H.A. ch. 19

The eye measures about ________ in diameter. A)2.5 mm B)12.5 mm C)2.5 cm D)12.5 cm E)22.5 cm

2.5 cm

Ear development begins during the _____ week of embryonic life. A) 1st B) 2nd C) 4th D) 6th E) 8th

4th

Gustatory cells within a taste bud are specialized neuroepithelial cells that have a(n) _________ life span. A)24-hour B)7−10 day C)2−4 week D)1 year E)undetermined

7−10 day

Accommodation of the lens occurs when A) ciliary muscles contract. B) the ciliary body moves closer to the lens. C) parasympathetic axons stimulate the ciliary muscles. D) the lens becomes more spherical. E) All of these choices are correct.

All of these choices are correct.

What is lysozyme? A)An antiviral agent in tears B)An enzyme produced by the eyelids C)A protein that forms the vitreous body D)An antibacterial component of tears

An antibacterial component of tears

There are four types of encapsulated receptors. Select the exception. A)End bulbs B)Lamellated corpuscles C)Arrector pili corpuscles D)Bulbous corpuscles E)Tactile corpuscles

Arrector pili corpuscles

A student is looking at a section of the olfactory epithelium under the microscope. She is looking for olfactory hairs. Where would you direct her to look? A) The lamina propria B) At the apical surface of olfactory neurons C) Within the olfactory glands D) At the apical surface of supporting cells E) The basal cell surface facing the mucus layer

At the apical surface of olfactory neurons

Some sensory receptors detect the stretch of specific blood vessels, which provides blood pressure information to the brain. Which of the following properly classifies these receptors? A)Chemoreceptors B)Thermoreceptors C)Photoreceptors D)Mechanoreceptors E)Baroreceptors

Baroreceptors

There are five basic taste sensations. Select the one mismatched with its causative agent. A) Sweet; organic compounds such as sugar B) Sour; hydrogen ions from acids such as those in lemons C) Salty; metal ions such as potassium or sodium D) Bitter; acids such as those in toxins or poisons E) Umami; amino acids such as glutamate or aspartate found in chicken soup

Bitter; acids such as those in toxins or poisons

Which is NOT a cell type found in the olfactory epithelium? A) Olfactory receptor cell B) Supporting cell C) Basal cell D) Bowman's cell E) No exceptions; all are found in the olfactory epithelium

Bowman's cell

Which of the following receptors would detect the distortion of the skin that may occur during severe swelling in an area? A) End bulbs B) Lamellated corpuscles C) Arrector pili corpuscles D) Bulbous corpuscles E) Tactile corpuscles

Bulbous corpuscles

Sensory receptors in some blood vessels monitor levels of carbon dioxide in the blood. Which of the following properly classifies these receptors? A)Chemoreceptors B)Thermoreceptors C)Photoreceptors D)Mechanoreceptors E)Baroreceptors

Chemoreceptors

Tactile corpuscles of the dermis detect light touch. Which of the following properly classifies these receptors? A) Interoceptors B) Exteroceptors C) Proprioceptors D) Nociceptors E) Thermoreceptors

Exteroceptors

"Far-sighted" people suffer from emmetropia.

FALSE

All axons from the right optic nerve cross over at the optic chiasm and pass to the left side of the brain.

FALSE

Gustatory receptors are classified as mechanoreceptors, because food molecules must be dissolved in saliva before they can be tasted.

FALSE

The olfactory system can recognize as many as 50−60 different primary odors as well as many thousands of other chemical stimuli.

FALSE

The otolithic membrane functions in hearing and in maintaining equilibrium.

FALSE

The reason we can detect so many different odors is because each olfactory neuron is slightly different than the others, allowing for a wide range of odor sensations.

FALSE

The retina is composed of two layers: an inner pigmented layer and an outer neural layer.

