HDFS Exam 1 (quizzes)
Although Chris is significantly delayed developmentally, he goes to a regular school. He takes classes in social studies, music, and physical education with the non-handicapped students, and he goes to special classes to learn about reading and arithmetic. This situation is an example of A. mainstreaming. B. functional education. C. higher-order learning. D. education compensation.
A
Although young children may seem unaffected by a divorce at the time, problems may emerge when they are adolescents. This delayed effect is called a A. sleeper effect. B. deferred effect. C. delayed effect. D. gradual manifestation.
A
Which of the following statements about hormonal changes of puberty is true? A. Hormonal changes affect the brain in ways that increase adolescents' desire for sensation-seeking activities. B. Hormonal changes of puberty make adolescents more risk averse. C. Hormonal changes of puberty make adolescents more introverted. D. Hormonal changes affect the brain in ways that decrease adolescents' desire for rewarding activities.
A
Which of the following statements about puberty's impact on family relationships is true? A. Puberty appears to increase distance between parents and children. B. Other species do not experience distance during the pubertal transition. C. The distancing effect of puberty on families occurs regardless of ethnicity. D. Puberty is more likely to disrupt family relationships if it happens early.
A
Jane, an adolescent, can attribute her improved skills in planning and decision making to her A. hippocampus. B. prefrontal cortex. C. amygdala. D. superior temporal sulcus.
B
Which adolescent has the lowest risk of developing an eating disorder? A. Valeria, a U.S. born and raised Latinx girl who wants to fit in with American culture. B. Tengfei, a late-maturing boy who has a good relationship with his parents C. Brooklyn, a girl whose mother diets frequently and was diagnosed with bulimia as a teenager D. Dominique, an early-maturing Black girl who loves reading fashion magazines
B
A(n) _____ is an individual who has few or no links to others in the social network, and a(n) ______ is an individual who interacts with two or more adolescents who are members of cliques but is not part of a clique. A. liaison; isolate B. hopper; loner C. isolate; liaison D. isolate; mixer
C
According to scientists, why does the reminiscence bump happen? A. Memory abilities are strongest during late childhood and early adolescence. B. Many important social and emotional events happen for the first time during adolescence. C. The adolescent brain is chemically primed to encode memories deeply. D. The brain has more synapses during adolescence than at any other time of life.
C
As Alex enters adolescence, he and his parents are experiencing severe relationship problems. The most likely explanation is that A. adolescence is a period of "storm and stress." B. the generation gap is a major issue for parents and their adolescents. C. their problematic relationship has existed since Alex's childhood. D. Alex has been negatively affected by his entrance into the high school system.
C
By the end of high school, crowds A. have become a defining influence in the adolescent's life. B. increasingly gain in importance for an adolescent's identity. C. become less important to adolescents. D. peak in their importance to adolescents.
C
Changes in the "social brain" may help explain why adolescents tend to become A. less prone to embarrassment. B. less capable of abstract thought. C. more susceptible to peer pressure. D. more likely to ignore others' facial expressions.
C
Changes in the limbic system during adolescence may cause A. decreased emotionality. B. decreased responsiveness to stress. C. increased risk-taking. D. decreased responsiveness to rewards.
C
You are a psychologist treating Martina, a middle school student who is popular among classmates despite being a bully. What types of behavior would you expect to see in her? A. frequent outbursts of temper B. interest in romantic relationships C. calculated, pre-planned aggression D. involvement with many school-sponsored clubs and activities
C
According to research, many youngsters who were "nerds" in middle school A. were automatically labeled "dweebs" in high school. B. joined the "popular" group in high school. C. deliberately transformed into "jocks" in high school. D. had opportunities to shift status in high school.
D
Which of the following can delay the onset of puberty? A. stress B. childhood abuse C. nutritional deficiencies D. lack of exercise
C
Adolescents' persistent arguments over rules are most likely a result of A. an increase in relativism. B. a decrease in incrementalism. C. hormonal changes. D. a hereditary resistance to authority.
