H&A Chapter 2

Name the type of bond that holds amino acids together in a protein molecule. Multiple choice question. Hydrogen bond Peptide bond Phosphodiester bond Ionic bond

Peptide Bond

A cation has a net charge.

Positive

A peptide bond is formed through ______. Multiple choice question. hydrolysis dehydration synthesis

dehydration synthesis

Which are examples of electrolytes? Multiple select question. Acids Salts Glucose Bases

Acids Salts Bases

Which of the following are the monomeric subunits that make up a protein? Multiple choice question. Amino acids Fatty acids Glucose molecules Amines

Amino Acids

Which term refers to a negatively charged ion? Multiple choice question. Cation Proton Electron Anion

Anion

In nature, sodium atoms lose electrons; therefore, they become ______. Multiple choice question. isotopes cations anions isomers

Anions

Glutathione binds to reactive oxygen (free radicals), neutralizing them. Therefore, glutathione is a(n)

Antioxidant

Which of the following is another term for enzyme? Multiple choice question. Hormone Receptor molecule Biological catalyst Structural protein

Biological catalyst

What type of ion has lost an electron and, consequently, has a net positive charge?

Cation

Indicate how pH and temperature affect the activity of an enzyme. Multiple select question. Altering the substrate concentration Causing a conformational change in the enzyme Altering the shape of the substrate binding site Altering the enzyme concentration

Causing a conformational change in the enzyme Altering the shape of the substrate binding site

A(n) is a protein that functions as a biological catalyst.

Enzyme

The lock and key model describes the property of enzyme-substrate

specificity

Sucrase digests ______. Multiple choice question. only sucrose sucrose and glucose any disaccharide

Only sucrose

Amino acids are the subunits of larger molecules called

Proteins

Polypeptides over 100 amino acids long are generally classified as which of the following? Multiple choice question. Glycolipids Proteins Dipeptides Nucleic acids

Proteins

Which three functional groups are part of the basic structure of every amino acid? Multiple select question. Hydroxyl group Radical (R group) Carboxyl group Amino group Phosphate group

Radical (R group) Carboxyl group Amino group

List the factors that affect enzyme conformation. Multiple select question. Enzyme concentration Temp. pH

Temp Ph

What is the active site of an enzyme? Multiple choice question. The solution in which the enzyme is found Where it binds its substrate The coenzyme The substance the enzyme acts upon

Where it binds its substrate

The substrate-binding site of an enzyme is known as the site.

active

List the factors that affect enzyme conformation. Multiple select question. Temperature pH Enzyme concentration

ph

The chlorine atom gains electrons to become a chloride ______.

Anions

Hydrophilic substances are soluble in

Water

Which term refers to a change in the three-dimensional conformation of a protein that destroys its functional properties? Multiple choice question. Degradation Denaturation Catalysis Hydrolysis

Denaturation

A(n) dissociates in water and produces a solution that can conduct electricity.

Electrolytes

Each enzyme catalyzes one particular chemical reaction. Which term describes this property of enzymes? Multiple choice question. Enzyme-substrate specificity Activation energy Catabolism Enzyme activity

Enzyme activity

Each enzyme catalyzes one particular chemical reaction. Which term describes this property of enzymes? Multiple choice question. Activation energy Enzyme-substrate specificity Catabolism Enzyme activity

Enzyme-substrate specificity

Which of the following statements about enzymes are true? Multiple select question. Enzymes show enzyme-substrate specificity. Enzymes may act as reactants in the reactions they catalyze. Enzymes are not affected by pH. Enzymes are not consumed in the reactions they catalyze. Enzymes speed up reaction rates by lowering the activation energy of a specific reaction.

Enzymes show enzyme-substrate specificity. Enzymes are not consumed in the reactions they catalyze. Enzymes speed up reaction rates by lowering the activation energy of a specific reaction.

Free radicals have an even number of electrons. True false question. True False

False

Free radicals have an even number of electrons. True or False

False

True or false: An enzyme is consumed by the reaction it catalyzes. True false question. True False

False

Which is a hydrophobic substance? Multiple choice question. Water Fats

Fats

Which type of particle has an unpaired electron, making it highly reactive and destructive to cells? Multiple choice question. Salt Buffer Electrolyte Enzyme Free radical

Free Radical

Which term refers to polar molecules that dissolve in water? Multiple choice question. Amphipathic Hydrophobic Hydrophilic Acidic

Hydrophilic

What term can be used to describe any molecule that is non-polar and does not dissolve in water? Multiple choice question. Isotonic Hydrophilic Hydrophobic

Hydrophobic

A(n) is an atom or molecule that has gained or lost electrons.

Ion

When a sodium atom loses an electron the sodium becomes...

Ion

Which of the following best describes denaturation? Multiple choice question. The breaking of peptide bonds The folding of a protein into a unique three-dimensional shape The unfolding of a protein's three-dimensional shape The loss of a functional group

The unfolding of a protein's three-dimensional shape

Which are examples of antioxidants? Vitamin E Vitamin C Water Selenium

Vitamin E Vitamin C Selenium

A compound that dissociates in water, producing a solution that conducts electricity, is known as a(n)

electrolyte, salt, ionic