HAP ch 15 test
Structures from which tears drain into the nasal cavity
Lacrimal sacs
Refers to the respiratory structures within the thorax
Lower respiratory tract
Another term for pulmonary ventilation is:
breathing
Small air tube that has no cartilage in its walls, only smooth muscle
bronchioles
Oxygen in the blood is carried most efficiently by:
combining with hemoglobin in blood cells
Carbon dioxide in the tissue cells: Select one: a. is actively transported to the blood b. converts hemoglobin to carbaminohemoglobin c. is carried as bicarbonate ions in the blood d. both b and c above
d
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood in the lung is called: Select one: a. cellular respiration b. breathing c. internal respiration d. external respiration
d
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli and blood in the lung is called:
external respiration
Residual volume is part of vital capacity.
false
The expiratory center is located in the pons.
false
Oxygen is carried as this in the blood
oxyhemoglobin
Which of these structures is not in the larynx?
palatine tonsils
The function of the surfactant in the lung is to help:
reduce the surface tension of water in the alveoli
Lines most of the air distribution tubes
respiratory mucosa
Inhibits inspiration in the inflated lung
stretch receptors
Reduces the surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli
surfactant
Reduces the surface tension of the fluid in the alveoliS
surfactant
During inspiration:
the chest cavity expands, diaphragm contracts and flattens
The amount of air moved in and out of the lung during normal, quiet breathing
tidal volume
Connects the larynx to the lung; also called the windpipe
trachea
Quiet expiration requires much less energy than quiet inspiration.
true
The Heimlich maneuver is a method used to free the trachea of foreign substances that block the airway.
true
The apex of the lung is under the collarbone and the base rests on the diaphragm.
true
The cerebral cortex is responsible for the voluntary increase or decrease in breathing rate.
true
The exchange of gases between the air in the alveoli and the blood is called external respiration.
true
The inspiratory center is located in the medulla.
true
The respiratory system needs to exist because most of our body cells are not in contact with the air.
true
The smallest and last part of the air distribution system of the respiratory tract is the alveolar ducts.
true
The thickness of the walls of the respiratory membrane assists in the function of gas exchange.
true
The trachea connects the larynx to the primary bronchi.
true
The trachea:
is also called the windpipe and contains C-shaped rings of cartilage and is lined by respiratory mucosa
The function of the epiglottis is to:
keep food from entering the trachea
Contains the vocal cords and the epiglottis
larynx
The respiratory membrane
lines most of the air distribution tubes and is another term for the respiratory mucosa
All of the following are paranasal sinuses except the:
mandibular sinus
The inspiratory and expiratory centers are located in the:
medulla
The auditory, or eustachian, tubes connect the
middle ear with the nasopharynx
The lacrimal sacs drain directly into the:
nasal cavity
The partition that divides the nasal cavities is called the:
nasal septum
Serous membrane covering the lung and the inner chest wallP
pleura
The serous membrane covering the lung and the inner chest wall
pleura
First branch off the trachea in the lungP
primary bronchi
The first branch off the trachea in the lung
primary bronchi
During expiration:
the chest cavity is reduced in volume, diaphragm relaxes and moves up into the thoracic cavity, the pressure in the thoracic cavity increases
The respiratory mucosa helps protect the respiratory system by:
trapping bacteria, moving contaminated mucus towards the pharynx and having ciliated epithelium beat in only one direction
The mucous blanket:
traps dust, pollen, and other contaminants
A lung problem would most directly affect external respiration. A heart attack that drastically reduced stroke volume would most directly affect internal respiration.
true
A pneumothorax can result in a collapsed lung.
true
Both oxygen and carbon dioxide can be carried as dissolved gases in the blood.
true
Carotid bodies are sensitive to oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, and acid concentration in the blood.
true
Complete tracheal obstruction causes death in a matter of minutes.
true
During inspiration, the size of the chest cavity enlarges.
true
If atmospheric pressure is 760 mm Hg, the pressure inside the chest cavity must be below 760 mm Hg for inspiration to occur.
