HDE 102 Practice Midterm 2

Children's changing views and descriptions of themselves ________________; they also become _______________. a. become more detailed and psychological over time; better integrated b. become more general over time; more pessimistic c. increasingly show the influence of culture; more self-critical d. shift from family-centered to self-centered; more specific

A

In Stellar's study of vagal tone and compassion in college students, which subjective measure of compassion correlated with vagal tone as measured with ECG (electro cardiogram sensors)? a. using a dial to report compassionate feelings as they watched films b. using a numeric scale to report overall feelings of compassion after watching films c. writing feelings in a journal after having watched films d. all of the measure correlated surprisingly well with the ECG measures

A

One finding which suggests that social experiences contribute heavily to the development of self-recognition is that a.chimps reared in isolation do not pass the rouge test b.humans with autism rarely recognize themselves in a mirror or in photographs c.children are more likely to recognize themselves when others are present d.none of these

A

A child's choice to spend time with same-gender peers is referred to as: a.gender-patterned grouping b.gender segregation c. gender association d. gender preference schema

B

As described in the summary article on measuring compassion in the body, Zoe Taylor conducted a longitudinal study of children and their mothers. Which relationships did she find? a.Children's vagal tone at age 3 correlates with whether their mothers are sensitive or directive in interactions, which then correlates with children's ability to concentrate at age 4 and to think for themselves at age 6 or 7. b. Sensitive parenting and the child's vagal tone at age 3 predicts greater effortful control at age 4, which in turn predicts greater sensitivity and compassion at age 6 or 7. c.Mothers' vagal tone when children are 3 predicts the level of sensitive parenting the mothers give, which in turn predicts how well older children concentrate on tasks and act responsibly. d.Children's tendency to spontaneously engage in altruistic behaviors at age 3 predicted their vagal tone at age 6 or 7 and was also correlated with their mothers' use of sensitive parenting strategies when the children were 4.

B

Developmentalists who believe that infants have a sense of self at birth would point to which of the following as evidence for their point of view? a. newborns cry when they hear recordings of other infants crying b. newborns, when sucking their thumbs, anticipate the arrival of their hands at their mouths c. newborns imitate the facial expressions of others d. none of these

B

Four-year-old Larry likes to play with dolls. Which of the following individuals is likely to be most concerned about this cross-sex play? a. Larry's mother b. Larry's father c. Larry's friends at school d. Larry's preschool teacher

B

Megan and Jacob are both teachers. Both feel that they work hard at teaching and are perceived by their students as demanding. However, Megan feels good about her ability to reach students whereas Jacob does not. With regard to teaching, it might be said that Megan and Jacob have: a. different self-concepts and different levels of self-esteem b. similar self-concepts and different levels of self-esteem c. similar self-concepts and similar levels of self-esteem d. different self-concepts and similar levels of self-esteem

B

The self-description "I have green eyes and brown hair. I play football and I like to run and to swim at the pool" was probably made by a a. 2-year-old b. 5-year-old c. 9-year-old d. 15-year-old

B

What did opponents of the Equal Rights Amendment in the 1970s and 1980s focus on in their efforts to prevent ratification? a.their claim that equality under the law is addressed in other legislation b. traditional gender roles c.differences in mental reactions between men and women d.the challenges of providing universal access to early child care and education if women typically work full time throughout their reproductive lives

B

If a person's "Who am I?" statements consisted primarily of attributes reflecting personal achievements and personal characteristics, we might conclude that this person a. is a male b. is a female c. grew up in an individualistic culture d. grew up in a collectivist culture

C

Think about gender differences in infant biology. Which statement is FALSE about male babies? a.males have larger lung and heart size b.males prefer to look at moving objects rather than moving faces c.males are physically and neurologically more developed at birth d.males have better and more rapid muscular development

C

When a 4-year-old sees a week-old video of himself with a funny looking sticker on his head and he does not try to remove it from his forehead now, he is communicating his sense of a.present self b.public self c.extended self d.categorical self

C

A good general definition of altruism is a. any act that benefits others b. an effort to do the most good one possibly can without regard to the consequences for oneself c. a biological tendency to empathize with the feeling of others, possibly as a result of mirror neurons d. acts of kindness that benefit others without expectation of any sort of reward

D

Cross-cultural studies reveal that a. gender-role standards vary widely from culture to culture b. societies in which people live in small families are the ones that emphasize gender-typing the most c. in most societies, boys face stronger pressures to be "obedient" whereas girls face stronger pressures to be "self-reliant" d. many gender role standards are similar from culture to culture

D

Research suggests that using social media sites such as Facebook can have what effect on social and personal well being? a. people who use these mediums tend to have a larger number of close friends than those who do not. b. Facebook can lead people to feel badly about their own lives. c. some Facebook users have an increase in "social capital" d. both b and c

D

The question that Warneken & Tomasello addressed in their study. "Extrinsic rewards undermine altruistic tendencies in 20-month-olds," is a. To what extent will young children attempt to help another person without being prompted to do so? b. Do verbal rewards such as praise act as intrinsic or extrinsic motivators for young children? c. Are altruistic behaviors initially intrinsically motivated or are they facilitated more by socialization practices? d. none of the above

D

Which of the following brain differences associated with gender is TRUE? a.The ratio of gray matter to white matter is relatively larger in males and supports slightly faster rates of analytic thinking. b. Females have a larger amygdala and are therefore better able to modulate emotional input. c.Male brains are more lateralized than female brains and therefore show greater integration of information. d.None of the above are true

D

In Williams & Pliel's 2008 study, what is the reason for the toy preferences of the male and female monkeys?

GATING- Females explored a number of things but males focused on one toy. Males have androgen receptors which causes gating.

In Williams & Pliel's 2008 study, what did the male and female monkeys prefer to play with?

Males- wheelie toys Females- plush toys

What is the general thought on effective altruism (doing the most you can to help others)?

ends up causing stress