A
Which of the following statements about prenatal development is true? A. Up until about eight weeks after conception, all human brains are masculine. B. Answer Puberty is part of a gradual process that begins at conception. C. Sex hormones do not appear in the brain during fetal development. D. You Answered Fetal exposure to cortisol is directly linked to the timing of puberty.
B
Current research on the effects of remarriage indicates that A. younger children have more problems than older children B. boys and girls show equal distress. C. boys have more problems than girls. D. girls have more problems than boys.
D
Dr. Beckerman argues that a separate youth culture has emerged in the United States and that it is harmful. What findings from recent studies counteract her belief? A. Youth culture is based on economics rather than social bonds, so its effects will not last long. B. Adolescents show more signs of positive aggression when they are with peers than when they are with family members. C. Youth culture will gradually die out as the United States becomes less industrialized. D. Adolescents tend to be more prosocial when they are with their peers than when they are alone.
D
The local library offers "write your first resume" classes for teens, which are taught by an adult volunteer, and "understand how your phone's camera works" classes for adults, which are taught by teen volunteers. What word would Margaret Mead use to describe this society? A. antifigurative B. prefigurative C.postfigurative D. cofigurative
D
The main reason for sex differences in the impact of early and late maturation is A. biological differences between male and female brains. B. psychological differences between boys and girls. C. the different rates at which boys and girls mature. D. different cultural expectations of boys and girls.
D
During puberty, individuals who mature early are likely to exhibit which of the following? A. more intellectual curiosity B. less frequent temper tantrums C. less depression and anxiety D. problem behavior, such as drug use
D
Mary is having trouble understanding how to do a math problem. Her teacher asks her just the right question, and Mary understands the problem. Vygotsky would refer to the structuring process used by the teacher to guide Mary's thinking as A. laddering. B. enabling. C. pillaring. D. scaffolding.
D
A group of individuals who are born during a particular time period (for instance, the baby boomers) is known as what? A. a generation X B. a cohort C. an age-graded society D. a census group
B
According to Baumrind, children of indulgent parents tend to be A. more involved in delinquent behavior. B. less mature and more conforming to their peers. C. more curious and more impulsive. D. more dependent and less socially adept.
B
According to many well-designed studies that have looked at the psychological consequences of growing up with lesbian or gay parents A. the quality of the parent-child relationships at home is more contentious than in straight families. B. children and adolescents with lesbian or gay parents are not psychologically different from those with straight parents. C. children and adolescents with lesbian or gay parents differ substantially from those with straight parents in the domains of gender identity and sexual orientation. D. children and adolescents with lesbian or gay parents suffer from more emotional turmoil than children and adolescents with straight parents.
B
Amy, a social reformer in the early twentieth century, would have likely considered which of the following to be a good reason to push for secondary education? A. It is a way to improve life circumstances for the upper classes. B. It is effective in reducing crime by keeping youngsters off the streets. C. It is a way to help immigrants maintain their separate and diverse cultures. D. It is effective in preventing the United States from industrializing too quickly.
B
Spending time with family helps adolescents develop a sense of______, while spending time with peers helps them develop______. A. responsibility; intimacy B. intimacy; equality C. equality; popularity D. popularity; responsibility
A
Studies in many countries have found a link between higher rates of bullying and A. greater income inequality. B. less ethnic and racial diversity. C. greater parental involvement in students' lives. D. authoritative educational systems.
A
What have studies shown to be true of antisocial youth? A. Antisocial adolescents usually have antisocial friends. B. Most antisocial adolescents have few or no friends. C. Groups of antisocial adolescents report more feelings of isolation than do friendless adolescents. D. Many adolescents who are considered antisocial have lasting friendships with their well-adjusted peers.
A
One explanation for the risk-taking peak that scientists have observed in adolescence is that A. adolescents are not aware of the risks associated with certain behaviors. B. the prefrontal cortex is fully developed years before the limbic system is active. C. adolescents tend to be higher in sensation seeking and impulsivity than children and adults are. D. few or no adolescents are capable of conducting a cost-benefit analysis.