FALSE

Which of the following types of papillae could be removed from a tongue without affecting the ability to taste food? A)Papiform B)Filiform C)Fungiform D)Vallate E)Foliate

Filiform

Which cells form connections between photoreceptor and bipolar cells? A) Vertical cells B) Amacrine cells C) Posterior cells D) Anterior cells E) Horizontal cells

Horizontal cells

Where is the greatest concentration of cones located? A) In the optic disc B) In the macula lutea C) In the fovea centralis D) In the posterior retina E) In the optic nerve

In the fovea centralis

Where would you find the protein crystallin? A) In the retina B) In the ciliary body C) In the choroids D) In the lens E) In the optic nerve

In the lens

Some sensory receptors in the stomach wall detect distension (stretch) as the stomach fills. Which of the following properly classifies these receptors? A)Interoceptors B)Exteroceptors C)Proprioceptors D)Nociceptors E)Thermoreceptors

Interoceptors

When an object is placed 12 inches from the face, how will the lens change to help focus on the object? A) It will flatten and therefore refract light more strongly. B) It will thicken and therefore refract light more strongly. C)It will flatten and therefore refract light less strongly. D) It will thicken and therefore refract light less strongly.

It will thicken and therefore refract light more strongly.

What inner ear structure detects linear acceleration and deceleration movements of the head? A) Ampullae B) Spiral organ C) Maculae D) Auditory ossicles E) Scala vestibuli

Maculae

Lamellated corpuscles detect deep pressure applied to the skin. Which of the following properly classifies these receptors? A)Chemoreceptors B)Thermoreceptors C)Photoreceptors D)Mechanoreceptors E)Baroreceptors

Mechanoreceptors

These receptors respond to pain caused by external and internal stimuli. A)Chemoreceptors B)Thermoreceptors C)Photoreceptors D)Mechanoreceptors E)Nociceptors

Nociceptors

What part of the retina lacks photoreceptors? A) Optic disc B) Macula lutea C) Fovea centralis D) Posterior retina E) All of the choices are correct.

Optic disc

Which of these is NOT part of the eyelid? A)Tarsal plate B)Tarsal glands C)Palpebral part of the orbicularis oris muscle D)Palpebral conjunctiva E)Thin layer of skin

Palpebral part of the orbicularis oris muscle

There are four types of papillae on the tongue. Select the exception. A) Papiform B)Filiform C)Fungiform D)Vallate E)Foliate

Papiform

These receptors detect changes in light intensity, color, and movement. A)Chemoreceptors B)Thermoreceptors C)Photoreceptors D)Mechanoreceptors E)Baroreceptors

Photoreceptors

Which eye feature provides vitamin A for photoreceptor cells? A)Cornea B)Conjunctiva C)Sclera D)Pigmented layer of the retina E)Neural layer of the retina

Pigmented layer of the retina

Sensory receptors detect muscle stretch in the hamstrings while an athlete touches his toes. Which of the following properly classifies these receptors? A)Interoceptors B)Exteroceptors C)Proprioceptors D)Nociceptors E)Thermoreceptors

Proprioceptors

Which photoreceptor cells are functioning as you walk to the bathroom at night when no lights are on? A)Rods B)Cones

Rods

Which photoreceptor cells are more numerous? A)Rods B)Cones

Rods

On a warm spring day you feel the wisp of a gentle wind on your arm. What receptor could be responsible for this? A)Root hair plexus B)Lamellated corpuscle C)Bulbous corpuscle D)Olfactory receptor cell E)Basal cell

Root hair plexus

There are three types of unencapsulated tactile receptors. Select the exception. A)Free nerve endings B)Sebaceous filaments C)Root hair plexuses D)Tactile discs

Sebaceous filaments

All embryonic germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm) contribute to ear formation.

TRUE

Olfactory receptor cells are modified bipolar neurons that bear olfactory hairs.

TRUE

Olfactory receptor cells can undergo mitosis to replace aged cells.

TRUE

Suspensory ligaments function to change the shape of the lens within the eye.

TRUE

The eye begins to develop during the fourth week of embryonic development.

TRUE

The fibrous tunic of the eye is composed of two parts. What are they? A) The cornea and the sclera B) The conjunctiva and the cornea C) The conjunctiva and the sclera D) The sclera and the retina E) The sclera and the uvea

The cornea and the sclera

Which statement regarding the cornea is not true? A) The cornea lacks blood vessels (it is avascular). B) The cornea lacks nerves (it is aneural). C) The external corneal epithelium receives nourishment from lacrimal gland secretions. D) The cornea serves to refract light rays. E) The internal corneal epithelium obtains oxygen from fluid in the anterior chamber of the eye.

The cornea lacks nerves (it is aneural).

Which is not correct about the vascular tunic of the eye? A) The choroid is the most extensive and posterior region of the vascular tunic. B) Melanin pigment granules in the choroid absorb extraneous light. C) The ciliary body epithelium secretes aqueous humor. D) Relaxation and contraction of ciliary muscles alter the shape of the lens. E) The iris is composed of two groups of skeletal muscle fibers.