true
In an asthma attack, medication is inhaled to relax the constricted muscles of the bronchioles.
true
In expiration, the size of the chest cavity is reduced.
true
In order for external respiration to take place, the alveoli must have a higher oxygen concentration and a lower carbon dioxide concentration than the blood in the lung capillaries.
true
In some lung diseases, the lungs lose their elasticity and their ability to recoil. This would have the greatest impact on expiration.
true
In the lung, diffusion moves oxygen from the alveoli to the blood.
true
Premature infants may not make sufficient surfactant in the lung. This may increase the probability that the alveoli in the lungs will collapse.
true
The trachea, primary bronchi, and secondary bronchi all contain cartilage in their walls to help keep them open.
true
Structures in the nose that help warm and humidify the air
Conchae
Carbon dioxide in the blood is carried most efficiently by Select one: a. bicarbonate ions b. combining with hemoglobin in blood cells c. moving up the diffusion gradient of carbon dioxide in the tissues d. being dissolved in blood plasma
a
The function of the surfactant in the lung is to help: Select one: a. reduce the surface tension of water in the alveoli b. trap bacteria and dust c. move bacteria and dust toward the pharynx d. both b and c above
a
The partial pressure of oxygen in the blood returning to the lungs from the body is about Select one: a. 40 mm Hg b. 20 mm Hg c. 80 mm Hg d. 60 mm Hg
a
Which volume is not included in vital capacity? Select one: a. residual volume b. tidal volume c. expiratory reserve volume d. inspiratory reserve volume
a
The chemoreceptors in the carotid and aorta are sensitive to:
a decrease in blood oxygen, an increase in blood carbon dioxide and an increase in blood acidity
Muscle(s) that is (are) important in forced expiration
abdominal muscles
The pulmonary stretch receptors: Select one: a. stimulate inspiration b. inhibit inspiration Incorrect c. are inhibited by expiration d. both b and c above
d
The smallest of the air distribution tubes in the respiratory tract are the: Select one: a. bronchioles b. tracheae c. secondary bronchi d. alveolar ducts
d
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and cells throughout the body is called:
internal respiration
The thyroid cartilage (Adam's apple) is part of the:
larynx
Which of the following tubes enter or exit the pharynx?
larynx, esophagus and the auditory tubes
In the lung, hemoglobin becomes oxyhemoglobin.
true
Tidal volume is part of vital capacity.
true
TV + IRV + ERV =
vital capacity
Microscopic tubes that end in the alveolar sacs
Alveolar ducts
Also called the throat
Pharynx
Separates the air in the alveoli from the blood in the capillaries of the lung
Respiratory membrane
Term used to describe the air distribution system
Respiratory tree
The smallest of the air distribution tubes in the respiratory tract are the:
alveolar ducts
Chemoreceptors that respond to an increase in blood acidity levels
aortic bodies
The paranasal sinuses:
are lined with mucosa continuous with the nasal cavity, help lighten the weight of the skull bones and act as resonant chambers for sound
Air sacs in which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lung
aveoli
All of the following structures contain cartilage in their walls except the: Select one: a. primary bronchi b. bronchioles c. secondary bronchi d. trachea
b
Another term for pulmonary ventilation is: Select one: a. internal respiration b. breathing c. external respiration d. both b and c above
b
During inspiration: Select one: a. the diaphragm contracts and moves up into the thoracic cavity b. the chest cavity expands c. the pressure in the thoracic cavity increases d. all of the above
b
Oxygen in the blood is carried most efficiently by Select one: a. combining with blood plasma b. combining with hemoglobin in blood cells c. moving up the diffusion gradient of oxygen in the lungs d. combining with water in the blood
b
Oxygen in the lung: Select one: a. is actively transported out of the lung b. converts hemoglobin to oxyhemoglobin c. converts oxyhemoglobin to hemoglobin d. both a and b above
b
The form in which carbon dioxide is carried in the blood
bicarbonate ion
Carbon dioxide in the blood is carried most efficiently by:b
bicarbonate ions
All of the following structures contain cartilage in their walls except the:
bronchioles
Small air tube that has no cartilage in its walls, only smooth muscleB
bronchioles
The amount of air moved into and out of the lung during normal, quiet breathing is called: Select one: a. expiratory reserve volume b. vital capacity c. tidal volume d. residual volume
c
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and cells throughout the body is called: Select one: a. external respiration b. breathing c. internal respiration d. cellular respiration
c
The largest amount of air that can be breathed in and out in one breath is called: Select one: a. tidal volume b. expiratory reserve volume c. vital capacity d. residual volume
c
Which of the following statements is correct? Select one: a. The right lung has two lobes; the left lung has three lobes. b. The apex of the lung rests against the diaphragm. c. The lungs are covered by the visceral pleura. d. All of the above are correct.
