B) visceral sensory C) somatic sensory D) autonomic motor E) somatic motor.

Somatic sensory

In lumbar puncture (spinal tap), fluid is extracted from the A) central canal of the spinal cord. B) space just superficial to the dura mater. C) space between the dura mater and arachnoid mater. D) space just deep to the pia mater. E) space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater.

Space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater

The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain A) central canal of the spinal cord. B) space just superficial to the dura mater. C) space between the dura mater and arachnoid mater. D) space just deep to the pia mater. E) space between the arachnoid mater and pia mater.

Space just deep the pia mater

A monosynaptic reflex that monitors and regulates skeletal muscle length is a _______ reflex. A) withdrawal B) flexor C) Golgi tendon D) stretch E) hypoactive

Stretch

Which space associated with the spinal cord meninges contains cerebrospinal fluid? A) Epidural space B) Subdural space C) Subarachnoid space D) Epiarachnoid space E) Subpial space

Subarachnoid space

Which of these spinal nerve counts is incorrect? A) Thoracic nerves = 8 pairs B) Cervical nerves = 8 pairs C) Lumbar nerves = 5 pairs D) Sacral nerves = 5 pairs E) Coccygeal nerves = 1 pair

Thoracic nerves = 8 pairs

This nerve helps to plant the foot A) Femoral nerve B) Sciatic nerve C) Obturator nerve D) Genitofemoral nerve E) Tibial nerve

Tibial nerve

A dermatome is a specific segment of skin supplied by a single spinal nerve

True

All spinal nerves are mixed nerves

True

In general, nerves from the posterior division of the brachial plexus tend to innervated muscles that extend the parts of the upper limb.

True

In the brain, the outer cerebral cortex consists of gray matter, but in the spinal cord, gray matter is confined to the innermost regions

True

Interneurons are not involved in a typical monosynaptic reflex

True

The spinal cord allows for two-way communication between the brain and body

True

The spinal cord and spinal nerves are exclusively responsible for some reflexes.

True

There are _______ synapses present in this example of a reflex are. Therefore, the response to a stimulus would be faster as compared to a reflex with __________. A) two; more than two B) two; less than two C) three; less than three D) three; more than three

Two, more than two

Following an injury to his arm, a patient complains that he has no sensations from his "pinky". You suspect that he has damaged the A) median nerve. B) radial nerve. C) musculocutaneous nerve. D) ulnar nerve. E) axillary nerve.

Ulnar nerve

Which nuclei are located in the lateral horns and are responsible for speeding up heart rate during an exciting event A) sensory B) visceral sensory C) somatic sensory D) autonomic motor E) somatic motor

Visceral sensory

Stepping on a piece of glass would most likely invoke a _________ reflex. A) Golgi tendon B) withdrawal C) stretch D) pain E) motor

Withdrawal

Which space associated with the spinal cord meninges contains areolar connective tissue, blood vessels, and adipose connective tissue? A) Subarachnoid space B) Epidural space C) Central canal D) Subdural space E) Epiarachnoid space

Epidural space

There is no delay between stimulus and response in a polysynaptic reflex

False

The nerve chiefly responsible for knee extension is the ___________ nerve. A) femoral B) sciatic C) obturator D) genitofemoral E) tibial

Femoral

A typical spinal cord in an adult is A) 24-26 inches long. B) 12-14 inches long. C) 8-10 inches long. D) 16-18 inches long. E) 20-24 inches long

16-18 inches long

There are ____ pairs of spinal nerves A) 13 B) 31 C) 40 D) 51 E) 12

31

What is the correct order for the events that occur during a reflex? a: Impulse travels through sensory neuron to the CNS b: A stimulus activates a receptor c: Information is processed by interneurons d: Motor neuron transmits impulse to effector e: Effector responds A) a, b, c, d, e B) b, a, c, d, e C) c, b, a, e, d D) c, a, b, d, e E) b, d, c, a, e

B,a,c,d,e 1. A stimulus activates a receptor 2. Impulse travels through sensory neuron to the CNS 3. Information is processed by interneurons 4. Motor neuron transmits impulse to effector 5. Effector responds

The thin strand of pia mater that helps to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx is the A) conus medullaris. B) cervical enlargement. C) terminus coccyx. D) filum terminale. E) coccygeal tendon.

Filum terminale

An accident victim has severed all spinal nerves that contribute to the brachial plexus. What specific facial nerves were damaged? A) S1-Co1 B) L1-L5 C) C5-T1 D) L4-S4 E) C1-C5

C5-T1

Spinal nerves exit the vertebral canal and travel through an intervertebral foramen above or below the vertebra of the same number. The exception is A) C4. B) C8. C) T1. D) L5. E) S8.

C8

The nerve roots projecting inferiorly from the spinal cord are collectively called the A) terminal finale. B) cauda equina. C) terminus filus. D) caudal terminale. E) caudus finalis.

