Head and Neck Anatomy Exam 1

The Blank is resorbed with tooth loss and can be noted radiographically on patients.

Alveolar process of the mandible

What is the anatomic relationship of the teeth located in the front of the mouth to the teeth located in the back of the mouth?

Anterior

When a patient is in anatomic position, what is the surface of the palms of the hand considered?

Anterior

Which surface of the body is visualized when performing an extra-oral examination that includes the patient's eyes?

Anterior

Which branch of the maxillary artery supplies the maxillary anterior teeth by way of each tooth's apical foramen?

Anterior superior alveolar artery

How does the mandibular condyle move in relationship to the temporal bone?

Articular fossa

The differences in alveolar process density determine the easiest and MOST convenient areas of bony fracture used during tooth extraction, if needed. Thus the maxillary teeth are easier to remove by fracturing the thinner facial surface rather than the thicker lingual surface.

Both statement and reason are correct and related

An area closer to the median plane is considered by anatomists to be distal, and an area farther from the median plane is considered proximal.

Both statements are false

An area closer to the median plane of the body or structure is considered lateral. An area farther from the median plane of the body or structure is considered proximal

Both statements are false

The veins of the head and neck start out as large venules and become smaller as they near the base of the neck on their way to the heart. The veins of the head and upper neck are usually symmetric in location with limited or NO variance regarding their location.

Both statements are false

Muscles may differ in size and details of their attachments. joints, vessels, nerves, glands, lymph nodes, fasciae, and spaces of an individual can vary in size, location and even presence.

Both statements are true

Structures on the same side of the body are considered ipsilateral. Structures on the opposite side of the body are considered contralateral.

Both statements are true

The inner side of a hollow structure is referred to as internal. in contrast the outer side of the wall of a hollow structure is external.

Both statements are true

The ventral part is directed toward the anterior and is considered the opposite of the dorsal part when considering the entire body.

Both statements are true

During the extra-oral examination, palpating inferior to and medial to the angles of the mandible is important BECAUSE this will allow the dental professional to effectively palpate the hyoid bone.

Both the statement and the reason are correct and related

The dental professional MUST be able to locate the larger blood vessels of the head and neck BECAUSE these vessels may become compromised due to a disease process or during a dental procedure such as a local anesthetic injection.

Both the statement and the reason are correct and related

The dental professional MUST be thoroughly familiar with the surface anatomy of the head and neck in order to examine patients BECAUSE features of the surface provide essential landmarks for many deeper anatomic structures.

Both the statement and the reason are correct and related

From the following list of muscles, select which are considered infrahyoid muscles.

Both the sternothyroid and omohyoid muscles

From the following list of muscles, select which are considered muscles of mastication.

Both the temporalis and masseter muscles

Which of the following arteries is a DIRECT branch off of the aorta?

Brachiocephalic artery

What muscle aids in mastication but is not a muscle of mastication?

Buccinator muscle

From the following list of muscles, select which are considered muscles of facial expression.

Buccinator, risorius, and platysma

Facial paralysis can be either temporary or permanent when involving which of the following patient case histories?

Cerebrovascular accident, and parotid salivary gland cancer

Which are the MAJOR arteries that supply the head and neck?

Common carotid, and subclavian

What does the term anastomosis mean?

Communication of blood vessels with another connecting channel

What is the anatomic relationship of the right arm to the left leg?

Contralateral

Through which of the following bony landmarks is the sense of smell carried by olfactory nerves?

Crib-form plate of the ethmoid bone

What is the anatomic relationship of the muscles to the skin.

Deep to the skin

What is the relationship of the maxillary vein to the superficial temporal vein?

Deeper

Which of the following muscles originates on the inferior border of the mandible and inserts at each of the labial commissures?

Depressor anguli oris muscle

Which of the following muscles will serve to depress the lower lip?

Depressor labii inferioris and depressor anguli oris muscles

From the following list of muscles, select which are considered suprahyoid muscles.

Digastric, mylohyoid, and stylohyoid are suprahyoid muscles

What is the term for the top surface of the tongue?

Dorsal

When swallowing, what do the suprahyoid muscles do?

Elevate the hyoid bone

Which of the following muscles when contracted causes a surprised facial expression on a patient?

Epicranius muscle

What is the flap of cartilage located posterior to the base of the tongue and anterior to the oropharynx?