The iris is composed of two groups of skeletal muscle fibers.

An individual is taking a shower when the warm water slowly runs out. Receptors in his skin detect this slight change. Which of the following properly classifies these receptors? A)Chemoreceptors B)Thermoreceptors C)Photoreceptors D)Mechanoreceptors E)Baroreceptors

Thermoreceptors

What is the function of the auditory tube? A) To transmit sound waves to the inner ear B) To equalize air pressure between the atmosphere and the middle ear C) To prevent the invasion of microorganisms into the inner ear D) To provide a passageway for fluid from the middle to the inner ear E) To provide an airway between the middle and inner ear

To equalize air pressure between the atmosphere and the middle ear

Which structure is NOT considered to be part of the membranous labyrinth? A) Vestibule B) Semicircular duct C) Saccule D) Cochlear duct E) Utricle

Vestibule

Where is the saccule located? A) Within the middle ear B) Lateral tothe auditory ossicles C) Within the cochlea D) Within the vestibule E) In the auditory tube

Within the vestibule

Order the items that describe the sensation pathway for taste. a: Primary axons pass along cranial nerves VII and IX b: Primary neurons synapse in the nucleus solitarius c: Secondary neurons synapse in the thalamus d: Tertiary neurons travel to the cerebral gustatory cortex A) a, b, c, d B) b, c, a, d C) a, d, b, c D) d, c, b, a E) c, d, a, b

a, b, c, d

Which sequence correctly traces the pathway of aqueous humor in the eye? a: Aqueous humor is secreted by epithelial ciliary cells. b: Aqueous humor is released into the posterior chamber. c: Aqueous humor is drained into the scleral venous sinus. d: Aqueous humor washes over the lens and then passes through the pupil into the anterior chamber. A) a, b, c, d B) b, a, c, d C) a, b, d, c D) d, a, c, b E) a, c, b, d

a, b, d, c a: Aqueous humor is secreted by epithelial ciliary cells. b: Aqueous humor is released into the posterior chamber. d: Aqueous humor washes over the lens and then passes through the pupil into the anterior chamber. c: Aqueous humor is drained into the scleral venous sinus.

Which sequence correctly traces the visual pathway followed by the majority of axons? a: Optic nerve b: Optic chiasm c: Occipital lobe d: Lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus A) a, b, c, d B) b, a, d, c C) a, d, c, b D) c, a, b, d E) a, b, d, c

a, b, d, c a: Optic nerve b: Optic chiasm d: Lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus c: Occipital lobe

What is the correct chronological sequence of events for hearing? a: The tympanic membrane vibrates b: Ossicles vibrate c: Spiral organ hair cells convert stimulus to nerve impulse d: Pressure wave vibrations are transferred to scala tympani and exit the inner ear via the round window e: Pressure waves from oval window travel through the scala vestibuli A) a, b, c, e, d B) b, c, d, e, a C) c, b, a, d, e D) a, b, e, c, d E) e, c, d, a, b

a, b, e, c, d a: The tympanic membrane vibrates b: Ossicles vibrate e: Pressure waves from oval window travel through the scala vestibuli c: Spiral organ hair cells convert stimulus to nerve impulse d: Pressure wave vibrations are transferred to scala tympani and exit the inner ear via the round window

A child places herfeet in a mountain stream and it is shockingly cold. After a while, she claims it's not so bad as she is now "used to it." This reduction in sensitivity to the cold water is called A)sensation. B)conscious awareness. C)adaptation. D)transduction.

adaptation.

Glaucoma causes A) stretching of the suspensory ligaments. B) shrinkage of the ciliary body. C) a decrease in the size of the vitreous humor. D) an enlarged cornea. E) an increase in pressure in the posterior chamber.

an increase in pressure in the posterior chamber.

What is the correct sequence for lacrimal fluid production and drainage? a: Tears disperse across the surface of the eye. b: Tears are produced by the lacrimal gland. c: Fluid drains through the nasolacrimal duct. d: Fluid enters the nasal cavity. e: Fluid enters the lacrimal canaliculi and collects in the lacrimal sac. A) a, b, c, d, e B) b, a, c, d, e C) c, a, d, b, e D) b, a, e, c, d E) c, a, b, e, d

b, a, e, c, d b: Tears are produced by the lacrimal gland. a: Tears disperse across the surface of the eye. e: Fluid enters the lacrimal canaliculi and collects in the lacrimal sac. c: Fluid drains through the nasolacrimal duct. d: Fluid enters the nasal cavity.