C
Ms. Adamson believes that junior high school students are daydreamers at best and disrespectful at worst. Her students notice her attitude and therefore do not work that hard in her class, figuring that there is little chance of pleasing her. Their grades are lower than the grades of comparable students who have other teachers. What would a psychologist call this phenomenon? A. oppositional defiance B. socioemotional learning C. zero-tolerance policy D. self-fulfilling prophecy
D
Professor Kendall has been researching adolescent maturation around the world. Which of the following is she likely to determine has the smallest role in determining group differences in pubertal maturation? A. nutrition B. sanitation C. infectious diseases D. genetics
D
As a result of mentalizing and developing a theory of mind, adolescents become A. more skilled at telling lies to parents and peers. B. less able to see things from another person's point of view. C. better able to act independently and take on responsibility. D. better able to plan tasks efficiently and quickly.
A
Based on research addressing ethnic differences in the timing and rate of pubertal maturation, which American girl would be expected to mature earliest? A. Brandy, a middle-income Black adolescent B. Miranda, a middle-income Mexican adolescent C. Emily, a middle-income White adolescent D. Grace, a middle-income Asian adolescent
A
Based on what you have read about high-performing charter schools, what qualities from these schools would it make sense to encourage in other schools? A. Focus on character development as well as academic performance. B. Allow students to design their own courses of study. C. Focus on measurable qualities such as vocabulary comprehension and arithmetic calculations. D. Allow schools to include a wider range of ages in each classroom.
A
Decisions about whether to implement tracking in non-tracked schools, or whether to "de-track" schools that use ability grouping, are typically quite controversial. Parents of students in the higher tracks ________, whereas parents in the lower tracks ________. A. favor tracking; oppose it B. oppose it; favor tracking C. favor tracking; are indifferent D. are indifferent; favor tracking
A
Felicia is very warm and accepting towards both of her two children, but she also sets firm rules that the children must follow with very few exceptions. According to Baumrind, the characteristics that best describe her are A. responsive and demanding. B. indulgent and submissive. C. authoritarian and understanding. D. lenient and supportive.
A
Joey enjoys playing the devil's advocate and is always stirring up discussions with his contrary positions. This ability is one aspect of A. hypothetical thinking B. social cognition C. thinking about thinking itself D. impression formation
A
Marixa is an 11-year-old Latina. She is moving from elementary school into middle school. Her current school has 60% Latino and Latina students, while her new school is only 10% Latino and Latina. What should the school psychologist at Marixa's new school watch out for when he talks with her? A. a sense of disengagement B. a sense of rebellion C. the tendency to take on too many activities D. too high an increase in her self-image
A
One type of structural change in the brain has to do with changes in the levels of gray and white matter in the brain. Which of the following statements is true? A. Gray matter decreases while white matter increases. B. Gray matter increases while white matter decreases. C. Both gray matter and white matter decrease. D. Both gray matter and white matter increase.
A
Only one-sixth of students at large, inner-city schools are judged proficient in science. What is the significance of this statistic? A. The jobs that are available for the workforce of tomorrow will most likely have at least some focus on science or technology. B. Proficiency in science is easier to measure than proficiency in "soft" subjects such as music and visual art. C. The scientific improvements that the country's leaders sought in the 1950s have not come to pass. D. Proficiency in science is more of a factor in social success than proficiency in reading or math.
A
Osman is a junior high student anticipating puberty. He wants to know when puberty will start and how long it will take until he looks like and is considered an adult. His health teacher tells him that the timing and rate of puberty A. is highly variable and influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. B. is highly predictable, beginning around 12 years of age and taking four years to complete. C. can be accelerated through good nutrition and excessive exercise. D. is determined more by his environmental and family situation than genetics.
