HDFS 2013 Tests

The "young-old" are people who are between:

65 to 84 years of age

Today, the average life expectancy in the United States is:

78 years

Adolescents are most likely to conform to peers/experience peer pressure in which of the following grades?

8-9

Which theorist proposed the "storm-and-stress" view that adolescence is a turbulent time charged with conflict and mood swings?

G. Stanley Hall

Marianna and Talasi are best friends who spend hours coruminating. As a result, they are likely to ________.

experience symptoms of anxiety and depression

Adolescents' religious involvement is associated with ________.

lower levels of drug and alcohol use and antisocial behavior

With respect to life expectancy, because ________ are at higher risk for disease and early death, they reap somewhat larger generational gains from positive lifestyle changes and new medical discoveries.

men

In the Berkeley Longitudinal Study some years ago, early-maturing boys perceived themselves _____ than did their late-maturing counterparts. When the late-maturing boys were in their thirties, however, they had developed a _____ than the early-maturing boys had.

more positively; stronger sense of identity

The concept of ____ emphasizes that changes in cognitive activity patterns might result in disuse and consequent atrophy of cognitive skills.

"use it or lose it"

The initial stage of development of romantic relationships in adolescence is characterized by entry into romantic attractions and affiliations at about ___ years of age.

11 to 13

Which of the following is true about gender differences in adult friendships?

Adult male friendships are more competitive than those of women

All of the following have been linked to lower rates of teen pregnancy, except:

Abstinence-only sex education

Olivia believes that the more dynamic and involved older adults are, the more likely they are to be satisfied with their lives. Thus, she believes in:

Activity theory

Prejudice against others because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults, is known as ___.

Ageism

_____ is the most common chronic disorder in late adulthood.

Arthritis

Which of the following is a consistent finding regarding age identity?

As adults become older their age identity is younger than their chronological age

Daughters of teenage mothers are:

At increased risk for teenage childbearing

Stella has involved, responsive parents who support her in her choices as long as she adheres to certain basic rules that they have set for her, like keeping up her grades and coming home in time for dinner with her family on weeknights. Thus, Stella's relationship with her parents is characterized by a high level of trust, acceptance, and quality. Research indicates that Stella would:

Be likely to share information about her whereabouts, friends, and activities

Most of us reach our peak physical performance:

Before the age of 30, often between the ages of 19 and 26

Which of the following adults displays signs of stagnation?

Brian does not apply himself at work, and he chooses to stay at home rather than attend his son's baseball games.

Gisela is suffering from a condition that involves thickening of the lenses of her eyes. This causes her vision to become cloudy or distorted. Identify the condition that Gisela is suffering from.

Cataracts

At present, the main causes of death in middle adulthood in the United States are:

Chronic diseases

_____ are small groups that range from 2 to about 12 individuals and average about 5 or 6 individuals.

Cliques

Which of the following is one of the BEST predictors of job performance in older adults?

Cognitive ability

Which of the following is one of the top ten most frequent daily hassles for adults in middle age?

Concerns about weight

The ____ life-events approach emphasizes the manner in which life events that influence an individual's development depends not only on these events, but also on mediating factors.

Contemporary

Which of the following is true regarding life-course-persistent offenders?

Criminal activity typically beings before age 15 and continues into adulthood

In the United States, the average age of menarche has _____ since the mid-nineteenth century.

Declined significantly

Reggie, 16, gets into lots of arguments with his parents. Going by what is generally observed about parent-adolescent conflict, it is likely that most of the arguments center around:

Everyday events of family life

Erikson believed that people who experience isolation and stagnation in earlier adulthood are more likely to experience ____ in later adulthood.

Despair

Which of the following statements is true about the various markers of adulthood?

Economic independence is one of the key markers of adult status, but achieving it has been considered a long process

Mercy and her husband just had their last child move out of the house. He and his wife had lived vicariously through their children, letting their sports activities and various achievements dominate their lives. Now they may experience ____, which includes a decline in marital satisfaction after children leave the home.

Empty nest syndrome

Lesbian couples especially place a high priority on:

Equality in their relationship

____ are the leading cause of injury deaths among adults who are 65 years and older.

Falls

When men face stress, they are more likely to respond in a:

Fight-or-flight manner

Lorenzo was born during the depression era in the U.S. Now he and others who were born at about the same time show greater cognitive decline than people born at later times. This illustrates that cohort effects are differences based on:

Historical contexts

An adult in middle age will be most likely to do POORLY on which of the following tasks?

Hitting the brakes of a car when the light suddenly turns red

Which of the following statements about older workers is true?

Older workers experience more job satisfaction than younger workers.

Which of the following statements is true about the role of temperament among children and adults?

Individuals who had an inhibited temperament in childhood are more likely than other adults to delay entering a stable job track.

The average adult in middle adulthood ____ height and ____ weight.

Loses; gains

If couples live together before they marry, research finds:

Lower rates of marital satisfaction

Silas is a man who is in his late seventies. He has a condition characterized by hypertension, obesity, and insulin resistance. This is otherwise known as:

Metabolic syndrome

Middle adulthood is referred to as the sandwich generation because:

Middle-aged adults may have to care for their own adolescent children as well as their elderly parents

Compared to men, women have a higher incidence of ____ disorders during middle adulthood.

Nonfatal chronic

Which of the following is a positive feature of the transition from high school to college?

Opportunities to explore different lifestyles and values

Which of the following is true concerning gay and lesbian adults?

Partners in gay and lesbian relationships show a higher average level of relationship quality than heterosexual couples

In a classic study, Judith Rodin and Ellen Langer found that an important factor related to health, and even survival, in a nursing home is the:

Patient's feelings of control and self-determination

Which of the following is cited as one of the main reasons for the changing trajectories in knowledge-related and emotion-related goals of older adults compared with younger adults?