Order the eye tunics from outermost to innermost. a: Neural tunic b: Fibrous tunic c: Vascular tunic A) a, b, c B) b, a, c C) b, c, a D) c, a, b

b, c, a b: Fibrous tunic c: Vascular tunic a: Neural tunic

Olfactory receptor cells are _____ neurons. A) multipolar B) unipolar C) bipolar

bipolar

The vascular tunic of the eye (the uvea) has three distinct regions. From anterior to posterior, what are they? a: Ciliary body b: Choroid c: Iris A) a, b, c B) b, a, c C) c, a, b D) c, b, a E) b, c, a

c, a, b c: Iris a: Ciliary body b: Choroid

Arrange the middle ear bones from lateral to medial. a: Stapes b: Incus c: Malleus A) a, b, c B) b, a, c C) c, a, b D) a, c, b E) c, b, a

c, b, a c: Malleus b: Incus a: Stapes

The feature of the eye that secretes aqueous humor is the A)cornea. B)conjunctiva. C)ciliary body. D)pigmented layer of the retina. E)neural layer of the retina.

ciliary body.

The lens of the eye flattens when A) ciliary muscles contract. B) ciliary muscles relax. C) extrinsic eye muscles contract. D) extrinsic eye muscles relax. E) intrinsic muscles of the iris contract.

ciliary muscles relax.

The eye structure that transmits and refracts incoming light is the A)iris. B)pupil. C)ciliary body. D)cornea. E)conjunctiva.

cornea.

If you were to cut a cross section of the retina and examine it under a microscope, what would be the order of features from the choroid to the posterior cavity? a: Rods and cones b: Ganglionic axons progressing to the optic nerve c: Bipolar cells d: Ganglion cells e: Pigmented retina A) a, b, c, d, e B) e, a, c, d, b C) c, a, e, d, b D) d, e, a, b, c E) e, d, c, b, a

e, a, c, d, b e: Pigmented retina a: Rods and cones c: Bipolar cells d: Ganglion cells b: Ganglionic axons progressing to the optic nerve

What is the correct order for structures in the nervous system pathway for hearing? a: Thalamic neurons project to the auditory cortex. b: Axons project to inferior colliculi or superior olivary nucleus. c: Axons terminate in the cochlear nucleus in the brainstem. d: Axons from inferior colliculus project to the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. e: Impulse travels in cochlear nerve sensory fibers. A) e, c, b, d, a B) b, c, d, e, a C) c, b, a, d, e D) e, d, c, a, b E) a, b, e, c, d

e, c, b, d, a e: Impulse travels in cochlear nerve sensory fibers. c: Axons terminate in the cochlear nucleus in the brainstem. b: Axons project to inferior colliculi or superior olivary nucleus. d: Axons from inferior colliculus project to the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus. a: Thalamic neurons project to the auditory cortex.

The least developed of the papilla types are the ______ papillae, which house only a few taste buds during infancy and early childhood. A)papiform B)filiform C)fungiform D)vallate E)foliate

foliate

A small, distant object is viewed in perfect, crisp focus. Light from this object must be striking the A) optic disc. B) macula lutea. C) fovea centralis. D) regions of the retina most densely packed with rods.

fovea centralis.

The papillae located on the tip and sides of the tongue that contain only a few taste buds each are the _______ papillae. A)papiform B)filiform C)fungiform D)vallate E)foliate

fungiform

Eyelids serve two purposes: one is to protect the eye and the other is to A) help distribute blood to the eye surface. B) help distribute lacrimal fluid to cleanse and lubricate the surface. C) help spread antiviral solution. D) help to control the transmission of the nerve impulse to the retina. E) prevent excess mucus from obscuring vision.

help distribute lacrimal fluid to cleanse and lubricate the surface.

A physician shines a light into the right eye of a patient, and the pupil size decreases. The structure responsible for this change in pupil size is the A)ora serrata. B)suspensory ligament. C)iris. D)cornea. E)anterior chamber.

iris.