A
Principal McGonagall has been watching his students for several years as they move through adolescence. According to research, which groups are most likely to exhibit favorable patterns of psychological adjustment over time? A. jocks and brains B. jocks and populars C. brains and populars D. populars and normals
A
Professor Ngo is studying family transitions. According to family systems theory, he is most likely to see dramatic changes in family relationships during which of the following events? A. when individual family members are changing, such as during adolescence B. when the family is free from major outside distractions, such as job changes or moves C. when children are in elementary school and parents are approaching middle age D. when the family is financially stable and its prospects for the future are strong
A
The adolescent growth spurt A. generally begins two years earlier for girls than for boys. B. generally begins two years earlier for boys than for girls. C. increases around age 15 for boys and girls. D. proceeds along a smooth and rapid course over the teen years.
A
The main reason that reactive aggression is associated with unpopularity and greater problems with peers is that reactive aggression is characterized by a combination of A. aggression and poor emotion regulation or lack of social skills. B. poor interpersonal relations despite well-developed social skills. C. delinquent behaviors and extreme shyness in social situations. D. being highly intelligent and plotting an aggressive response in advance.
A
Which aspect of the school climate is the least important in influencing psychosocial development during adolescence? A. class size B. teacher-student interactions C. use of classroom time D. standards and expectations
A
Which has a greater effect on students' scholastic achievement: school size or class size? A. school size B. class size C. Both are equally important. D. Neither significantly affects student achievement.
A
Which of the following adolescents best exemplifies the differential susceptibility theory? A. Nela's first year of college was very stressful and her grades and her mood were poor. After finding a supportive mentor, however, she became a top student and is now much happier. B. Basharhas battled addiction problems for several years, and although he has made many changes to his life and sought help on several occasions, nothing seems to help. C. Kirrahas a difficult relationship with her divorced parents and lives in a poor neighborhood. Nevertheless, Kirra strives to do well in school and make the best of her situation. D. Sergey's parents use an authoritative style and give him a lot of emotional support. In spite of this, Sergey engages in delinquent behavior, skipping school and using alcohol
A
Which of the following is a common finding of recent cyberbullying studies? A. Adolescents who engage in traditional bullying often also engage in cyberbullying. B. Victims of physical or verbal harassment are usually very different from victims of cyberbullying. C. Cyberbullying has become statistically more common than physical and verbal harassment among the adolescent population. D. More than 80 percent of adolescents have engaged in some form of cyberbullying.
A
Which of the following is an accurate example of familism, an orientation in which the needs of one's family take precedence over the needs of the individual. A. Because tennis practice would conflict with Friday night dinners with Nyala's grandparents, she chooses to join the track team instead. B. Chanthou hates driving his little sister to her voice lessons, so he asks his mother to do it instead. C. Although Daphne's father is fluent in English, he and Daphne both prefer to speak Greek at home. D. Gael's mother allows him to go to a movie with friends on Saturday, even though they originally had plans to visit to his uncle.
A
Which of the following is one of the results of improvements in social cognition? A. Adolescents become better able to interpret the feelings of others. B. Adolescents become less able to recognize that others may view situations differently. C. Adolescents are less capable of formulating arguments. D. Adolescents are less likely to challenge their parents' and teachers' authority
A
Which of the following statements about the way in which teenagers relate to mothers and fathers is true? A. Adolescents tend to be closer to their mothers. B. Adolescents relate to their mothers and fathers very similarly. C. Adolescents fight more often with their fathers than their mothers. D. Adolescents perceive fathers as more controlling than their mothers.
A
Which of these is a reason peer groups change from childhood to adolescence? A. For most adolescents, social settings become larger and more anonymous. B. For most adolescents, social settings become smaller and more intimate. C. Adolescents tend to seek out people who are noticeably different from themselves. D. Adolescents tend to seek out people who resemble the adolescent's own family members.
A
Dan planned a party and invited his whole English class by passing out personal invitations. Dan accidentally forgot to make an invitation for Sam. Sam assumed he intentionally wasn't invited and became angry at Dan for excluding him. This is an example of A. relational aggression. B. hostile attributional bias. C. aggressive-withdrawal reaction. D. reverse bullying.