Cauda equina

What spinal cord structure is highlighted? A) Cervical region B) Conus medullaris C) Thoracic region D) Cauda equina

Cauda equina

The lateral horns of the spinal cord contain A) axons of motor neurons and interneuron cell bodies. B) axons of sensory and motor neurons. C) axons of interneurons. D) axons of sensory neurons and interneuron cell bodies. E) cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons.

Cell bodies of autonomic motor neurons

A medical student examines sections from each region of the spinal cord. She notes that one section has the largest diameter compared to the others, is oval in shape, and has a large proportion of white matter compared to gray matter. She is looking at the A) thoracic B) cervical C) lumbar D) sacral E) coccygeal

Cervical

Th plexuses that lie on either side of the neck are the ______ plexuses A) cervical B) coccygeal C) lumbar D) radial E) mandibular

Cervical

What is the correct order for the parts of the spinal cord, from superior to inferior? A) Cervical - thoracic - sacral - coccygeal - lumbar B) Cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal C) Thoracic - lumbar - sacral - cervical - coccygeal D) Thoracic - cervical - lumbar - coccygeal - sacral E) Thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal - cervical

Cervical - thoracic - lumbar - sacral - coccygeal

The inferior tip of the spinal cord is ____________ part. A) thoracic B) lumbar C) coccygeal D) cervical E) sacral

Coccygeal

Late one night you are leaving the science building during a massive snowstorm. As you approach your car, your right foot suddenly slips on a patch of ice. Your left leg immediately stiffens as you try to regain your balance. The reflex action you relied upon is most correctly known as a(n) A) multisynaptic reflex. B) unilateral reflex. C) ipsilateral reflex. D) contralateral reflex. E) None of the choices is correct.

Contra lateral reflex

The reflex that elevates the testes within the scrotum when the medial side of the thigh is briskly stroked is a(n) ______ reflex. A) plantar B) abdominal C) cremasteric D) genital E) scrotal

Cremasteric

The posterior ramus of a typical spinal nerve innervated the A) deep muscles of the back and the skin of the back. B) major thoracic and abdominal organs. C) abdominal wall. D) anterior and lateral trunk and the limbs. E) special senses.

Deep muscles of the back and the skin of the back

A ________ is a specific segment of skin that is supplied by a single spinal nerve.

Dermatome

Which structure is highlighted? A) Ventral rootlets B) Ventral root C) Dorsal root ganglion D) Dorsal root E) Dorsal rootlets

Dorsal root ganglion

The plexus formed from the anterior rami of L4-S4 is the _______ plexus. A) intercostal B) cervical C) brachial D) lumbar E) sacral

Intercostal

The anterior rami of T1-T11 are called A) dorsal plexuses. B) anterior plexuses. C) intercostal nerves. D) branchial nerves. E) cervical nerves.

Intercostal nerves

A reflex arc in which both the receptor and effector organs of the reflex are on the same side of the spinal cord is A) monosynaptic. B) polysynaptic. C) ipsilateral. D) contralateral. E) None of the choices is correct.

Ipsilateral

The adult spinal cord extends inferiorly from the brain through the vertebral canal and ends at the level of the _______ vertebra. A) S 4 B) L 1 C) L 6 D) S 1 E) T 8

L1

Which are NOT spinal nerve branches? A) Rami communicantes B) Posterior rami C) Anterior rami D) Lateral rami E) No exceptions; all of the choices are spinal nerve branches

Lateral rami

Carpal tunnel syndrome involves compression of the nerve passing through the carpal tunnel. This nerve is the A) median nerve. B) radial nerve. C) musculocutaneous nerve. D) ulnar nerve. E) axillary nerve

Median nerve

Following an injury to his arm, a patient complains that he has no sensations from the thumb, index finger, middle finger, and part of the ring finger. You suspect that he has damaged the A) median nerve. B) radial nerve. C) musculocutaneous nerve. D) ulnar nerve. E) axillary nerve.

Median nerve

The tapered, conical inferior end of the spinal cord is called the conus A) finalis. B) medullaris. C) equine. D) caudalis.

Medullaris

The simple knee-jerk reflex is an example of a(n) _________ reflex. A) ipsilateral B) contralateral C) monosynaptic D) crossed-extensor E) multisynaptic

Monosynaptic

The simplest reflex is the ________ reflex. A) multisynaptic B) unilateral C) monosynaptic D) polysynaptic E) multilateral

Monosynaptic

Following an injury to his arm, a patient complains that he has lost the ability to flex his elbow and supinate his forearm. You suspect that he has damaged the A) median nerve. B) radial nerve. C) musculocutaneous nerve. D) ulnar nerve. E) axillary nerve.

Musculocutaneous nerve.

Which structure is highlighted? A) Ventral ramus B) Gray ramus communicans C) White ramus communicans D) Dorsal ramus E) Spinal nerve

spinal nerve