c
Which term refers to a normal respiratory rate? Select one: a. apnea b. dyspnea c. eupnea d. hyperventilation
c
During expiration: Select one: a. the diaphragm relaxes and moves up into the thoracic cavity b. the chest cavity is reduced in volume c. the pressure in the thoracic cavity increases d. all of the above
d
In order for gas exchange to occur properly in the lungs Select one: a. the partial pressure of oxygen in the alveoli must be greater than the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood b. the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli must be greater than the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood c. the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli must be less than the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood d. both a and c above
d
The chemoreceptors in the carotid and aorta are sensitive to: Select one: a. an increase in blood carbon dioxide b. a decrease in blood oxygen c. an increase in blood acidity d. all of the above
d
The inspiratory and expiratory centers are located in the: Select one: a. pons b. cerebellum c. cerebrum d. medulla
d
The most important muscle(s) of forced expiration is (are) the: Select one: a. diaphragm b. internal intercostals c. abdominal muscles d. both b and c above
d
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood returning to the lungs from the body is: Select one: a. 26 mm Hg b. 56 mm Hg c. none of these d. 46 mm Hg
d
The trachea: Select one: a. is also called the windpipe b. contains C-shaped rings of cartilage c. is lined by respiratory mucosa d. all of the above
d
Muscle(s) that is (are) important in inspiration
diaphragm
The most important muscle(s) of inspiration is (are) the:
diaphragm
The term for normal respiration is?
eupnea
Another name for the nostrils of the nose is:
external nares
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lung
external respiration
Cellular respiration refers to the exchange of gases between the cells and the blood.
false
During inspiration, the diaphragm contracts and moves up into the thoracic cavity.
false
Most of the carbon dioxide in the blood is carried as carbaminohemoglobin.
false
O-shaped rings of cartilage help keep the trachea open even when pressure is applied to it.
false
Quiet respiration requires the work of both the intercostal muscles and the abdominal muscles.
false
Surfactant is a slippery fluid that allows the lungs to rub against the chest wall with very little friction.
false
Surfactant is needed in the lung to increase the surface tension in the alveoli.
false
The interior walls of the thoracic cavity are covered by the visceral pleura.
false
The lungs are composed of five lobes; three in the left lung and two in the right lung.
false
The lungs are covered by the parietal pleura.
false
The main function of the diaphragm is to increase the air pressure in the chest cavity.
false
The trachea is almost twice as long as the pharynx.
false
There is more carbaminohemoglobin in the pulmonary vein than in the pulmonary artery.
false
Tidal volume plus residual volume is equal to vital capacity.
false
Vital capacity is the amount of air that is inhaled and exhaled during normal, quiet breathing.
false
When stretch receptors in the lungs are stimulated, an inhibitory impulse is sent to the expiratory center in the brain.
false
Dyspnea is labored breathing that is often associated with:
hypoventilation
The pulmonary stretch receptors:
inhibit inspiration and expiration
The most important muscle(s) of forced expiration is (are) the:
internal intercostals and the abdominal muscles
The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the tissue cells of the body
internal respiration
Refers to the respiratory structures outside the thorax
Upper respiratory tract
The most important muscle(s) of inspiration is (are) the: Select one: a. diaphragm b. external intercostals c. abdominal muscles d. both b and c above
a