Epiglottis

From the following list of blood vessels, select those blood vessels that anastomose with the pterygoid plexus of veins located around the pterygoid muscles.

Facial vein, and Retromandibular

The pterygopalatine fossa communicates with the middle cranial fossa via the Blank

Foramen rotundum

What are the two parts of the epicranial muscle named?

Frontal and occipital bellies

What is another term for coronal plane?

Frontal plane

Which of the following muscles works to protrude the tongue?

Genioglossus muscle

From the following list of descriptions, select which descriptions can be used for the pathway of the external jugular vein.

Has valves near its entry, terminates in the subclavian vein, and visible near the sternocleidomastoid muscle

What is a serious, life-threatening blood vessel lesion that occurs when a blood vessel is seriously traumatized, allowing large amounts of blood to escape into the surrounding tissue without clotting?

Hemorrhage

The transverse section is a division through a Blank plane.

Horizontal

What is another term for a transverse section?

Horizontal section

Through which of the following openings in the skull does the twelfth cranial nerve pass?

Hypoglossal canal

With what nerve is the occipital artery closely associated at its origin?

Hypoglossal nerve

Through which bony opening do BOTH the right and left nasopalatine nerves exit onto the palate?

Incisive foramen

Which of the following bony features increases the surface area within the nasal cavity?

Inferior nasal conchae

Where is the pterygoid process of the skull located?

Inferior to the greater wing of the sphenoid bone

Into which of the following categories of head and neck muscles is the omohyoid muscle placed?

Infrahyoid muscle

From the following list of terms, select which terms relate to either an inner OR an outer side of a wall of a hollow organ.

Internal and external

Which of the following veins listed drains MOST of the head and neck?

Internal jugular vein

From the following list of terms, select which terms relate to a structure being either on the same side of the body OR on the opposite side of the body.

Ipsilateral and contralateral

By which of the following sutures of the skull do the occipital bone and parietal bones articulate with one another?

Lambdoidal suture

What is the relationship of the subclavian artery to the common carotid artery?

Lateral

The squamosal suture is BEST observed from which view of the skull?

Lateral View

Where are folliate lingual papillae located in the oral cavity?

Lateral border of the tongue

Which of the following muscles when unilaterally contracted deviates the mandible to one side?

Lateral pterygoid muscle

Which of the following oral structures or regions is NOT drained by the facial vein?

Lateral scalp

Which of the following bony landmarks is formed by the vertical plates of the palatine bones?

Lateral walls of the nasal cavity

Which of the following muscles when contracted dilates the nostrils?

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle

Which of the following describes a patient's eyes when they are in anatomic position?

Looking straight forward

Which of the following bones listed is the ONLY movable bone of the skull?

Mandible

Which of the following bony landmarks is a depression located between the coronoid process and the ramus of the mandible?

Mandibular notch

Which of the following muscles can show enlargement due to repetitive muscle contraction associated with clenching of the teeth in a patient?

Masseter muscle

Which of the following paranasal sinuses have the area over them that can be palpated during an extraoral examination?

Maxillary and frontal sinuses

The pterygoid plexus of veins is a collection of small anastomosing vessels located around the pterygoid muscles and DIRECTLY surrounding which artery?

Maxillary artery

Which of the following processes forms the lateral part of the infraorbital rim?

Maxillary process of the zygomatic bone

Which of the following landmarks needs to be noted during the administration of a local anesthetic agent to the maxillary posterior teeth?

Maxillary tuberosity

From the following list of descriptions, select which descriptions can be used for the pathway of the maxillary artery.

May be superficial to lateral pterygoid muscle, may be deep to lateral pterygoid muscle, and runs through infratemporal fossa

From the following list of terms, select which terms DIRECTLY relate to the median plane of the body.

Medial and Lateral

From the following list of terms, select which terms are DIRECTLY associated with the planes that can be noted with the body.

Median / Saggital, Frontal / Horizontal

What is another term for midsagittal plane?

Median plane

When viewing the medial surface of the mandible, which of the following bony landmarks CANNOT be observed?

Mental foramen

Which of the following muscles originates on the inferior border of the mandible and inserts into the skin tissue of the chin?

Mentalis muscle

Which of the following listed is NOT a branch of the external carotid artery?

Middle meningeal

The line of demarcation between the firmer and pinker attached gingiva and the movable and redder alveolar mucosa is the Blank

Mucogingival junction

Which of the following structures listed is NOT supplied by the lingual artery?

