Hardware and Software Exam 2

Analog Signal

A signal may take on a continuous range of values, in which case it is known as a(n)

Virtualization

A technique called ____________ is where an individual computer system is used to simulate multiple computers, all sharing the same CPU and I/O facilities.

Collision

A _____________ occurs when multiple nodes access and send data simultaneously in such a way that their messages become mixed together and garbled.

Digital Signal

A binary discrete signal is usually called a(n)

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

A connectionless protocol used instead of TCP for some applications is

Frame

A data packet in an Ethernet network is called a(n)

Asynchronous

For modems that transmit data one byte at a time the technique to synchronize the two systems is to provide clear start and stop signals for the data. This technique is known as ______________ transmission.

Is just another I/o device

From the perspective of a computer, the network

Interrupt handler program

After interrupting a program in execution, and saving the program's context, the computer then branches to a special program known as the

Which of the following can be used to characterize a communications channel?

All

Frequency

Hertz, abbreviated Hz, is the unit used to measure

Motherboard

In most computer systems, the CPU, memory, and other major components are mounted to wiring on a printed circuit board known as a(n)

QoS

In part, ___________________ focuses on methods to reserve and prioritize channel capacity to favor packets that require special treatment.

Traps or exceptions

Internal interrupts caused by events related to problems or special conditions within the computer itself are sometimes called

Nonmaskable

Interrupts that can never be temporarily disabled by program instructions are called

Phase

It is possible to measure the position of a sine wave with respect to a reference sine wave. The difference, measured in degrees, is known as the ___________ of the sine wave.

Multiplexing

It is possible to share a channel among multiple sender-receiver pairs, using one of several ____________ techniques.

High priority events

Power failures, internal time-sensitive events, or external events that are time sensitive will trigger interrupts that are

integrity

Protecting the content of data communication against changes is known as

Attenuation

Signal loss is the reduction of a signal that occurs in a medium as a function of the physical length of the channel. This is known as

Analog

Sound is an example of a(n) ____________ signal.

CSMA/CD

Switched Ethernet does not actually implement the _______________ protocol, because connections are point-to-point and messages can't become mixed together and garbled.

lane

The PCI-Express is made up of a bundle of thirty-two serial, bidirectional point-to-point buses. Each bidirectional bus is called a(n)

protocol stack

The TCP/IP and OSI models are conceived and implemented as a hierarchical __________, in which each layer at the sending node contributes information that will be used by the corresponding peer layer at the receiving node.

isochronous data transfer

The USB protocol allows packets to be scheduled for delivery at regular time intervals. This technique is known as

Network Layer

The ___________ is responsible for the addressing and routing of packets from the source end node through intermediate nodes, step by step, to their proper final destination.

Bandwidth

The ______________ of a channel is the range of frequencies that are passed by the channel with only a small amount of attenuation.

system bus

The circuitry that connects the CPU to memory and to all the various modules that control I/O devices is called the

availability

Using encryption can be helpful in mitigating network security issues except

vectored interrupt

When the device generating the interrupt request identifies its address as part of the interrupt, it is called

Noise

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a sine wave?

LTE (Long Term Evolution)

Which of the following is a contender for a cellular technology global standard?

A way of buffering large amounts of data

Which of the following is not a function of how interrupts are used?

Increased security

Which of the following is not a reason to create clusters of computers?

Peripheral devices must operate only in block mode.

Which of the following is not a requirement for a computer system to handle I/O in a sufficient and effective manner?

SMS

Which of the following is not part of the TCP/IP protocol suite?

Diffserv capable nodes

Modern routers, sometimes called ____________, can prioritize and route packets based on the packet class.

Packet Sniffing

Reading data in all the packets as they pass through the network is known as

magnetic and optical disk storage devices

SATA stands for Serial Advanced Technology Attachment; it replaces an older standard, IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics), and is used primarily as an interface for

ARP

What protocol is used to discover the relation between an IP address and a corresponding MAC address?

Repeators

What specific device is used to retransmit digital signals over long distances maintaining the integrity of the data?

medium access control; logical link control

The data link layer is divided into _____________ and ____________ sublayers.

Channel subsystem

The input-output architecture based on separate I/O processors and used on IBM mainframes is known as a(n)

Clustering

The method of connecting loosely coupled computers together with a dedicated communication channel or link that passes messages between machines is called

Programmed I/O

The method of transferring data one word at a time from the CPU to a device is called

INT

The mnemonic for the x86 architecture instruction that simulates an interrupt is

I/O device and memory

The primary purpose of channel programs is to transfer data using DMA between

Jitter

The variation in delay from packet to packet is known as _________. It is a particularly important parameter in the transmission of video and audio.

twisted-pair cable

_____________ is the most common medium used for standard telephone and most local area network wiring.

Digital

___________________ transmission has the advantage that it can incorporate error correction directly into the signal, which means a higher likelihood that the original data can be reproduced exactly, error-free, at the receiving end of the channel.