The receptors responsible for detecting deep pressure and high-frequency vibration are A)end bulbs. B)lamellated corpuscles. C)arrector pili corpuscles. D)bulbous corpuscles. E)tactile corpuscles.

lamellated corpuscles.

The feature of the eye that converts light rays to nerve impulses is the A)cornea. B)conjunctiva. C)sclera. D)pigmented layer of the retina. E)neural layer of the retina.

neural layer of the retina.

The conjunctiva that cover the anterior surface of the eye is termed the _____ conjunctiva. A)palpebral B)retinal C)ocular D)epithelial E)visceral

ocular

The conjunctiva that lines the internal surface of the eyelids is termed the _____ conjunctiva. A)palpebral B)retinal C)ocular D)epithelial E)visceral

palpebral

The primary function of eyebrows is to A) allow the appropriate amount of light to enter the eye. B) prevent excess light from entering the eye. C) prevent objects from striking the eye. D) prevent sweat from dripping into the open eye. E) form a protective barrier of fat and hair to help shade the eye.

prevent sweat from dripping into the open eye.

The sclera A) provides shape and blood to the inner eye. B) protects the inner eye and provides shape to the eye. C) supplies oxygen to the retina. D) supplies nourishment to the inner eye. E) is the major layer of blood vessels and nerves to the eye.

protects the inner eye and provides shape to the eye.

Imagine a pin touched to the skin of an individual, activating a specific receptor cell. When that pin is moved to another location, the receptor cell is no longer stimulated. In other words, the pin was moved outside of the receptor cell's A) sensory field. B) receptive field. C) stimulus area. D) adaptative radius. E) transducer field.

receptive field.

A person having a heart attack may feel pain along the medial side of the left arm. This pain is known as A)referred pain. B)phantom pain. C)selected pain. D)covert pain. E)masked pain.

referred pain.

The optic vesicles are the first eye structures to form during embryonic development, and are the future ________ of the eye. A)choroid B)sclera C)lens D)retina E)cornea

retina

Conscious awareness of incoming sensory information is called A)sensation. B)reception. C)stimulation. D)adaptation. E)transduction.

sensation.

Changes in the external and internal environment can produce ________ that are detected by the sensory system. A)sensations B)receptors C)stimuli D)adaptations E)transducers

stimuli

The conjunctiva is composed of _____ epithelium. A)simple squamous B)simple cuboidal C)stratified columnar D)simple columnar E)stratified squamous

stratified columnar

Phasic receptors for light touch and texture are A)end bulbs. B)lamellated corpuscles. C)arrector pili corpuscles. D)bulbous corpuscles. E)tactile corpuscles.

tactile corpuscles.

The most numerous type of receptor in the body is the A)chemoreceptor. B)tactile receptor. C)thermoreceptor. D)nociceptor. E)photoceptor.

tactile receptor.

Your grandmother complains that the meal she just ate was rather bland or tasteless. This is because as an elderly person, her A) taste buds are increasing in number but decreasing in sensitivity. B) taste buds are decreasing in number but increasing in sensitivity. C) taste buds are decreasing in number and decreasing in sensitivity. D) taste buds have not changed, but her taste center in the cerebral cortex has changed.

taste buds are decreasing in number and decreasing in sensitivity.

The middle and inner ear are housed within the _____ bone. A) sphenoid B) maxillary C) frontal D) occipital E) temporal

temporal

The structural continuity between the cornea and the sclera is called A) the substantia propria. B) the limbus. C) the uvea. D) Decemet's membrane. E) Schlemm's membrane.

the limbus.

The reason that certain odors can initiate behavioral and emotional reactions is because A) the olfactory pathway is connected directly to the medulla oblongata. B) there are widespread olfactory associations within the hypothalamus and limbic system. C) olfactory sensations are interpreted at the prefrontal cortex. D) the olfactory pathway is connected directly to the occipital lobe. E) the sense of olfaction occurs immediately at the olfactory epithelium.

there are widespread olfactory associations within the hypothalamus and limbic system.

The least numerous but the largest of the papillae are arranged as a V-shape on the posterior dorsal surface of the tongue. They contain the majority of taste buds and are called _____ papillae. A)papiform B)filiform C)fungiform D)vallate E)foliate

vallate

The gelatinous mass inside of the eye is called the A)lacrimal secretion. B)mucoid body. C)vitreous humor. D)hyaloid mass.E)scleroid humor.

vitreous humor.