Mylohyoid muscle

Trying to fully survey the areas of the scalp during an extra-oral examination is NOT very important because lesions are easily visualized by the patient and then can be shared with the clinician.

NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct

The Blank of a muscle is generally attached to the LEAST movable structure

Origin

From the following list of muscles, select which muscles create the faucial pillars in the oral cavity.

Palatoglossus creates the anterior faucial pillar; palatopharyngeus

Which of the following muscles BOTH elevates the tongue and depresses the soft palate during swallowing?

Palatoglossus muscle

Which of the following is CORRECT concerning the saggital plane of the body?

Parallel to the median plane

A horizontal plane is created by an imaginary line dividing the body at any level into superior and inferior parts and is ALWAYS Blank to the median plane.

Perpendicular

What is the vertical groove located at the mid-line superior to the upper lip that extends downward on the skin from the nasal septum?

Philtrum

Both the labial and buccal mucosa may vary in coloration, as do other regions of healthy oral mucosa, in individuals with Blank skin.

Pigmented

Which of the following blood vessels NOT only protects the maxillary artery from being compressed during mastication but also accommodates changes in volume of the infratemporal fossa that occur when the mandible moves?

Pterygoid plexus of veins

Which of the following intraoral landmarks is one of the origins of the buccinator muscle?

Pterygomandibular raphe

What is the dense pad of tissue just posterior to the most distal tooth of the mandible?

Retro-molar pad

Which of the following muscles listed below does NOT serve to elevate the upper lip?

Risorius muscle

The eyeball is located in the orbital region of the head. On the eyeball is a white area with a central area of coloration. What is the term for the white area?

Sclera

Why is the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone an important feature of the skull to the dental professionals?

Serves as an attachment for the muscles of mastication

A branch of the maxillary artery reaches the nasal cavity through the Blank.

Sphenopalatine foramen

Which of the following are considered cervical muscles?

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

Which of the following muscles divides the neck region into anterior and posterior cervical triangles?

Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Which of the following muscles is NOT considered a suprahyoid muscle?

Sternothyroid muscle

Which of the following is the CORRECT definition of the term labial?

Structures closest to the lips

Which of the following muscles is considered an extrinsic tongue muscle that retracts the tongue?

Styloglossus muscle

After the seventh cranial nerve travels through the petrous part of the temporal bone, through which opening does it exit onto the face?

Stylomastoid foramen

Which of the following external foramina can ONLY be observed from an inferior view of the skull?

Stylomastoid foramen

Which of the following landmarks is the MOST inferiorly located on the mandible?

Submandibular fossa

The regions of the head include specific anatomic structures. Which region listed below is NOT included in the regions of the head?

Submental

Which of the following bony feature listed does NOT serve as an opening in bone?

Sulclus

From the following list of terms, select which terms can be used to give information about the depth of a structure in relationship to the surface of the body.

Superficial and deep

During the extraoral examination of a patient, an artery is visually noted under the skin of the patient in the temporal region. Which artery can be visualized in this manner during the examination?

Superficial temporal artery

What is the anatomic relationship of the maxillary arch to the mandibular arch?

Superior

What is the anatomic relationship of the shoulders to the hips?

Superior

Which of the following openings within the orbit, connect the orbit with the cranial cavity?

Superior orbital fissure

How is the blood supply DIRECTLY provided to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?

Superior thyroid artery

All three pharyngeal constrictors work to raise the pharynx and larynx during Blank

Swallowing

Which of the following skull bones are considered to be paired cranial bones?

Temporal bones

Which of the following muscles inserts onto the coronoid process?

Temporalis muscle

Which of the following muscles when contracted allows for the retraction of the mandible?

Temporalis muscle

From the following list of structures, select which structures are located in the nasal region of the face.

The alae and nasion

From the following list of structures, select which structures are NOT located in the temporal region of the face.

The alae, nasion, vermilion border and the philtrum

Which part of the nasal region will feel flexible when palpated?

The apex of the nose

The yellower and looser posterior part of the palate is the hard palate; it is the larger part of the palate since it comprises 85% of the total surface.

The first statement is false; and the second is true

Blood vessels are MORE numerous than lymphatic vessels. However, the venous blood vessels MAINLY parallel the lymphatic vessels.