B
Dave knows that kids who drink and drive sometimes get killed, but he believes that he is somehow immune to having such a terrible thing happen to him. Dave's belief is an example of A. the imaginary audience B. a personal fable C. social cognition D. metacognition
B
Decha's teacher is concerned about him because he is passive and indifferent to new experiences and shows little intellectual curiosity. He also shows signs of developing low self-esteem. Based on Baumrind's classification of parenting styles, Decha's parents are most likely A. authoritative. B. authoritarian. C. indulgent. D. indifferent.
B
Dr. Brown argues that adolescents can solve problems better than younger children because they can store more information in memory and because they have more effective strategies. Dr. Brown's view is most consistent with which of the following perspectives? A. triarchic theory of intelligence B. information-processing perspective C. psychometric theory D. Piagetian perspective
B
One aspect of brain maturation that is associated with increases in the speed of neural impulses and improvements in information transmission is A. formal operational thought. B. myelination. C. metacognition. D. information-processing gains.
B
Piaget theorists believe that the use of ______ is the chief feature of adolescent thinking that differentiates it from the type of thinking employed by children. A. egocentric reasoning B. abstract logical reasoning C. multidimensional reasoning D. systematic reasoning
B
Senator Perkins is interested in making laws that will reduce the number of car crashes involving teens. Based on the scientific research in this chapter, which advice should he follow as he drafts a bill? A. Encourage teens to drive alone. B. Encourage adults to ride along with teen drivers. C. Encourage teens to drive with their peers. D. Encourage teens to drive with one peer at a time.
B
Tam is good at drawing conclusions from given information. Thus, Tam is good at ______ reasoning. A. hypothetical B. deductive C. abstract D. relative
B
The Anytown town council developed a program to curb delinquent behavior among the town's adolescents. The program had an iatrogenic effect, meaning A. the program was successful and delinquent behavior was reduced. B. the program backfired and delinquent behavior increased. C. there were no effects on delinquent behavior, either positive or negative. D. some problem behaviors increased and others decreased.
B
The children who are most likely to think of themselves as being "off schedule" with respect to their physical development are girls who mature ______ and boys who mature ______. A. late; early B. early; late C. late; late D. early; early
B
The popular notion of a "generation gap" has only been supported in differences between parents and children with regard to A. values and attitudes. B. personal taste. C. mother-daughter relationships. D. father-son relationships.
B
The potentially fatal disorder in which young women actually starve themselves is called A. bulimia. B. anorexia nervosa. C. obesity nervosa. D. purging.
B
What is the most effective way to respond to a bully, according to research findings? A. to fight back B. to do nothing or to walk away C. to get help from a parent or teacher D. to use a variety of strategies
B
What would Stephanie, a high school student, most likely say is the best part about going to school? A. learning new information B. being with friends C. interacting with the teachers D. preparing for the future
B
Which of the following classroom climates is related to increased student achievement? A. one that promotes competition between students B. one that promotes cooperation between students C. one that values order and discipline above all else D. one that has classrooms with wide age groupings
B
Which of the following is a finding of social scientists regarding the effects of divorce on adolescents? A. Adolescents living with both of their parents, even if their relationships with those parents are not warm, tend to have fewer problems than adolescents from one-parent homes. B. It is the process of going through a divorce, not the new family structure that results from one, that most affects the mental health of adolescents. C. The adverse consequences of divorce for adolescents are directly linked to living in a single-parent household. D. Adolescents from single-parent families that have not experienced divorce have more difficulties than those from divorced or remarried homes.
B
Which of the following statements about puberty in girls is true? A. Regular ovulation and the ability to carry a baby to term usually follow menarche immediately. B. The development of the areola and nipple are far better indicators of sexual maturation than is breast size. C. Menarche occurs very early in the process of pubertal development. D. The changes in the nipple and areola occur earlier in large breasts.