Perception of time

Which of Susan's Harter's eight domains of self-image was most strongly associated with adolescent's self-esteem?

Physical appearance

The _____ is one area of the brain that shrinks more than others with aging.

Pre-frontal cortex

George wants to ensure that his sons become competent decision makers. Which of the following is a strategy you would suggest for improving their decision making?

Provide more opportunities for them to engage in role playing and peer group problem solving.

What is the term Erikson uses to describe a period in which society leaves adolescents relatively free of responsibilities and free to try out different identities?

Psychosocial moratorium

Which of the following statements about sexual orientation is considered true today?

Sexual orientation is a continuum from exclusive male-female relations to exclusive same-sex relations.

The age-crime curve:

Shows that criminal activity peaks in the teenage years and then declines through the early 20s

The timetable according to which individuals are expected to accomplish life's tasks, such as getting married, having children, or establishing themselves in a career is known as the ____.

Social clock

Which of the following theories explains why older adults spend most of their time with familiar individuals and family?

Socioemotional selectivity theory

If born today in the United States, which of the following persons would have the highest life expectancy?

Susan who is a non-Latino white female

Which of the following statements about menopause is NOT true?

The age at which menopause occurs has increased dramatically in recent years

Identify the concept which reflects ingrained cultural beliefs that engaging in hard work for long hours through adulthood will produce a path to status, security and happiness.

The career mystique

After Janine's divorce, she went back to college, renewed old acquaintances, and took up ballroom dancing. After completing college, she got the job she'd always wanted and entered into a long-term relationship. Janine chose the pathway of:

The enhancer

Which statement about psychological well-being in midlife is true?

The role of marriage in mental health increases with age, becoming a powerful predictor of well-being by midlife.

What is the most common change in sleep patterns of adults during middle age?

There is a decrease in the deepest type of sleep

A common memory problem for older adults is ____, in which individuals cannot quite retrieve familiar information but have the feeling that they should be able to retrieve it.

Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon

The growth spurt that characterizes pubertal change occurs approximately ____ for girls than for boys

Two years earlier

Which of the following is an example of implicit memory?

Typing on a computer while talking to a friend

What is the leading cause of death for adolescents and emerging adults?

Unintentional injury or accidents

Which of the following is a major difference between Levinson's and Vaillant's view on midlife?

Unlike Levinson, Vailliant maintains that only a minority of adults experience midlife as a crisis

Which statement about childlessness is true?

Voluntarily childless adults are just as content as warm parents.

The matching hypothesis says that we choose partners:

Who are close to our level of physical attractiveness

In his studies on wisdom, Paul Baltes has found all of the following EXCEPT:

Wisdom is correlated with cognitive factors such as intelligence

Which of the following statements about spirituality is TRUE?

Women have consistently shown a stronger interest in religion and spirituality than men have.

During Piaget's formal operational stage, young people first develop the capacity for ________.

abstract, systematic, scientific thinking

Research confirms that media multitasking ________.

activates implicit memory, a shallower, unconscious form of learning

Why do some experts believe that a new phase of late adulthood—the Third Age—has evolved in recent years?

added years of longevity and health plus financial stability among many older adults

Longitudinal research reveals that older adults gain modestly in ________ into their seventies, although declines tend to occur after age 80.

agreeableness

Fatima regrets having suffered through years of a strife-ridden marriage that ended in a contentious divorce. Yet she is glad to have moved on, having derived from the experience a clearer vision of what to look for in a life partner. Compared to Fatima's friend Naomi, who remains resentful of her own ex-husband, Fatima is likely to report ________.

better physical health

Research on the psychological impact of attending college reveals that interacting with racially and ethnically mixed peers enhances __________.

both complex cognition and civic engagement

The _____, where fibers connect the brain's left and right hemispheres, thickens in adolescence, and this improves adolescents' ability to process information.

corpus callosum

The fear of being judged on the basis of a negative stereotype causes females to ________.

do worse than their abilities allow on difficult math problems

People who lose their jobs in midlife seldom ________.

duplicate the status and pay of their previous positions

Most well-educated, career-oriented women expect a(n) ________ marriage.

egalitarian

Middle-age partners are more likely to view their marriage as positive if they:

engage in mutual activities.

Lauren's mother is concerned about Lauren's lack of interest in marrying and having children. She told Lauren, "When I was your age, I had already found a good husband and settled down." Lauren and her mother:

have different social clocks.

During middle age, the ability to hear ____ sounds declines first.

high-pitched

Myra's parents have always told her that she will be an engineer like her grandfather. Myra never even considered any other career and she is now enrolled in a pre-engineering program at a community college. James Marcia would classify Myra in which identity status?

identity foreclosure

Criminal acts, whether committed by a juvenile or an adult, are known as:

index offenses

Which type of social support is associated with a positive outlook in older adults with disabilities?

perceived social support

After Melissa began her first job as a high school teacher, she became more aware of the constraints of everyday life and better at solving real-world problems. Melissa shows gains in __________.

pragmatic thought

Lisa, age 15, finds that she cannot control her emotions when she becomes angry. She lashes out at those around her in an inappropriate way. In connecting this with research on brain development, it may be that Lisa's _____ is not able to handle the emotional intensity of her _____.

prefrontal cortex; amygdala

Perspectives on successful aging have turned away from specific achievements toward ________.

processes people use to reach personally valued goals

Which of the following is NOT one of the five distinctive features of emerging adulthood, as theorized by Jeffrey Arnett?

stability

Longitudinal evidence reveals that ________ sexual activity is far more typical than ________ in midlife.

stability of; dramatic change