The first statement is false; the second is true

The number of bones and muscles in the head and neck is NOT usually constant and specific details of these structures can vary from patient to patient.

The first statement is false; the second is true

The eyes are usually near the midpoint of the vertical height of the head. The width of each eye is usually the same as the distance between the ears.

The first statement is true; and the second is false

The frontal eminence is usually MORE pronounced in males, and the supra-orbital ridge is MORE prominent in females and children.

The first statement is true; and the second is false

The jaws are within the oral cavity and deep to the lips. Underlying the upper lip is the mandible, while the maxillae underlies the lower lip.

The first statement is true; and the second is false

The palate or roof of the mouth has two parts: an anterior part and a posterior part. The firmer whiter posterior part is the hard palate.

The first statement is true; and the second is false

The common carotid artery is branchless and travels superiorly along the neck, lateral to the trachea and larynx to the upper border of the thyroid cartilage. The common carotid artery travels in a sheath deep to the superior, middle, and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.

The first statement is true; the second is false

The face is on the anterior side of the head, and the neck is superior to the face.

The first statement is true; the second is false

The median plane is created by an imaginary line dividing the body into equal right and left halves. On the surface of the body, these halves are NEVER symmetric in structure.

The first statement is true; the second is false

The superior and posterior free margin of the auricle is the helix, which ends inferiorly at the lobule. The lobule is a small flap of tissue that is the part of the auricle anterior to the external acoustic meatus.

The first statement is true; the second is false

Which of the following is meant by the term "ventral"?

The front of an area of the body

From the following list of skull bones, select which skull bones articulate with the ethmoid bone.

The frontal bone, sphenoid bone, and lacrimal bones

The buccal region of the head is composed of soft tissues of the cheek. Most of the upper cheek is fleshy, mainly formed by a mass of fat and muscle. Which is the strong muscle felt in this area when the patient clenches his or her teeth together?

The masseter muscle

From the following list of structures, select which structures are located in the buccal region of the face.

The masseter muscle and angle of the mandible

From the following list of structures, select which structures are associated with the petrous part of the temporal bone.

The mastoid process and carotid canal

From the following list of skull bones, select which skull bones are associated with the paranasal sinuses.

The maxilla, sphenoid bone, and ethmoid bone

From the following list of structures, select which structures are associated with the nasal cavity.

The nasion, nasal conchae, and the nasal meatus

From the following list of structures, select which structures are associated with the occipital bone.

The occipital condyle, pharyngeal tubercle and jugular notch

What is the landmark located in the oral cavity that appears as a small elevation of tissue located on the inner part of the buccal mucosa, just opposite the maxillary second molar?

The parotid papilla

From the following list of structures, select which structures are considered part of the eyeball.

The sclera and iris

One structure of the oral cavity is the tongue, which is known as the gateway to the oral region BECAUSE the tongue is a prominent feature of the oral cavity.

The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct

Loss of height in the lower third of the face, which contains the teeth and jaws, can occur in certain circumstances such as with normal growth and excellent orthodontic therapy.

The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT

Which muscle of the neck region divides each side of the neck diagonally into BOTH the anterior cervical triangle and the posterior cervical triangle?

The sternocleidomastoid muscle

From the following list of structures, select which structures are associated with the frontal bone.

The superaorbital notch, glabella, and frontal eminence

From the following list of structures, select which structures are located in the oral region of the face.

The vermilion border and philtrum

How many anterior branches arise from the external carotid artery?

Three

From the following list of terms concerning compromised blood vessels, select the terms that are associated DIRECTLY with clot formation.

Thrombus, Embolus, and Hematoma

From the following list of descriptions, select which descriptions can be used for the pathway of the external carotid artery.

Travels upward medial to internal carotid artery, and begins at the termination of common carotid artery

Extrinsic tongue muscles are innervated by the Blank cranial nerve.

Twelfth

What is the MAJOR destination of the subclavian artery as it travels in the body?

Upper extremity or arm

Which of the following statements BEST explains why BOTH facial and dental infections can lead to serious complications for the patient?

Valves in the veins are mostly absent in the head and neck area

Which term is BEST used to describe a blood vessel that travels to the heart carrying blood?

Vein

On what structure do BOTH heads of the masseter muscle originate?

Zygomatic arch

Which of the following muscles raises each labial commissure of the lips to contribute to a smile?

Zygomaticus major muscle