B
Which of the following statements about stepfamilies is true? A. Adolescents have an easier time adjusting to a stepfather if they have a poor relationship with their biological father B. Younger children have an easier time adjusting to stepfamilies than adolescents. C. Adolescents growing up in stepfamilies have fewer problems than adolescents growing up in single-parent families. D. Girls show less difficulty in stepfamilies than boys.
B
Which of the following statements about the production of hormones at puberty is true? A . The body begins to produce several hormones that have not been present until this B. There is an increase in the production of certain hormones. C. Boys' bodies produce more estrogens, and girls' bodies produce more androgens. D. The feedback loop regulating the endocrine system becomes increasingly less important.
B
Which of the following statements about the timing and tempo of sexual maturation is true? A. Menarche typically occurs around age 12, including the United States. B. The duration of puberty varies widely, from 1.5 to 6 years in girls and 2 to 5 years in boys. C. Adolescents who begin puberty early also complete it early. D. Adolescents who begin puberty earlier usually grow to be taller adults.
B
Which of the following statements accurately reflects research on adolescent-sibling relationships? A. Adolescents see aggression towards siblings as less acceptable than aggression toward friends. B. Adolescent-sibling relationships involve more conflict than adolescent-friend relationships. C. Adolescent-sibling relationships are characterized by a significant decrease in sibling rivalry. D. The quality of adolescent-sibling relationships is not affected by the quality of the parent-child relationship.
B
Which of the following students is most at risk of developing depression? A. Johan, a teenage boy who stays up until 12 a.m. every night reading books and begins school at 10 a.m. B. Sofia, a teenage girl who stays up until 12 a.m. using her smartphone and begins school at 8 a.m. C. Afua, a teenage girl who goes to bed at 10 p.m. and begins school at 8 a.m. D. Hinata, a teenage boy who stays up until 1 a.m. watching television and begins school at 10 a.m.
B
Which of these is a realistic concern with regard to requiring all high school seniors to pass a graduation test in order to earn a diploma? A. It is likely that virtually all students would be qualified to pass such an exam. B. The financial costs associated with failing students would create a huge incentive for states to develop exams with very low requirements for passing. C. Holding back large numbers of students from graduating would eventually cause U.S. colleges and universities to have too few enrollees to stay open. D. Requiring an exit exam for high school would devalue the worth of a high school diploma at a time when fewer students are planning to attend college.
B
Which of these is the most accurate statement about teachers' expectations of students? A. Teacher expectations can affect student performance for as long as a year. B. Teacher expectations have a long-term effect on student achievement. C. Students' expectations of teachers matter more than teachers' expectation of students. D. Children from wealthy families are the most vulnerable to the weight of teacher expectations.
B
Among adolescents, placement into a foster care group home is associated with A. an easier transition to independence. B. greater delinquency. C. more stable living arrangements. D. a lengthier stay in the foster care system.
B or D
Changes in the structure of secondary schools have been linked to broader societal revolutions. Which of the following factors has contributed to these changes? A. deindustrialization B. ruralization C. immigration D. intellectualization
C
For which of the following decisions would Nozomi, an older adolescent, be most likely to accept her parents' rules? A. what she should wear on her first day of school B. what music she should play at her birthday party C. what time of night she needs to be home by D. how clean and organized her room should be
C
In what decade did the Supreme Court rule that school districts could no longer use race as a factor when deciding how to assign students to schools? A. the 1950s B. the 1970s C. the 2000s D. the 2010s
C
Interventions designed to help unpopular adolescents improve their social skills have employed which of the following techniques? A. explaining to adolescents that they need to develop a thicker psychological skin in order to make friends B. having adolescents wait patiently until another person engages them in conversation C. teaching social skills like self-expression and leadership techniques D. teaching joke-telling skills to improve their likeability among other adolescents
C
Jim and Savannah are the parents of two preteen girls. Throughout the girls' childhood, the family has enjoyed fairly harmonious relationships. The likelihood that they will experience serious problems as the girls go through adolescence is A. highly likely. B. average. C. not likely. D. not easily predicted.
