half of chapter 6
canaliculi
allows direct passage of nutrients between osteocytes
articular cartilage
covers bones at joints, no perichondrium
compact bone
dense bone with more matrix and less space
periosteum outer layer
dense irregular connective tissue with blood vessels and nerves
perichondrium
double layer ct sheath that covers cartilage except at articulations
fetuses bone marrow vs. adults
red vs. yellow
bone remodeling
removing old bone and adding new bone
flat bone
rib, sternum, skull, scapula, no diaphysis or epiphysis
short bone
carpal and tarsal
medullary cavity
cavity within the shaft of the long bones filled with bone marrow
appositional cartilage growth
chondroblasts in perichondrium add new cartilage onto outside edge of existing cartilage
interstitional cartilage growth
chondrocytes within the center of the tissue divide and add more matrix in between existing cells
organic bone matrix
collagen and proteoglycans
chondroblasts derived from
osteochondral progenitor cells
osteoblasts are derived from
osteochondral progenitor cells (MSC)
basic strucutral unit of compact bone
osteon
perpendicular volkmann canals
pass through concentric lamellae and deliver blood to central canals of osteons
woven bone
Collagen fibers randomly oriented, formed during fetal development and fracture repair, broken down and replaces by lamellar bone
yellow bone marrow
adipose tissue
ossification is what type of growth
appositional growth
if mineral is removed in bone
bendable bone
red marrow
blood cell production
outer perichondrium
blood vessels and nerves penetrate
osteoblast
bone forming cell
osteoclasts do what
breakdown bone matrix that help metabolize calcium and phosphate
if collagen is removed in bone
brittle bone
epiphysis
end of long bone, mostly spongy bone
ossification/osteogenesis
formation of new bone by osteoblasts
circumferential lamellae
forms the outer surface of compact bone
epiphyseal plate
growth plate with hyaline cartilage, site of bone growth until plate becomes ossified in adults to line
inorganic bone matrix
hydroxyapatite and calcium phosphate
osteocytes are located
in lacunae, extensions in canaliculi
space where chondrocytes reside
lacunae
osteoclasts
large multinucleated cells with a ruffled border
concentric lamellae
layers of bony matrix around a central canal
spongy bone (trabeculae)
less matrix, more space, spaces filled with marrow and blood vessels
osteocyte
mature bone cell surrouned by matrix
lamellar bone
mature bone in sheets called lamellae (osteocytes in between layers)
osteoclasts are derived from
monocytes (HSC)
endosteum
more cellular and single layered. lines internal surfaces of medullary cavity with spongy and compact bone
inner perichondrium
more delicate, fewer fibers, contains chondroblasts
hyaline cartilage
most common type of cartilage, matrix is produced by chondroblasts that convert to chondrocytes
diaphysis
shaft, mostly compact bone
functions of the skeletal system
support, protect, movement, storage, blood cell production
long bone
upper and lower limb
irregular bone
vertebrae, facial
