Handouts Chapter 6
The spinal column is made up of _________________________.
33 vertebrae
During respiration, gas exchange with the bloodstream takes place in the small sacs called _________________________.
alveoli
When the left ventricle of the heart is relaxing and refilling, the pressure remaining in the arteries is the _________________________ blood pressure.
diastolic
The _________________________ produces chemicals called hormones that help to regulate many body activities and functions.
endocrine system
The layers of the skin are the _________________________, the _________________________, and the _________________________
epidermis; dermis; subcutaneous
The organ that produces eggs in a female is the:
ovary
The adequate supply of oxygen and nutrients to the organs and tissues of the body is called:
Perfusion
Major Veins 1. 2. 3.
Pulmonary Superior vena cava Inferior vena cava
When oxygen is used to break down glucose, it is called _________________________ metabolism.
aerobic
When the body cannot get enough oxygen it makes ATP via:
anaerobic metabolism
The largest artery in the body is the:
aorta
The upper chambers of the heart are the _________________________, while the lower chambers are the _________________________.
atria; ventricles
The property that allows the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own is _________________________.
automaticity
Body functions such as digestion and heart rate are controlled by the:
autonomic nervous system
The substance that regulates acidity and is produced by the kidneys is called:
bicarbonate
The blood vessels where gases, nutrients, and waste products are exchanged between the body's cells and the bloodstream are the:
capillaries
Because the chest walls of infants and children are softer, they rely more on the _________________________ for breathing.
diaphragm
The passive section of the respiratory cycle in which the intercostal muscles and diaphragm relax is known as _________________________.
exhaltion
T/F: In a blood pressure reading of 120/80, the 120 refers to the diastolic pressure while the 80 refers to the systolic pressure.
false
T/F: Perfusion is a life-threatening condition that requires imme-diate treatment.
false
T/F: The cardiac conduction system delivers waste gases to the lungs, where they can be expelled from the body.
false
T/F: The cricoid cartilage forms the lower portion of the trachea.
false
T/F: The endocrine system secretes epinephrine, which is critical to the body's use of glucose.
false
T/F: The femoral artery is the main source of blood supply to the upper arm.
false
T/F: The ulna is the inner and larger bone of the lower leg.
false
T/F: The whiplash often accompanying car accidents poses a special danger to the sacral spine.
false
The elbow is an example of a(n) _________________________ joint.
hinge
The pelvis is commonly referred to as the:
hip
The _________________________ consists of the acetabu-lum and the ball at the head of the femur.
hip joint
The endocrine system produces chemicals called:
hormones
The principal organ of the renal system is the:
kidney
The chamber that pumps oxygen rich blood out of the heart for distribution to the rest of the body is the:
left ventricle
Bones are connected to bones by _________________________
ligaments
The division/region of the spinal column is subject to injury because it is NOT supported by another part of the skeleton
lumbar
The membrane-enclosed fragments of specialized cells that release chemical factors needed to form blood clots are _________________________.
platelets
The _________________________ carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart.
pulmonary vein
The component of the blood that has a primary function of carrying oxygen to tissue is:
red blood cells
The peripheral nervous system is made up of _________________________ nerves and _________________________ nerves.
sensory; motor
The scapula and acromion are parts of the:
shoulder
The central nervous system is made up of the brain and the:
spinal cord
The pressure created in the arteries when blood is forced out of the heart is referred to as:
systolic
Muscles are connected to bones by _________________________.
tendons
The organ that produces sperm is the
testes
_________________________ and _________________________ are the names for the organs that produce sperm and eggs respectively.
testes; ovaries
The _________________________ contains the heart, lungs, and major blood vessels.
thoracic cavity
The body contains how many different types of muscle?
three
Inferiorly,the knee connects with the:
tibia & fibula
After inhaled air goes through the larynx, the NEXT part of the respiratory system the air passes as it moves to the lungs is the:
trachea
The respiratory anatomy of infants and children differs from that of adults in that the _________________________ is narrower, softer, and more flexible.
trachea
T/F: The epidermis contains no blood vessels or nerves
true
T/F: The heart muscle has its own blood supply through the coronary artery system.
true
T/F: The left ventricle is the strongest and most muscular part of the heart.
true
T/F: The primary function of the red blood cells is to carry oxygen to the tissues and carbon dioxide away from the tissues.
true
T/F: The skin plays an important part in regulating the body's temperature.
true
The kidneys filter out a waste product called _________________________.
urea