C
Lupe, a 15-year-old, is most likely to learn social skills in a ______ and develop her sense of identity in a ______. A. crowd; crowd B. crowd; clique C. clique; crowd D. clique; clique
C
Mitch attends a high school where 95 percent of the students are involved in extracurricular activities. This probably also means that at Mitch's school, A. teachers track their students rigidly. B. academic standards are low. C. the size of the student body is relatively small. D. there is more variation in instruction.
C
No Child Left Behind (NCLB) was a policy designed to ensure that all students, regardless of racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic background, received a high-quality public education. Which of the following statements is true? A. NCLB is no longer necessary because almost all students in U.S. schools meet minimum performance standards. B. One of the most important factors of NCLB was that students learned how to engage in critical thinking. C. To avoid losing large sums of money, some schools actually helped students cheat on standardized tests. D. NCLB was a movement away from the performance-based accountability that had dominated U.S. education for more than 75 years.
C
Placing students in tracks that match their abilities is called A. exclusive. B. comprehensive. C. meritocratic. D. inclusive.
C
Scientists now believe that the transition from concrete operational thought to formal operational thought occurs A. very suddenly and evenly across all domains of functioning. B. at the same age, regardless of the environment. C. very gradually and continuously through adolescence into adulthood. D. in a barely noticeable way.
C
The delayed phase preference suggests that school should A. be held in the afternoon and evening. B. be held year-round. C. begin later in the morning. D. begin earlier in the morning.
C
When levels of androgens and estrogens fall below the set points, the ______ stops inhibiting the pituitary gland, thus permitting it to stimulate the release of sex hormones by the gonads. A. thyroid B. adrenal gland C. hypothalamus D. feedback loop
C
Which of the following brain systems is responsible for processing emotions, social information, and rewards? A. functional connectivity system B. response inhibition system C. limbic system D. prefrontal cortex system
C
Which of the following statements about the personal fable is true? A. Only adolescents develop personal fables. B. Only adults develop personal fables. C. Both adolescents and adults are susceptible to the personal fable. D. Researchers have disproved the idea of the personal fable.
C
One reason that the adolescent years may constitute a difficult period of adjustment is that parents A. are frequently becoming more involved in building their own careers. B. seem to be pushing children toward financial independence at earlier ages. C. are at home moreoften and do not give their children adequate freedom. D. may also be experiencing identity crises of their own.
D
Which boy is most likely to commit an act of lethal violence? A. Mitchell, who has mental health problems, is the most likely person. B. Miguel, who has easy access to guns, is the most likely person. C. Martin, who has recently dropped out of school, is the most likely person. D. Researchers have not identified a reliable mechanism for identifying which students will commit a lethal crime.
D
Which of the following environmental factors affects the onset of puberty? A. exposure to cold temperatures B. changing seasons C. poor air quality D. amount of light exposure
D
Which of the following statements about friendship stability is true? A. Opposite-sex friendships tend to be more stable than same-sex friendships. B. Girls' friendships tend to be more stable than boys' friendships. C. Well-adjusted adolescents tend to have friendships that don't last very long. D. Only half of all reciprocated best friendships that exist at the beginning of the school year exist at the end.
D
Which of the following statements about parents of adolescents is true? A. Adjusting to adolescence takes a greater toll on the mental health of children than on their parents. B. Mothers typically feel the greatest sense of loss when their teenagers leave home. C. Parents' mental health declines when they enter the "empty nest" stage. D. Parents' mental health is worse when their teenage children are living at home.
D
Your parents need to choose a school for your younger sibling. They ask you, "What have you learned in psychology class about the characteristics of good schools?" Which of these responses would be the most accurate answer to this question? A. "Good schools tend to keep themselves separate from the communities around them to provide a safe and happy space for students." B. "Schools vary so much in structure and philosophy that it's impossible to say that certain characteristics are present in most good schools." C. "Good schools are likely to treat athletics and other extracurricular activities with the same importance that they treat academics." D. "Good schools have committed teachers who have a high degree of autonomy within their classrooms."
D